1 - Elmar 10K English ALL GENERIC PDF

10K PRESSURE CONTROL
SCHOOL
Part 1
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 1
I thank you for…

I Thank you for:
• Muting the cell phones…

– If you got that important call, just walk out of the classroom and get it without interrupting the
class.
• No texting, messaging, pictures, recording, filming…
• No phones at hand during tests and reviews.
• No computers open during class.
• Asking your questions if you got lost, or didn’t understand, or didn’t listen well. Clear
up your doubts before we move on…
– The instructor comes here to make sure you end up knowing about pressure control. Help
him out in doing so!

Contents – Part 1
• Introduction – Quick Test Sub

• Safety – Tool Trap
– General / WellSetup – Lubricator
– Always/Never – Quick unions
– H2S – Tool Catcher
• Pressure – Grease tubes

– Stuffing-Box
– Manufacturer’s / On the job
– Line wiper
• Equipment
– Quick Test Sub
– X-Tree
– Greases
– Adapters
– Hoses
– Pump-In Sub
– Wireline Valve - WLV
• Hands-On
– Full PPE required
– Manifold
Contents – Part 2
• Hydraulic Panel and Grease • Abnormal Operations:

– Hoses – Seal loss
– Hoses - Connections – Loose Strand
– Control Panel – Cable knot
• Maintenance – Hydrate Formation
– Level I, II, and III – Broken O-ring
• Pressure Test - Base – Tool stuck

– Stuck at surface
• Pressure Test - Field
– Broken weak Point
• Seals - Threads
– Cased Hole Fishing
• Field Operations:
– Job planning.
• Final Test (80%)
– Job execution.

Introduction
• Why do we need pressure control

equipment?
– To intervene in wells that have or may have
pressure at their well head.
– To provide a safe manner to contain well
fluids at surface and to guarantee an
absolute seal so well fluids will not escape
to the environment.
Introduction
Open Hole: Cased Hole:

Pressure at the head it is Pressure IS expected at the
job.
not expected.
The eqpt. Is meant to control
Equipment is just a the pressure present at the
precaution job.
There are means at the There are no means to control
well to control pressure pressure at the wellsite.

Introduction
Ph MORE THAN Pr Ph = 0 psi

-- OVERBALANCE --
Ph = Depth (ft) x
Mud Weight (ppg) x
0.052
Ph LESS THAN Pr
-- UNDERBALANCE --
Ph = 8,100 psi Pr =
8,000 psi
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Introduction
X-Tree
Tubing
Annular
Casing
Hanger
Packer
Liner
Perfs
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Introduction
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Introduction
Grease head: Prevents the well

pressure to escape to the
atmosphere.
Control Module: Provides

the grease to seal the well
Lubricators: Contain the tool while pressure and hydraulic
the well head is opened and closed. pressure to operate the
equipment.
WLV: Seals the well pressure over

the cable. It has to be used only
on a stopped cable.
Adapter: Connects the pressure

control equipment to the well head.

SAFETY IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY
NO DAMAGE TO PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT,
ENVIRONMENT OR OPERATION AS A DIRECT RESULT
OF JOB PLANNING AND PREVENTION ATTITUDE
• Always number 1 priority.
• Know what you do. If you don’t or doubt, ask.
• Take the time you need to do things right. Do not take shortcuts.
• The equipment weighs a lot. Take care of your back and limbs when
handling it.
• Use the equipment according to its specifications. Never exceed them.
• Know the maintenance of YOUR equipment.
• Always use the Personal Protection Equipment.

• Test the pressure control equipment before each job.
• Don’t spill fluids. Use absorbent carpets and buckets. Keep the location clean
and tidy.
• Always do a safety meeting prior to the job. Establish one on one
communication
s. 5 - p. 1/5
SAFETY – Well setup
• H2S detectors to be placed downwind and at a

low level. Place equipment perpendicular to the wind
wind.
• Check the WLV before the job.
• Check the pressure control equipment before
opening the well.
• Do not smoke.
• NEVER test an equipment with gases, diesel, or H2S detector
fuels.
• Wellsite test with water or glycol (or a mix).
• Pressure test with guns NOT advised.
• Wellsite test with well fluid is NOT
WIND advised even if there is no H2S.
Control • Test with Methanol is also NOT advised.
The client can perform it.
Panel Wellhead
• Wellsite Test pressure is 1.2 x Max.
Logging Air Hose expected pressure for at least 5 minutes.
Unit Air
Compressor
s. 5 - p. 1/5
SAFETY – Always/Never
• Always a Tool Catcher or Tool Trap have to be always

present in the equipment.
• Always work with daylight or excellent illumination.
• Always count the number of turns of the X-tree valves.
• Never cross lines of fire when operating the
equipment.
• Never exceed the working pressure (WP) of the
pressure control equipment in the field.
• Never exceed the test pressure (TP) at the base.
• Never cut
• Never stamp or mark
• Never weld
s. 5 - p. 1/5
SAFETY - H2S
H2S: Sour Gas – Hydrogen Sulphide
• Direct Risk: Poisoning

• Indirect Risk: H2S attacks and weakens metals, reducing its
original specifications to withstand pressure.
• Characteristics:
– No color, Inflammable.
– Heavier than air, it settles down in confined environments and
wells.
– As toxic as cyanide.
– Although in very low concentrations it has an offensive odor,
DO NOT USE THE SENSE OF SMELL TO DETECT IT. The
H2S kills the sense of smell before reaching mortal
concentrations.
s. 5 - p. 6/12
SAFETY - H2S
•Toxicity:
– Sub Acute Poisoning: Irritation, smarting of the eyes, persistent cough, tightening and
burning of the chest. Recovery is usually complete.
– Acute Poisoning: asphyxia, cramps, paralysis of the pupil. Might be fatal if the victim is not
ventilated and cared for soon.
In high concentrations, a single breath may cause poisoning and death.
Protective gear (SCBA, umbilical) is mandatory ABOVE 10

ppm in atmosphere.
SCBA means Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Masks with air filters just won’t work...
s. 5 - p. 6/12
SAFETY - H2S
s. 5 - p. 6/12
SAFETY - H2S
• Effects on the equipment:

– Corrosive Attack: Produces iron sulfide (FeS) and
carbonic acid when combined with water.
1”
– Carbide Attack: The H2S produces methane that
leaves voids inside the metal
– Hydrogen of the H2S gets inside the metal,
expands its volume and makes the metal crack.
• The H2S effect is cumulative and

exposing the equipment to low
concentrations will make the effects show
0,8”
up after some time.
s. 5 - p. 6/12
EQPT. - Definitions
• Work and Test Pressure:
– Working Pressure (WP): That’s the maximum pressure never to be exceeded

when operating the equipment.
– Test Pressure (TP): A pressure higher than WP, that has to be applied only at the
pressure test bay, to ensure correct operation at the WP.
– Service: It’s the ability of the equipment to withstand H2S (H2S-Acid-Sour-NACE

