See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/359805115

Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology

Chapter · April 2022

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8546-0_16

CITATIONS READS

0 104

3 authors, including:

Amarjeet Singh Chauhan Abhishek Singhal

Dayalbagh Educational Institute Agra UP India 1 PUBLICATION   0 CITATIONS   
9 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS   
SEE PROFILE
SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Amarjeet Singh Chauhan on 21 April 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 837

Goutam Sanyal ·
Carlos M. Travieso-González ·
Shashank Awasthi · Carla M. A. Pinto ·
B. R. Purushothama   Editors

International
Conference
on Artificial
Intelligence
and Sustainable
Engineering
Select Proceedings of AISE 2020,
Volume 2
Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa
Technology

Amarjeet Singh Chauhan, Abhishek Singhal, and R. S. Pavithr

Abstract In present, garbage is the main problem and how to stop spreading garbage
from the outside of dustbins. How can we easily monitor and collect the garbage from
the dustbins time to time? In this project, we have developed an automated garbage
monitoring system using LoRa technology. LoRa technology provides long-range
connectivity between dustbin (node) and gateway. A LoRa garbage node, which is
fix on the dustbin. Multiple nodes located at different locations are connected with
a common gateway. The ultrasonic sensor connect with LoRa node measures the
level of garbage inside the dustbin and pushes sensors data on the server through
LoRa gateway and also sends the notification (e.g., email, simple text message) to
authorized personal when dustbin is full. LoRa nodes also provide an indication
about garbage level in the dustbins with the help of glowing led, e.g., red led shows
garbage bin is fully filled; yellow led shows garbage bin is half filled, and green led
shows garbage bin is empty.

Keywords LoRa · LoRa garbage node · Ultrasonic sensor · Garbage bin

1 Introduction

Nowadays, a huge amount of unwanted garbage waste has spread outside the dustbins
and flew garbage here and there, become dirty environment. For resolving the above
problem, introduce a garbage monitoring system using LoRa technology, which is
totally based on the popular technology, Internet of Things and the latest LoRa
technology which is basically known for long-range connectivity. For good lifestyle,
cleaning is must, and it begins with garbage collection.
As all we know that the population of our country is increasing day by day. Garbage
waste overflow from the dustbins results, dirty and an unhealthy environment. From
the dirtiness, different types of harmful and dangerous diseases spread which is
harming our body and downgrade living standard. So, by the help of this paper, we

A. S. Chauhan (B) · A. Singhal · R. S. Pavithr

IoT Lab, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra,
India

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 175
G. Sanyal et al. (eds.), International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable
Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 837,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8546-0_16
176 A. S. Chauhan et al.

introduce a garbage monitoring system using LoRa technology for both rural and
urban areas which is acting as one of the innovatory projects to keep the environment
clean. In this project, using LoRa technology which is helpful to provide long-
range connectivity between dustbin (node) and gateway. LoRa garbage nodes (in
which ultrasonic sensors connect with Arduino LoRa shield) are placed at different
locations. This system monitors the garbage level from the dustbins which are placed
in different areas and posted their status time to time on the server. Ultrasonic sensor,
which is used in this system, fixed at the top of dustbin to measure the garbage waste
level. LoRa node sends sensor data on a server through LoRa gateway and send
notification (e.g., email, simple text message) to authorized person when dustbin
will be full. LoRa garbage node provides manual indication to know about garbage
level in the dustbins with the help of the glowing led for local people e.g., red led
shows garbage bin is fully filled; yellow led shows garbage bin is half filled, and
green led shows garbage bin is empty.

1.1 LoRa Technology

LoRa is a radio frequency (RF) modulation technology, which cover long-range area
and low power consumption. In urban areas, LoRa provides long-range communica-
tions up to five kilometers. In rural areas, it provides long-range communication up
to 15 km. The main advantage of LoRa technology to capable for cover long-range
communication up to 15 km. Multiple LoRa nodes can connect with a single gateway.
The range of connectivity of LoRa depends upon the surrounding of that area. LoRa
technology is an advance technology, which allowing data communication for long
range with using low power [1]. LoRa is more flexible and could penetrate the deep
indoors and cover long distance using low power consumption. All other technologies
like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have low-range connectivity and required high bandwidth
for data communication, use high power. So, LoRa technology is more beneficial
than those technologies. We can use LoRa technology in smart agricultural areas, in
smart city projects and will be beneficial for long-range applications. In this project,
we use LoRa technology, so its main specifications are as follows:
• It has long range of coverage, greater than 10 km.
• It provides secured network.
• In this, only one gateway has good capacity to cover an area of 8 km to 12 km.
The main thing in LoRa is frequency because it works on frequency. In India, the
frequency band for LoRa is 865–868 MHz.
Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology 177

