RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

SCIENCE 10
Quarter 4 Week 3
Biomolecules
MELC: Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids

Objectives:
1. Identify the four categories of biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and
nucleic acids;
2. Create a concept map of biomolecules; and
3. Realize the importance of biomolecules.

Key Concepts

1. A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism,

including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids
and nucleic acids.

2. The four major categories of biomolecules are the following:

➢ Carbohydrates
• They are molecules made from aldehydes and ketones
containing numerous hydroxyl groups.
• Monosaccharides are composed of a single ring that is
chemically combined.
• Polysaccharides are polymers containing numerous
monosaccharide monomers.
➢ Lipids
• They are water – insoluble molecules that are composed of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol
and three fatty acids.
➢ Proteins
• Proteins are polymers of amino acids. They are found as
structural materials in hair, nails and connective tissues.
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
➢ Nucleic Acids
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are
nucleic acids. Both DNA and RNA are polymers that are made
up of nucleotides.
• Nucleotides are molecules that are composed of three parts: a
five carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a
phosphate group.

1
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Have you had your meal today? Try to think of the food that you eat every day. These
different types of food can give you different nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Didn’t
you know that these foods are the sources of compounds which are essential to life and that
is called as “biomolecules”.

Try to familiarize yourself to the major categories of biomolecules as you do the first
activity.

Activity 1: Let’s Hunt!

Directions:

Encircle the four (4) categories of biological macromolecules which are found in living
organisms.

B N I R T P A M S N I P T
C A R B O H Y D R A T E S
O Z R I X D I O J F T D T
S X N C V P B S F C E I U
P C O F I B H S F V S F H
N U C L E I C A C I D S S
I J P I O J N T I R U D H
M K Y E S K M S O B P X F
L P R O T E I N S G F D I
Figure 1. Word Search Puzzle

GUIDE QUESTION:

Q1. Based on your answers in the word search puzzle above, what are the four major
categories of biological macromolecules that are found in living organisms?

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

After knowing the four major categories of biomolecules, try this next activity to assess
your basic knowledge about it.

2
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Activity 2: What’s Your Idea?

Directions:
Complete the Biomolecule Concept Map below in Figure 2 by following the procedure.

Figure 2. Biomolecule Concept Map

PROCEDURE:

1. Write the word “Biomolecule” in the middle of the oval.

2. What is a biomolecule? Write your idea in the definition box of the model map.
3. What are the four categories of biomolecules? List them in the appropriate box.
4. Write four examples of biomolecules in the box labeled box.

Biomolecules interact with each other and contribute to the life processes. The next
activity will give you the idea on how these different types of biomolecule can function and
helps our body.

3
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Activity 3: Let’s Match!

Directions:
Identify the category of biomolecule being described according to its function and description
by each of the following statements in Column A by rearranging each ANAGRAM found in
Column B. Write your answers in Column C.

Table 1. Functions of Biomolecule

Column A Column B Column C

• Contains genetic
information
DIAC CIELCUN
• Directs growth and
development
• Provide material to
build muscle quick
energy for cells ESTRADYHBOCAR

• Store energy
• Cushion and insulate
organs
• Material used for cell DPISIL
membrane
• Provide structure
• Aid in muscle
movement
• Provide immunity INESTROP

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

Q1. What is the importance of each major/type category of biomolecule based on its
function? Give at least one in each type.

Table 2. Importance of Biomolecule

TYPE OF IMPORTANCE
BIOMOLECULE

4
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Q2. Why are biomolecules essential for life? Your answers will be rated using the rubric below.

RUBRIC

Point 3 2 1

Content of Answer Displayed an Displayed basic Answer does not

extensive knowledge of the show
knowledge of the question knowledge of the
question question

Let us know more about these essential molecules of life through its building blocks
called “monomers”.

Activity 4: Name that Monomer!

Directions:
Below are the different descriptions of the monomers of the four categories of biomolecules.
Using small letters, fill in the boxes to identify the monomer being described.

1. They are made up of a phosphate group, a ring-shaped base containing nitrogen, and
a five carbon sugar (pentose).

n l t s

2. From the prefix “mono” this means one. These are composed of single rings that are
chemically combined. They are also known as the simplest sugar and the basic subunit
of a carbohydrate.

m o c h r s

3. They are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. These are naturally
occurring esters are lipids that contain one long-chain carboxylic acids or more long
chains of carboxylic acids.

a t a s

4. They are known as “the building blocks of proteins”. These compounds are organic that
fuse to form proteins.

a n c d

5
 RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Additional Concept

A “Monomer” is a small molecule that joins with other similar molecules to make a polymer
while a “Polymer” is a large organic molecule consisting of tiny repeating units called
monomers.

GUIDE QUESTION:

Q1. What are monomers and what role do they play in biomolecules?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________