MR0175) or not (Standard-Sweet).
WP 10KPSI – TP 15KPSI – H2S - DY83-2
TP 15KPSI – 11-28-06
s. 6 - p. 2/4
Safety Band
Maximum pressure
allowed for killing
the well: 5,000 psi
834 psi difference,

20% of the WHP
Well Head Pressure:

4,166 psi Equipment
WP 5,000 psi
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EQPT. - Definitions
• Wellhead Pressure and Maximum Potential:

– Well Head Pressure (WHP): It is the pressure present at the wellhead at the
moment that the job is performed. It is used to OPERATE the equipment.
– Maximum Expected Well Head Pressure (MEWHP): That’s the maximum pressure
that might appear during an operation, even if it is not there when starting the job.
It is used to PLAN the operation.
– Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP): Is the pressure not to be
exceeded during a particular operation. It is the pressure at which the equipment
was tested at the wellsite prior to the job.
WHP <= MEWHP <= MAOP <=WP
• Temperatures:
– Temperature of use is -20F to 250F. (-29C to 121C)
s. 6 - p. 2/4
EQPT. – OH Eqpt. Pressures
• At the wellsite, Working Pressure (WP) must never be exceeded. To that, a

safety band of 20% is defined between the Maximum Expected WHP, and
the WP.
3,000 psi WP Eqpt. 5,000 psi WP Eqpt. Some of the older

3,000 and 5,000 psi
WP (Slimline)
TP (Non API) = 4,500 psi. TP (API)= 7,500 psi equipment does not
TP (API) = 6,000 psi. TP (API Old) = 10,000 psi comply with the TP
stated at the API 6A
WP = 3,000 psi WP = 5,000 psi recommendation,
Maximum Expected WHP: Maximum Expected WHP: therefore the
2,500 psi 4,166 psi manufacturer’s TP
has to be used for
testing.
s. 6 - p. 3
EQPT. - CH Eqpt. Pressures
• At the wellsite, Working Pressure (WP) must never be

exceeded. To that, a safety band of 20% is defined between
the Maximum Expected WHP, and the WP.
5,000 psi WP Eqpt. 10,000 psi WP Eqpt. 15,000 psi WP Eqpt.
TP = 10,000 psi TP = 15,000 psi TP = 22,500 psi

WP = 5,000 psi WP = 10,000 psi WP = 15,000 psi
Maximum Expected Maximum Expected Maximum Expected WHP :
WHP: 4,166 psi WHP : 8,333 psi 12,500 psi
s. 6 - p. 3
EQPT. - WLV Selection
WLV Simple
Manual or Double WLV Triple WLV
Hydraulic
Simple WLV Double WLV used in Triple WLV used in 10,000 psi
used up to 5,000 5,000 psi and 10,000 (no gas) and 15,000 psi WP Eqpt.
psi WP Eqpt., psi WP Eqpt.,
not advised in mandatory in gas wells
live/gas wells
Rubber seals: 3K and 5K Eqpt, overbalanced wells.

Grease Seal: 5K and above equipment for live / underbalanced wells.
s. 7 - p. 38/43
EQPT. - H2S
• When to use H2S rated equipment
– The materials used to build an H2S resistant equipment comply with the NACE
MR0175 specification.
– H2S must be used when:
• When relative H2S pressure is more then 0.05 psi. This means:
WHP x H2S Concentration (ppm) > 0.05 psi
1,000,000
• When there is More than 770 ppm of H2S AND 65 psi WHP
• When there is more than 150,000 ppm
H2S
Rel. Pres. < 0.05
Well Head
Pressure
65 psi
Standard 150,000 ppm
H2S Concentration

Equipment selection WP vs. MEWHP
Seal on Cable MEWHP WP TP Pressure Source WL BOP SL BOP

SL 3000 3K 6K Surface Controlled at well. Opt. Opt.
SL 5000 5K 10K Surface Controlled at well. Opt. Opt.
Surface Controlled - Minimal
WL Pack-Off 3000 3K 6K leak at surface acceptable. Opt. Opt.
No gas - No H2S.
Surface Controlled - Minimal
WL Pack-Off 5000 5K 10K leak at surface acceptable. Opt. Opt.
No gas - No H2S.
WL Grease / SL 8333 10K 15K Surface Controlled Double Single
Reservoir - Minimal leak at
WL Pack-Off 2500 3K 6K surface acceptable. Single Single
No gas - No H2S.
WL Grease / SL 4166 5K 10K Reservoir Double Single
Double (no gas)

WL Grease / SL 8333 10K 15K Reservoir Single
Triple
WL Grease
12500 15K 22.5K Reservoir Triple Double
SL Grease
H2S in the well? H2S Service – No H2S at all? STD service
EQPT. - Description
SL Stuffing Box
Pressure Control Equipment
Pressure Control Equipment
Chemical Injection Sub

Slick Line
Wire Line
Lubricators
Ported Lubricator
Quick Test Sub
WLV
Adapter
s. 7 - p. 1
EQPT. - Xtree
Manumatic Valve
Master Valve
Hi/Lo Pressure Pilot

ESD – Hydr. Actuator Tubing Head Adapter
s. 7 - p. 3/7
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EQPT. - Adapters
WP of 3K and 5K
Check with
manufacturer, some
don’t say the WP!
• Use just one adapter, don’t use X/O between • Dimensions designed by API.
threads sizes. • It’s only safe if all the bolts of the right
• Just 2-3 lines of Teflon. size are on.
• Preferably API 5A3 grease (pipe dope). • Used for High Pressure.
• Inspect thread wearing. • Bolts hand tight first, then make tight.
• Do not apply excessive mechanical load. with wrench
• Right torque about 2 turns above hand tight. • Bolts are adjusted always crossways.
s. 7 - p. 8/18
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EQPT. - Adapters
Described in the API 6B bulletin.

Series classification (not used today), assigns
to each series a WP
Series WP status
You need to know three 300 720 psi obsolete

things to choose the 400 960 psi obsolete
right flange: 600 2,000 psi
•WP 900 3,000 psi
•Nominal Size 1500 5,000 psi
•Ring Type 2900 10,000 psi obsolete
type 6BX 10,000 psi
type 6BX 15,000 psi
s. 7 - p. 8/18
EQPT. – Flange Table
s. 7 - p. 19
s. 7 - p. 20
s. 7 - p. 21
s. 7 - p. 22
s. 7 - p. 23
s. 7 - p. 24
s. 7 - p. 25
s. 7 - p. 26
EQPT. – Pump-In Sub
• Allows to inject fluids at high rates into the well.