2 Literature Survey

Inspection of garbage bins of different areas takes more time and money. Municipal
corporation workers do not go daily for inspection of garbage bins results, garbage
from garbage bin keeps spreading out. If we set up smart dustbins concept, got a
problem of connectivity in the streets and open areas because there is no Internet
connectivity to send sensor data to the server. For the smart dustbin concept, we
need Internet connection. Hence, to reduce this problem, we use the latest IOT-based
technology, LoRa technology, we can easily set up this system anywhere we want. For
this project, we saw many research papers for gaining more knowledge about LoRa
technology, so one of them [2] is the paper of Umber Noreen, Achene Bounceur,
Laurent Clavier. They proposed emerging transmission technology which is related
to IoT network. They have written in their paper about three basic parameters for the
characteristics of LoRa technology are as follows: Code fee, spreading thing, and
bandwidth. They presented in their paper about the impact of those three parameters.
In LoRa technology, a gateway which is set up in a selected location where an
Internet connection is good, and we can connect multiple nodes from a single gateway
in range of 10 km and can easily monitor these nodes. In this project, node generally
consists of sensors like the Arduino controller board for controlling the device func-
tioning and using LoRa shield for connectivity which is placed on the Arduino. LoRa
works on frequency so no need of Wi-Fi in dustbin area where we place our garbage
LoRa nodes. We can easily monitor the dustbins garbage level and update their status
on the server where ultrasonic sensor used for level detection. For further changes,
in this project, we will add more sensors like gas sensor, which is used to detect
harmful gases from our surrounding, Fire sensor used to detect the fire around or
nearby dustbin area, information about fire is also send by this system automatically
to authority of Municipal corporation on time, so they take immediate action on that.
As per latest trend, we can check dustbin status on android application instead of
Web pages.

3 System Architecture

Garbage monitoring system using LoRa technology project is basically designed

for resolving the problem of garbage which is spread outside the bins that result
unhealthy environment and increasing pollution. So, this system helps us to keep the
rural and urban areas clean. So basically, in this project, we use good sensors those
work perfectly and gives perfect results.
This dustbin node made by using Arduino LoRa shield, ultrasonic sensor, three
smalls led. Arduino LoRa shield is powered by a 5 V DC adapter. LoRa gateway
which is basically used for receiving data from the dustbin node. Ultrasonic sensor,
which is used in this system, fixed at the top of dustbin to measure the garbage waste
level. A dashboard which is made for showing the dustbin status and get notification
178 A. S. Chauhan et al.

(e.g., email, simple text message) when dustbin will be full. Figure 1 shows the
architecture of this project which is given below. By using this figure, we can easily
understand about this system.
So, the above diagram shows the whole process of this project. In this project, we
use a LoRa garbage node. In Fig. 2, ultrasonic sensor and three led (green, yellow,
red) connect with Arduino LoRa shield and use power supply to give power to this
Arduino shield. Ultrasonic sensor and three led are connected with Arduino LoRa
shield and built a complete dustbin node. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of a
single node of dustbin which is given below.

Fig. 1 Project architecture

Fig. 2 Block diagram of

single dustbin node
Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology 179

Fig. 3 Arduino with LoRa

shield. www.dragino.com

4 Hardware Used and Their Roles

4.1 Arduino LoRa Shield

Basically, LoRa shield is known as a long-range transceiver which is placed on the

Arduino (We can also use other controller boards like Arduino Mega, and Leonardo.).
This LoRa shield allows to send data at low data rates and cover long ranges. In this
project, the role of this Arduino shield is to collect data from sensors and send this
data on the gateway. By using ultrasonic sensor, this LoRa shield collects the garbage
level data and send it to the server through the gateway (Fig. 3).

4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor

The role of this sensor is telling about the level of garbage bins. It has four pins.
Ultrasonic sensor GND and VCC pins are connected to GND pin and +5 V pin,
respectively, of Arduino. Trig pin and echo pin are connected with any digital pin of
the Arduino LoRa shield (Fig. 4).
To measure the distance, we use this given formula:

D = (T × S)/2

Here, D = Distance the sound has traveled, T = Time, S = Speed of Sound.

