Title: The Causes of Insufficient Sleep among Students: A Literature Review

Abstract: Sleep is essential for the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals,
particularly for students who have to balance academic and extracurricular activities.
However, research has shown that many students do not get enough sleep, which can
lead to negative consequences such as poor academic performance, impaired
cognitive functioning, and physical health problems. This paper aims to review the
literature on the causes of insufficient sleep among students, including factors such as
academic pressure, technology use, social and personal factors, and sleep disorders. The
findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors to promote healthy sleep
habits among students.

Introduction:

Sleep is a fundamental human need, essential for maintaining physical, mental, and
emotional health. Lack of sleep has been associated with numerous negative outcomes,
including decreased cognitive function, impaired academic performance, and
increased risk of chronic health problems. College students are particularly vulnerable to
insufficient sleep due to academic demands, social activities, and lifestyle choices. This
paper aims to review the literature on the causes of insufficient sleep among students.

Academic Pressure:

Academic pressure is a significant contributor to sleep deprivation among students.

Research has shown that students who experience high levels of academic stress are
more likely to report sleep problems. Factors such as academic workload, exams, and
deadlines can cause students to sacrifice sleep in order to meet academic demands. In
addition, students who procrastinate may also have difficulty sleeping due to anxiety and
stress related to upcoming deadlines.

Technology Use:
Technology use has become increasingly prevalent among students, and excessive use
of electronic devices has been linked to sleep problems. The blue light emitted by
electronic screens can interfere with the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to
difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. In addition, the use of social media and other
online activities can be stimulating and engaging, making it difficult for students to
disengage and wind down before bed.

Social and Personal Factors:

Social and personal factors can also contribute to insufficient sleep among students.
Social pressures to participate in social activities and maintain a busy schedule can lead
to sleep deprivation. Personal factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression can also
disrupt sleep patterns. In addition, poor sleep hygiene habits such as irregular sleep
schedules, excessive caffeine intake, and alcohol consumption can all contribute to
sleep problems.

Sleep Disorders:

Finally, sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome can also
cause sleep deprivation among students. These disorders can interfere with the quality
and quantity of sleep, leading to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and decreased academic
performance.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, insufficient sleep is a common problem among students, and it can have
negative consequences for their academic performance and overall wellbeing. The
causes of insufficient sleep among students are multifaceted, including academic
pressure, technology use, social and personal factors, and sleep disorders. Addressing
these factors is crucial for promoting healthy sleep habits among students. Educating
students about sleep hygiene practices, providing resources for managing academic
stress, and promoting healthy lifestyles can all contribute to better sleep habits and
improved academic outcomes.