• Connection is called 2” WECO 1502 or 2” fig 1502.
• Maintenance is critical. As it is placed below the WLV, there is no
way to access it if there is pressure at the well.
• With threaded lateral entry, check that is fully screwed in and
adjusted to the manufacturer’s torque.
• The valve is known by several names:
¼ Turn - 1x2 - 2x1 - Lotor - Low Torque - Weco Valve - Plug
Valve – Halco Valve – Anson Valve.
• The valve is to be stored and greased up in the OPEN position
s. 7 - p. 27/37
EQPT. – Pump-In Sub
3K-5K-10Kpsi
Equipment
• All PCEs of 3K, 5K and

10K WP are fitted with
2” fig 1502.
• 2” fig 602 and
2” fig 1002 can get
screwed in
PERFECTLY into each
other.
s. 7 - p. 27/37
EQPT – Hammer Lug Connections
VERY WRONG:
connection between
2” fig 1502 pin and
Different models of Hammer-Lug 2” fig 602 box
connections

EQPT. - WLV
Wire Line Valve (WLV)

• Manual or hydraulic.
• Used to repair the cable under pressure.
• Always close the upper one first.
• Grease may be injected to improve gas
sealing.
• RAM’s seal is chosen according to cable
size.
• WLV’s RAMS may be inspected after
every job.
• DO NOT OPERATE ON A MOVING
CABLE
s. 7 - p. 38/59
EQPT. - WLV
s. 7 - p. 38/59
OC
EQPT. - WLV
Standard
Plates Quad Ram
Guides Ram
Integral
Guides Ram
s. 7 - p. 38/59
EQPT. - WLV
Quad Ram
Integral
Guides Ram
s. 7 - p. 38/59
EQPT. - WLV
MANUAL VALVE WITH SINGLE

RAM
– Manufactured for 5,000 psi, limit its
use to 3,000 psi.
– Used mostly with 15/32” wireline
– Slow manual cycle.
s. 7 - p. 38/59
Equipment - WLV
Ouberta
Fechada • Drum Panel

s. 7 - p. 38/59
P-M O-C

EQPT. - WLV
Open
Closed WLV Operates with

1,200 psi Hydr. Press.
s. 7 - p. 38/59
EQPT. - WLV
• When closing the RAMs a continuous sealing is created.

• The valve seals under pressure in only one direction. The outer
seal must be directed to the zone of lower pressure.
Correct Position Incorrect Position
s. 7 - p. 55

EQPT. - WLV
• Seal in a Gas Well
Grease
Injection
20% over
Well Head
Pressure
With SlickLine there is

no migration of the
gas through the wire.
There is no need for
double WLV
s. 7 - p. 56
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EQPT. - WLV
• Triple valve
– For Gas wells
– Always used with upper (1) and
lower (3) RAM.
– The Middle RAM (2)
is used as backup.
TO CLOSE TO OPEN
1 – Upper Ram 1 – Equalize all
2 – Lower Ram 2 – Lower Ram
3 – Inject grease 3 –Middle Ram
4 – ONLY IF 4 – Upper Ram
NEEDED, close
Middle Ram and
redirect grease
s. 7 - p. 58

EQPT. - WLV
If the valve is operated with a pressure

difference, the seal will get damaged due
to the high fluid velocity.
s. 7 - p. 61
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EQPT. - Manifold
Manifold Equalizing Valve
• It must be open as the WLV valve is closed. Then
it is closed.
• It must be opened before opening the valve.
• During normal operation valves 4 and 2 must be
kept closed to avoid gassing the hose.
s. 7 - p. 61
>

EQPT - Manifold
EQPT - Manifold
Valve Closed. The pressure in the bottom

channel does not reach the center of the
valve.
Valve Open. The pressure is connected to

the center channel.
Valve Overturned. The teflon packing is

squeezed out of its chamber and will clog
the valve. The needle might get expelled
out.
s. 7 - p. 70

EQPT. - Manifold
Kerotest Valve
Packing
Needle
Seat
Pressure Flow Pressure Flow
With the valve open, the pressure With the valve closed, the pressure
is retained only by the packing. is retained by the needle, the
packing is not exposed to pressure.
EQPT. - Manifold
MANOMETER
A
TOP
B
A
RAM
B
DUMP
C
C
GREASE INJ.
D
D BOTT.
RAM. GLYCOL INJ.
E
E
s. 7 - p. 63/75

EQPT. - Manifold
Eqpt. - Manifold

EQPT. - Manifold
• Normal operation:
– A: Open / B, C, D, E: Closed
• When closing upper RAM (skip if not needed):
– A, C, D: Open / B, E: Closed A
• Once the upper RAM was closed:
– C: Is closed. A and D stay open, B, C, and E closed. B
• When closing lower RAM:

– E: Is opened. A, D, and E stay open, B and C closed. C
• Once the lower RAM is closed:
– E is closed. A and D open, B, C, and E closed. D
• When injecting grease:
– The injected grease goes through D filling the cavity of the
valve. Valve A open allows reading the pressure inside the E
lubricator. When opening B valve, the pressure will bleed off
through the ‘DUMP’ port.
• In order to open all of the RAMs (WITH A CLOSED
LUBRICATOR)
– Close B. Open E, D, C (slowly), A. Open the RAMs.
s. 7 - p. 63/75
EQPT. - Manifold
MANOMETER
B
A
B
DUMP
C
C
GREASE INJ.
D
D
GLYCOL INJ.
E
E
F
F
s. 7 - p. 63/75

EQPT. - Manifold
Eqpt. - Manifold

EQPT. – CamLock Hydrolex WLV
Eqpt. – WLV Considerations
WLV Transport:
• If you can see the piston lock (safety screw), then
transport the WLV closed.
• If the piston lock (safety screw) is protected, then
transport the WLV open.
• Needle valves with handles must be transported and
stored closed.
WLV Maintenance:
• The WLV is the first part of the equipment that needs
to be tested upon arrival to the location.
• Rams should be open and inspected before/after
each job.
• WLV Manifold connections are ½” NPT (some
older/other brands BOPs could be a different size)
Multiline RAMs:
• 5/16” only up to 10KWP.
• 15/32” up to 5KWP.