180 A. S. Chauhan et al.

Fig. 4 Ultrasonic sensor.

www.robu.in

Fig. 5 Dragino LoRa

gateway. www.dragino.com

4.3 Dragino LoRa Gateway

The role of this gateway is only getting the data from all nodes and pass the data to
the server which is shown in data dashboard. This gateway is working like a receiver
it works on frequency (e.g., In India, the frequency band for LoRa is 865 MHz to
868 MHz) (Fig. 5).

4.4 Power Supply

In this project, we use +5 V DC power supply to give power to this node. And we
can also use rechargeable battery which is good to give power all the time (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6 Lithium-ion
rechargeable battery. www.
dragino.com
Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology 181

Fig. 7 Small Led. www.

robu.in

4.5 Led

In this project, led is used for the manual indication about garbage present in the
dustbins. By the help of three led, local people get to know how much garbage
present in the dustbins. In this, red led shows garbage bin is fully filled; yellow led
shows garbage bin is half filled, and green led shows garbage bin is empty (Fig. 7).

5 Working and Flowchart

In this project, Smart garbge collection system using LoRa technology. It contains
ultrasonic sensor (which is fix on the top of the garbage bin for measure the level
of garbage) and LoRa client node. LoRa node sends sensor data on server through
LoRa gateway. So, data on the dashboard updated time to time and automatically
send a notification (e.g., email, message) to authorized person when the garbage bin
will be full (Fig. 8).

6 Results

At last, some of the result pictures of this project are given below.
• Figure 9 shows the complete node for dustbin; LoRa gateway is also present in
this picture.
• Figures 10 and 11 show the online data on ThingSpeak which come from sensors
time to time
• Fig. 12 shows the notification alert when dustbin is full, an automatic notification
sent to the authorized person phone.

7 Future Scope

Initially, we set up garbage node in my college dustbins, and we successfully did

this. In future, we will use this project in following government projects:
182 A. S. Chauhan et al.

Fig. 8 Working flowchart

Fig. 9 Working dustbin

node with LoRa gateway

• We will use this project in Government SMART CITY project.

• This project will be very helpful for the government project SWACHH BHARAT
ABHIYAN.
Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology 183

Fig. 10 Online data

Fig. 11 Online data

184 A. S. Chauhan et al.

Fig. 12 Notification alert

8 Conclusion

At last, we come to this conclusion that the main aim of this project is to keep the
sanitation level in the villages and cities, form a hygienic area which is good for us.
With the help of this, we can easily monitor the level of the garbage. The authorized
person also got notification (e.g., email, simple text message) when dustbin will be
full. Data collected from dustbin node are presented over a dashboard that is hosted
on a Web server and used the LoRa technology to reduce the connectivity issue
between garbage node and gateway server. This system is very useful for us if we
used it properly. It saves time and money both. It is truly helpful for improving the
quality of our surrounding. This is smart way of keeping our city clean and hygienic.

References

1. Ziouzios D, Dasygenis M (2019) A smart bin implementation using LoRa. In: 2019 IEEE 4th
South-East Europe design automation, computer engineering, computer networks and social
media conference (SEEDA-CECNSM)
2. Devalal S, Karthikeyan A (2018) LoRa technology-an overview. In: 2018 second international
conference on electronics, communication and aerospace technology (ICECA)
3. SathishKumar N, Vuayalakshmi B, Jenifer Prarthana R, Shankar A (2016) In: IOT based smart
garbage alert system using Arduino UNO, 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) 1028–
1034 https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2016.7848162
4. Parkash PV (2016) IoT based waste management for smart city. Int J Innov Res Comput Commun
Eng 4(2):1267–1274
 Garbage Monitoring System Using LoRa Technology 185

5. Chaware SM, Dighe S, Joshi A, Bajare N, Korke R (2017) Smart garbage monitoring system
using internet of things (IOT). Int J Innov Res Electr Electron Instrum Control Eng 5(1):74–77
6. Folianto F, Low YS, Yeow WL (2015) Smartbin: smart waste management system. In: 2015
IEEE tenth international conference on intelligent sensors sensor networks and information
processing (ISSNIP)
7. Noreen U, Bounceur A, Clavier L (2017) A study of LoRa low power and wide area network
technology. In: 2017 international conference on advanced technologies for signal and image
processing (ATSIP)

View publication stats