EQPT. - Quick Test Sub
1) Eqpt. Is tested 2) Lube is open at the 3) QTS is closed and

without guns in the QTS (the other seals pressure is applied
inside stay untouched. only to that connection
Close before
opening the
well
s. 7 - p. 104/109
EQPT. - Tool Trap
• Manual, Hydraulic or
Combined
Hydraulic Cylinder
• Check the flapper for
wear.
• Check the flapper moves
freely.
Handle
Flapper
s. 7 - p. 110/116

EQPT. - Lubricator
– Standard lengths are 4,6,8,10 and 12 feet.

– ID should be 0.15” to 0.25” larger than the tool
maximum OD.
– The minimum length is the tool length plus 3 feet.
– Do not use wrenches or spanners on the
Lightweight lubes.
– Do not attempt to disassembly Lightweight lubes
connections without the proper tools.
– Quick Union are to be hand tight. Do not back-off.
s. 7 - p. 117/119
EQPT. – Lightweight Lube
– No more than 3 with slickline.

– No more than 60 feet lifted from the floor.
– Use only the special maintenance tools for it.
– Proper torque is 500 lbft.
s. 7 - p. 125/136

EQPT. – Quick Unions
• The ring makes the seal, OTIS

NOT the thread.
BOWEN
• Named by Elmar as E01, 02…, B01,
02…, etc..
• The full denomination means…:
– 5KWP – H2S - 3”ID
– BOWEN 4 3/4” - 4 ACME - (3.750”)
ELMAR 6 1/8” - 4x2 ACME - (4.750”)
This is indicating a double entry thread. DL or

4x2 may be used.
s. 7 - p. 120/124
EQPT. – Bowen Quick Unions
Elmar Thread Seal Nomin BU-

BU- BU-
BU-Ring
Code Size TPI Diam.
Diam. al OD WP Service O-Ring Ring Retainer Comments
B01 4 3/4 4 3 3/4 3 5K H2S L-870470 N/A N/A
B02 6 5/16 4 4 3/8 3 10K H2S L-870520 L-873700 N/A
B03 6 5/16 4 3 3/4 2.5 15K H2S L-870470 L-974535 L-873170
B04 5 1/2 4x2 4 3/8 3 5K H2S L-870520 N/A N/A
B06 7 5 4.375 3 15K H2S L-870520 L-974603 L-873260
B07 8 1/4 4x2 6 4 10K H2S L-870690 L-875340 N/A
B08 7 5 5.25 4 5K H2S L-875560 N/A N/A
B09 8 1/4 4x2 6 3/4 5.5 5K H2S L-870850 N/A N/A
B10 9 5/32 4x2 6 3/4 5.5 10K H2S L-870850 L-876160 N/A
B11 9 7/8 4x2 8 6.38 5K H2S L-873120 N/A N/A
B12 4 3/4 4 3 3/4 3 10K STD L-870470 L-873660 N/A
B13 5 1/2 4x2 4 3/8 3 10K STD L-870520 L-873700 N/A
B14 4 1/16 4 3 2 5K H2S L-870430 N/A N/A
B15 10 5/8 4 7 1/2 5.63 10K H2S L-870720 L-870021 N/A
B16 4 1/2 4 3 2 10K H2S L-870430 L-873630 N/A
B17 8 7/8 4x2 6 1/2 5 10K STD L-873280 L-875540 N/A
B18 13 4 9.5 7.06 10K H2S L-874008 L-874009 N/A
B19 8 7/8 4x2 5 1/2 4 15K H2S L-873270 L-980815 L-871029
B20 6 4x2 4.875 3.38 5K H2S L-870550 N/A N/A
BN227/28 BN46380/1
B21 12 2 7.5 5.125 20K H2S L-870720 5 15 12”-2 ACME Stub
B22 8 3/4 4 6 1/2 5 10K H2S L-873280 N/A N/A
B23 7 5 4.75 3 10K H2S L-870540 L-873720 N/A
B24 8 1/4 4 6 5/8 5.125 10K H2S L-871130 L-873860 N/A

EQPT. – Bowen Quick Unions
BU-
BU-Ring
Elmar Thread Seal Nomin BU-
BU- Retain
Code Size TPI Diam..
Diam al OD WP Service O-Ring Ring er
O01 5 4 3 1/2 3 5K STD L-870310 N/A N/A
O02 5 3/4 4 4 3 10K H2S L-870490 L-873680 N/A
O03 6 1/4 4 4 2.5 15K H2S L-870490 L-974353 L-873260
O04 6 1/2 4 4 3/4 4 10K STD L-870540 L-873720 N/A
O05 6 1/2 4 5 1/5 4 5K STD L-873140 N/A N/A
O06 7 1/2 4 5 1/2 3 15K H2S L-870580 L-974602 L-876260
O07 8 1/4 4 6 1/5 5 5K H2S L-870710 N/A N/A
O08 8 3/8 4 5 1/4 4 10K H2S L-875560 L-875570 N/A
O09 8 3/4 4 7 1/2 6.38 5K STD L-870720 N/A N/A
O10 9 4 6 3/4 5 10K H2S L-870850 L-876160 N/A
O11 9 1/2 4 6 1/4 4 15K H2S L-872560 L-977411 L-871005
O12 9 1/2 4 8 6.38 5K H2S L-873120 N/A N/A
O13 11 1/2 4 8 1/4 6.38 10K H2S L-876060 L-876070 N/A
O14 12 4 10 1/3 9 5K H2S L-872440 N/A N/A
O15 12 1/4 4 7 5 15K H2S L-875810 L-982000 L-873150
O16 5 4 3 1/2 3 5K H2S L-870310 N/A N/A
O17 6 1/2 4 4 3/4 4 5K H2S L-870540 N/A N/A
O18 7 1/2 4 5 1/2 4.5 10K H2S L-870580 L-873760 N/A
O19 6 1/2 4 4 3/4 3 10K H2S L-870540 L-873720 N/A
O20 5 4 3 1/2 2.5 15K STD L-870460 L-976083 L-875640
O21 5 4 3 1/2 3 10K STD L-870310 L-873570 N/A
O22 8 1/4 4 6 1/5 5.12 10K H2S L-870710 L-875001 N/A
O23 6 4 4 7/8 4 5K H2S L-870550 N/A N/A
O24 9 1/2 4 7 1/4 5.5 10K H2S
O25 9 1/2 4x2 7 1/2 6.38 10K H2S L-870720 L-870021 N/A
Quick Unions – Elmar type
Elmar Thread Seal Nominal BU-

BU-Ring
Code Size TPI Diam.
Diam. OD WP Service O-Ring BU-
BU-Ring Retainer Comments
E01 5 1/2 4 3 1/2 2.50 15K H2S L-870460 L-979800 L-870137 Peco
E02 19 4 10 5/6 7.06 15K (HT) H2S L-874013 L-980072 L-875042 Shearwater
E03 8 3/4 4 5 3.00 15K (HT) H2S L-872190 L-980160 L-870165 Shearwater
Obsolete SLIMLINE - 5 1/2" 17# P-110 Body - 5

1/2-8 ACME Stub – Downrated to 3K WP in
E04 6 3/4 4 5 3/8 4.892 5K STD L-870610 N/A N/A some companies
Obsolete SLIMLINE - 7 5/8" 33.7# P-110 Body -

7 5/8-8 ACME Stub – Downrated to 3K WP in
E05 9 4 7 1/2 6.765 5K STD L-870660 N/A N/A some companies
Lightweigth Union – NON PREFERRED as it is

E06 4 3/4 4 3 3/4 3 10K H2S L-870470 L-873660 N/A compatible with B01 rated 5K. Use E09
SLIMLINE - 7 5/8" 33.7# P-110 Body - 7 9/16-5

E07 8 1/2 4 7 1/4 6.765 3K STD L-870840 N/A N/A ACME Stub machined OD
E08 8 3/4 4 6 1/2 5 10K H2S L-870630 L-873790 N/A Hydrolex
E09 4 3/4 4x2 3 3/4 3 10K H2S L-870470 L-873660 N/A 3" ID Lighweight Union - PREFERRED
E12 6 1/8 4x2 4 3/4 4.06 10K H2S L-870540 L-873720 N/A 4.06" Lighweight Union
E13 3 3/4 8 2 1/2 - 10K H2S L-875630 L-872700 N/A TC/BCV Connection
E14 9 4 7 1/2 6.62 5K H2S L-870660 N/A N/A SLIMLINE
E21 9 3/8 4 7 3/4 6.67 5K H2S L-870006 N/A N/A SLIMLITE 7 5/8” OD
E22 6 7/8 4 5 5/8 4.892 5K H2S L-870590 N/A N/A SLIMLITE 5 1/2” OD
E25 8 1/2 4 7 1/4 6.765 3K H2S L-870840 N/A N/A SLIMLINE HX
E28 11 1/4 4 9 4/9 8.5 5K STD L-870306 N/A N/A SLIMLINE HX (Same as H06)
L- L-
E30 9 1/2 4 5 1/2 4.06 20K H2S 8701008706 9701008692 L-871029 New 20K Quick Union based on O11
E31 6 1/2 4 5 5/8 4.892 3K H2S L-870590 N/A N/A 4.892” ID FFP 3K H2S
E32 7 7/8 4x2 6 1/8 5.125 10K H2S L-873040 L-872080 N/A 5 1/8” Ligero
E33 8 4 6 4/5 6.36 3K H2S L-872450 N/A N/A 6.36" ID FFP 3K H2S
E35 7 4/5 4 6 5/6 6.456 2K H2S L-870650 N/A N/A 6.456" ID FFP 2K H2S
s. 7 - p. 120/124

EQPT. - Tool Catcher
• Catches the tool with no

hydraulic pressure applied.
• ELMAR: Multicatch from 1” to 1
3/4”, and 1 3/16” a 2 5/16”.
• ELMAR: Allows quick change
from slickline operations to
wireline.
• ELMAR: Up to a 1 1/2” head
can be threaded through it.
• Combined with a Ball Check
Valve.
• The Ball Check Valve acts
when the cable is lost.
Multicatch Single Size

s. 7 - p. 137/152
s. 7 - p. 137/152

s. 7 - p. 137/152
Eqpt. – Ball Check Valve
Ball Check Valve

When the weak point breaks, the
cable is blown out of the well.
When moving out of the Tool
Catcher, the flow pushes the ball
blocking the communication
between the well and the
atmosphere.
s. 7 - p. 67/69
|< < > >|

The ELMAR quick union allows

to change from slickline to
wireline without cutting and
rebuilding of heads.
By removing the 2 inner sleeves,
a head up to 1 ½” can be
threaded from the top of the
Tool Catcher.
s. 7 - p. 137/152
7/8”
1.0”
1 3/16”
1 3/8”
1 3/4”
2 5/16”
s. 7 - p. 139

EQPT. – Grease Tubes
Concentric flow tube

14” long
Flow tube insert

Grease layer
Cable
Insert. The
cable goes
through it
BCV
s. 7 - p. 204/222
TC
WHP
To the Atmospheric (P)
Atmosphere Pressure 1,2 x P
Grease Return
G
re
1 Concentric tube each: as
- 2000 psi oil e
Fl
- 1500 psi gas ow
Starting at MEWHP + 20%
Grease Injection
1 tube between injection

ow
and the well

Fl
e
as
re
G
Well BCV
MEWHP
TC
s. 7 - p. 204/222

•Inserts ID must be between 0.003” and 0.008” larger than the cable OD.
•The older, more worn inserts must go farther from the well.
•Injection is always one tube above the well.
•With gas, 2 injections (above tube 1 and tube 2) might be necessary. The injections
must come from different pumps.
•Always a check valve at the injection point.
•If the inserts are worn out, more of them have to used and more grease has to be
injected in order to achieve seal. Above a certain wearing, no seal will be achieved.
•If there is no pressure at the well head, grease has to be injected to lubricate tubes
and cable.
MEWHP (psi) upto
Dp/t 2000 1500
Tubes OIL GAS
3 3333 2500
4 5000 3750
5 6667 5000
6 8333 6250 Single Injection one tube
7 8333 7500 above the well
Double Injection above tubes
8 10000 7500
1 and 2
9 11667 8750
10 12500 10000
11 11250
12 12500
s. 7 - p. 204/222
EQPT. – Enviro Stuffing Box
By placing the Line Wiper BELOW Hydraulic

connection
the Stuffing Box, only one hose is
for Stuffing-
needed for both the grease from Box
the wiper and the return.
Stuffing-Box
(3,000 psi hydr.
Maximum 5,000 psi)
Line Wiper
(300-900 psi hydr.
Maximum 3,000 psi)
VERIFY THAT THE CONNECTIONS

FOR THE STUFFING BOX AND THE Hydraulic
LINE WIPER ARE THE RIGHT ONES. connection
for Line
Wiper
Single Grease
Outlet
s. 7 - p. 223/241

EQPT. - Stuffing Box
The Stuffing Box makes a

continuous seal around the cable if
the grease seal is lost. Never
operate on a moving cable. When
opening, always go down a few
feet, to verify that the cable is free.
It may take more than 30 seconds
to open.
Grease
cleaned by
the Line Stuffing Box: Operates up to 5,000
Wiper. psi of hydraulic, use at 3,000 psi.
Hydraulic
Line Wiper: Operates up to 3,000
pressure psi of hydraulic, , use between 300
to close Grease to 900 psi.
return
s. 7 - p. 223/241
EQPT. – Line wiper
Line Wiper Bell / Regal
•Lower thread is 2” Line Pipe

•Whilst the body is built for a WP of 5,000 psi,
not to be used to retain pressure.
•The hydraulic line may be operated up to
3,000 psi. However, it should clean the cable
between 300 and 900 psi.
•Must be closed slowly until the cable comes
up clean.
•With proper adapters, can be used as
pressure control in back-off, pipe recovery,
tubing cutters, or tubing correlations.
s. 7 - p. 223/241

Eqpt. – SB and LW
Old Type Enviro Type

SB-LW SB-LW
Line Wiper
Stuffing-Box
Line Wiper Line Wiper

Return
Stuffing-Box
Stuffing-Box Stuffing-Box
Grease return Grease return
s. 7 - p. 223/241
Eqpt. – SL Stuffing Box
• To seal Slickline (single wires of

0.082”, 0.092”, 0.108” and 0.125) a
Stuffing-Off is used.
• Sealing is done through a
compressed rubber gasket (up to
10K) or with a grease seal (15K)
• The mounted Sheave Wheel is 16”
s. 7 - p. 173/204

EQPT. - Greases
• They produce the sealing between the cable and the flow tubes.
• They lubricate the cable – Take the H2S inhibitors.
• They are polibutene greases.
• Viscosity from 3,000 to 25,000 cps. Optimal is 10,000 cps at usage temperature.
• Low Toxicity - Biodegradable - Inert - Insoluble with well fluids
• Chevron Altavis, BP Hyvis, Caltex LDS Special, Oil Center Research Liquid-O-Ring 780,
Champion Polibutene Multigrade (GB), Elmar Seal (Polibutene and OCR) are the most common
brands.
s. 7 - p. 242/247
EQPT. – Hoses
High Pressure Grease (10,000 psi) Hydraulic Control (5,000 psi)

Stuffing Box. Closes with pressure. 3,000 to
operate, 5,000 max.
NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
Grease Return: Must be tied to Line Wiper: 300 to 900 psi to clean. 3,000 max.
a solid part, and have a valve
and a T at its end. It may take
the grease from the line wiper
through a check valve.
Tool Catcher. Releases the tool with pressure

applied (1,200 psi)
Grease Injection to the flow tubes: From the
Grease pump, must have a check valve at the
injection pump.
Tool Trap (1,200 psi):
•Top: opens
•Down: closes
Glycol / Grease Injection to the WLV: Done WLV: Connect before the job and test.
through the manifold ports, with a check valve Operates with 1,200 psi.
each. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE

10K PRESSURE CONTROL
SCHOOL
Part 2
Contents – Part 2
• Hydraulic Panel and Grease • Abnormal Operations:

– Hoses – Seal loss
– Hoses - Connections
– Loose Strand
– Control Panel
• Maintenance – Cable knot
– Level I, II, and III – Hydrate Formation
• Pressure Test - Base – Broken O-ring
• Pressure Test - Field – Tool stuck
• Seals - Threads
– Stuck at surface
• Field Operations:
– Broken weak Point
– Job planning.
– Job execution. – Cased Hole Fishing
• Final Test (80%)

EQPT. – Hoses
High Pressure Grease (10,000 psi) Hydraulic Control (5,000 psi)
Stuffing Box. Closes with pressure. 3,000 to
operate, 5,000 max.
NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
Grease Return: Must be tied to Line Wiper: 300 to 900 psi to clean. 3,000 max.
a solid part, and have a valve
and a T at its end. It may take
the grease from the line wiper
through a check valve.
Tool Catcher. Releases the tool with pressure

applied (1,200 psi)
Grease Injection to the flow tubes: From the
Grease pump, must have a check valve at the
injection pump.
Tool Trap (1,200 psi):
•Top: opens
•Down: closes
Glycol / Grease Injection to the WLV: Done WLV: Connect before the job and test.
through the manifold ports, with a check valve Operates with 1,200 psi.
each. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
Hydraulic Panel and Grease
• It provides the grease pressure

necessary for the seal.
• It provides hydraulic pressure for the
operation of the equipment parts.
• It has two hydraulic manual pumps, a
3,000 psi one and a High Pressure
one.
s. 8 - p. 1/81

Hydraulic Panel and Grease
• Connect all the hoses to the equipment. Pull them out of the reels or uncoil
as the lubricator rises according to the operation.
• Once the equipment is setup at the wellhead, check the connections, and
leave out of reels the amount needed to operate comfortably.
• Verify the level of the grease, hydraulic oil, drain the water separator, and
verify the level of both lubricators in the air circuit.
• With all knobs in the off position, switches closed, and air regulators fully
turned to the left, apply air pressure (120 psi).
• Adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system to 2,000 / 3,000 psi (with all
closed) and fill up the accumulator.
• Adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system to 1,200 / 1,800 psi. The
equipment is now ready to operate.
• The air supply should be 120 psi, at least 100 cfm.
s. 8 - p. 1/81
Hoses
•Line Wiper – Stuffing Box – •Tool Trap – Upper WLV.

Tool Catcher. •Middle and bottom WLV.
3 hoses of 120’ (36.5 mtrs.) in 2 hoses of 75’ (22.8 mtrs) in
each reel, WP 5,000 psi. each reel, WP 5,000 psi
NEVER TURN THE

HOSE REEL IF
THERE IS PRESSURE
APPLIED.
•Grease Return. •Grease Injection to WLV

•Grease Injection. manifold.
1 hose of 120’ (36.5 mtrs.) in 1 hose of 75’ (22.8 mtrs) in each
each reel, WP 10,000 psi. reel, WP 10,000 psi
s. 8 - p. 58/60

Hoses - Connections
• Greases injection and return hoses are

connected with Ultra CPI connectors (also
called Huber), linked to the hose through a ½“
NPT thread. The size of the connector is the
size of the NPT thread in its back.
• If the return hose it is not incorporated to the
Oring Seal
Elmar module, it must be finished with a valve
Thread Seal
and a T, as well as being chained to a solid part
of the wellhead/rig.
s. 8 - p. 61/64
Control Panel
Grease Hydraulic
Side Side
s. 8 - p. 12/55

Control Panel - Adjustments
Open in a Pump the least
normal necessary to get the
operation cable clean. Maximum
3,000 psi, should
operate between 300 psi
and 900 psi
Pump to achieve seal.
Maximum 5,000 psi,
At least should operate at 3,000
well head psi
pressure
Valve to prime the lines.
plus 20%
CLOSE after setting.
Adjustment
3,000 psi 6K / 10K psi

Hand Pump Hand Pump
1,200 / 1,800 psi

120 psi Adjustment
2,000 / 3,000 psi
s. 8 - p. 12/55
Control Panel - Precautions

• Do not turn the hose reels with pressure in the hoses. The seal at the shaft
will break.
• Ensure a continuous air supply. No air, no seal.
• Never leave the caps of the reservoirs (grease and hydraulic) open. Water
will enter and move to the bottom of the tank, and will be the first to be
pumped into the grease / hydraulic circuit.
• When operating the hand pumps, remember that the WP of the hydraulic
hoses is 5,000 psi. and the High Pressure hand pump can deliver up to
6,000 or 10,000 psi.
s. 8 - p. 12/55

Maintenance - Levels
• Level 1 (Before/After each job)
– Cleaning and inspection: Rams, WLV Cylinders, Seals, pins and boxes, Valves.
– Lubrication and assembly.
– Operational test and pressure test at WP.
– Check slings and shackles.
• Level 2 (At least yearly)
– Total disassembly and cleaning.
– Replacement of all seals, gaskets, and any part that looks worn out
– Greasing and assembly. Operational test.
– Pressure Test at TP (3 mins. and 15 mins.). Dynamic seals tested at WP during 5 mins.
• Level 3 (At least every 5 years). Major recertification.
– Total disassembly and cleaning.
– Non Destructive Tests (NDT): Penetrating paints / Magnaflux / Dimensional.
– Level 2 maintenance
For any part, a repair kit comes ready with all needed seals and gaskets. To order, use the
part number (i.e. L-972608, triple WLV) followed by the letter K (for Kit). By asking for L-
972608K you’ll receive a bag full with all the needed material to replace every single seal
when performing maintenance 2 or 3.
Maintenance – Aux. Equipment

Test Plug 7/32-3/16 SB 7/32-3/16 SB
Test Plug Test Rod
L-971281 L-972242
SB Test Plug
L-972410
Enviro
Pl. L-972201
Sp. L-972241
Test Cap
BCV Test Plug
L-971669

Pressure Test - Base
API 6A recommendation (previous)
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP

Pressure testing at TP is one of the critical procedures to ensure proper function of the
equipment at WP, as required by L2-L3 maintenance.
Pressure test at TP is to be performed at least once a year, although it can be often
than that if it is a demanding operation on the equipment.
Minimum equipment needed (desirable) for pressure testing is:
– Pressure Test Bay closed to people at the moment of

the test with proper stands (crane, remote monitoring,
video recording and pressure relief door).
– Pressure Test Unit (PTU) rated to 20K or 30K with
gauge. Chart or digital recorder with less than a year
calibration (remote shut down connected to the bay
door).
– Air gun-rags to dry up the equipment prior to testing.
– Test plug and cap. One of them connected to the
pressure line of the test pump, the other with a
needle valve installed.
– Equipment’s individual test plugs, spacers and rods to
replace rubber packings in stuffing boxes and line
wipers or individual parts that require so.
– Oil-water drainage facilities.

Any amount of pieces can be pressure tested together, as long as they are stress free.
X X X X
OK OK OK
• Setup the parts stress free. Pump In Sub at the center to

evacuate the air and to fill up from the water tap.
• Before testing pressure up both test caps together up to
the TP to ensure the integrity of the test system.
• One end cap connected to the PTU, the other end cap
with a drain valve.
• After all the set is full with water and free of air, pressure
test all the lubes in the set 3 +15 mins at TP.

Next pressure test anything that is not a BOP. Leave the inserts inside the HGT.
• Void the BCV with a strand, leave the grease injection open, and place a valve at
the grease return. Install SB Plug and LW Spacer inside the Enviro SB
• Fill up with water through the Pump In Sub and evacuate all air. Then close all
caps –leave only the grease injection port open- and the SB valve. Now pressure
test 3 +15 mins. at TP. Once is all done, pressure test again the grease head
3+15 mins WITHOUT the HGT Inserts.
• Then ,make the operational test for the SB rubber with the appropriate rod at WP
for 5 mins.

• BOP is left for last. To pressure
test the BOP you must look for:
- BOP rams open
- Safety locks open at all times
- All manifold valves open
- Blind plugs in all manifold ports,
unless it’s fitted with a check valve,
in which case stays open.
• Pressure test 3 + 15 mins at TP. If

the cartridge valves at the manifold
are leaking, drain the pressure and
adjust the valve’s packing without
disassembling the valve. Then test
again.
• Once the test is done, drain the
pressure and open all blind plugs.
• Next, the rams are to be tested at
WP for 5 mins.

BOP rams pressure test: 5 mins at WP.
For single BOP, For double BOP,

feed the water feed the water
through the bottom, through the
and ensure the test manifold between
rod is TOPPING both rams.
against the rams

BOP rams pressure test: 5 mins at WP. For triple BOP, Two tests
at WP are needed.
• Feed the water through
the manifold between
rams 2-3.
• Pressure test rams 1-3.
• Drain the pressure.
• Open ram 1, close ram 2.
• Pressure test rams 2-3.
• Drain the pressure.
• Open all the rams.

• BOP manifold valves: 5 mins at WP. As manifolds in BOP change through
different brands and models, a specific test has to be designed for each
one. The test has to ensure that ALL the valves, at one time or another
were closed and the pressure applied to them did not go through.
• This might need several
applications of pressure, to test all
the different sets of valves 5 mins.
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
However, during the ram pressure
testing some of the valves may be
tested as well, reducing the
amount of work for later.
• Once done, close with greased up
blind plugs all ½” NPT connection
ports to protect from corrosion.

Pressure Test - Base
Precautions:
• Hoses and fittings pressure
tested at 1.5 x WP.
• Use a proper pressure bay or
area, closed to people at the 5
moment of the test.

• Use only water, glycol,
water/glycol. Barton S/N
Date of last Barton
5
• Ensure that all the air has been calibration
evacuated from the equipment

before applying the Test
Pressure (TP).
• Ensure there are NO mechanical
stress applied to the equipment
under testing.
• TP can only be applied at the
moment of the pressure test, in
the pressure test bay.
Pressure Test- Field

• Equipment is to be always tested before opening the well.
• In all cases, pressure should hold with the pressure pump
stopped.
• Dump all pressure before attempting to repair a leak.
• There no small or big leaks. There are NO leaks.
• Always test with the tool in the tool catcher, to avoid damaging
the cable.
• Mount the WLV at the well head, close the Rams on the test rod.
• Test its Rams with the rod, at the MEWHP plus 20% during 5
minutes.
• Close down the lubricator, get the tool in the catcher. No pressure
applied to injection hose, return hose valves open.
• Start filling up the equipment with water. When water comes out
of the Stuffing Box, stop the filling.
s. 10 - p. 12/14

Pressure Test - Field
• Close SB and return line valve. Pressure up to whatever the cable
allows (usualy less than 1,500 psi).
• Bleed-off pressure, open valve and SB.
• Start the grease injection. It will go up to 20% above the pressure
that is used to test the equipment at the field.
• Rise the water pressure up to the Maximum Expected Well Head
Pressure plus 20% during 5 minutes. Follow the water pressure with
the grease pressure.
• Hold it with a stopped pump during at least 5 minutes, or the time
the client asks if it is more.
• Bleed-off pressure in the riser a bit above the WHP.
• Open the well counting the turns of the crown valve.
• Release the tool from the Catcher.
• Open the Tool Trap and run into the hole.
s. 10 - p. 12/14
Pressure Test - Field

PRECAUTIONS:
– Test only with water, glycol.
– Never use diesel, fuel or gases.
– Preferably not to use drilling fluids.
– If methanol is at the location, precaution for toxicity and flammability must be
taken.
– If the client does not want to test at 1.2 x MEWHP, then test at least at WHP.
– Never use high volume pumps (such as the mud pump). In just one stroke it may
exceed the WP of the equipment.
– Bleed-off all pressure before attempting any leak repair.
s. 10 - p. 12/14

Seals - Orings
Oring: Used mostly between static pieces, seals pressure in
both direction. If it has a backup ring or an anti-extrusion ring,
then in only one direction. Web Links:
http://www.allorings.com
l
no
ne
tha
ol
lue
yc
Me
To
Gl
Mat. Gas
Nitrile - OK OK No
Viton + OK No OK
Kalrez ++ OK No OK
s. 9 - p. 1/26
Seals – Other seals
Power Seal: Metallic seal with

a plastic cover. Can take drag Metal-metal: Uses the elastic deformation of
in only one direction whilst metal when pressing two surfaces together..
holding pressure.
V- Seal: Can stand drag in both

directions when holding
pressure.
Premium Seals: It’s the combination of a metal-

metal seal backed up with an oring.
s. 9 - p. 1/26

Seals - Threads
Sealing thread with shoulder Sealing thread (NPT)

FEMALE
F less than 0,1 mm
MALE 2 turns of teflon,

maximum 3.
The thread has full

CAPS excursion from
beginning to end,
no decay over the
end.
Should go 7 turns,
Metal to metal sealing the first 4 easy, the
(Autoclave) last 3 harder.
GOOD
7 THREADS WITH FULL

BAD EXCURSION
LESS THAN 7
THREADS
FEMALE MALE
DO NOT USE TEFLON IN

AUTOCLAVE THREADS
s. 9 - p. 1/26
Field Operations – Job Planning
• Well Head Type: Flange, threaded or special connection.

– Flange: Nominal Size, WP, ring gasket.
– Threaded connection: Type, size.
• Maximum Expected WHP / Fluid Type / H2S:
– Working Pressure and eqpt. Service.
– Define number of flow tubes.
– Tool weight as value on table page 29 plus 50/100 lbs.
– Overall tool length: Tool length plus the needed weight bars,
accessories and head.
– Quantity of Lubricators: at least tool length plus 3 feet
– Size of Tool-Catcher: equal to the Tool’s Fishing Neck.
– Minimum well ID / Maximum swell guns OD.
• Temperature.
– Type of cable (temperature and service)
– Tool Ratings.
• Depth / Well Deviation Profile. :
– Selection of weak point and safe / maximum cable pull.
– Tool centralization / Well geometry.
s. 10 - p. 1/3

Field Operations – Push on cable
Necessary force to
balance the well
pressure according
to the cable in use.
Add 50-100 lbs. to
the table value to
ensure the tool will
move down.
0.188 3/16”
0.219” 7/32”
0.250 ¼”
0.313” 5/16”
0.375” 3/8”
0.438” 7/16”
0.469” 15/32”
0.592” 9/16”
s. 10 - p. 3
Field Operations
|< < > >|

Field Operations
|< < > >|
Field Operations
s. 10 - p. 7/25

Field Operations
s. 10 - p. 7/25
Field Operations
s. 10 - p. 7/25

Field Operations
Before the operation starts, make

sure you know:
•Maximum safe pull.

•Pull to break the weak point.
•Well Geometry
•Depths where there are
restrictions.
•Maximum depth.
Remember that the maximum safe

pull gets smaller as we approach
surface.
s. 10 - p. 7/25
Field Operations
Watch the lever of the Tool Trap
Pull the cable down until you

feel is caught in the Catcher
s. 10 - p. 7/25

Abnormal Operations
•Loss of seal
•Stranded Cable
•Hydrates – Freeze up.
•Knot in cable – Cutting the cable with the tool in the well.
•Broken Oring.
•Tool Stuck.
•Broken Weak Point.
•Fishing under pressure
In any event, you must have your plan in place and ready BEFORE proceeding.
You have to know exactly all the steps to follow and contingencies (response to
an unexpected event) from beginning to end, PRIOR to start working with the
cable or the equipment.
Seal Loss
1 7
As immediate action when the seal is lost:
• 1- Reduce the cable speed and stop. 3 6
• 2- Apply more grease pressure.
• 3- Close the stuffing box and see that grease is pouring out of
the return line. Verify for the situations described above. 2
• 4- Close the return line and keep pumping grease.
Troubleshoot, and once you’ve recovered grease seal:
• 5- Open the return line.
• 6- Open the stuffing box.
• 7- Wait at least 40 seconds, go down a few feet to ensure the
cable is free, proceed with the operation.
4
5
s. 11 - p. 1/3

Seal Loss
• The flow tubes are no longer holding the well pressure, and a leak
starts through the top of the equipment. If the leak stops, this may
be not because the seal was regained, but because hydrates
appeared and froze up the flow tubes. The cable can get stuck
with this. Ensure the cable is free and with grease seal before
continuing the operation.
• The more common causes and their solutions for seal loss are:
– Excessive cable speed: Reduce the speed, stop the cable, increase
the grease pressure.
– Worn out flow tubes: Reduce the cable speed, increase the grease
pressure. Report the problem and change the flow tubes.
– Grease pump malfunction: Use the other pump of the panel. Fix the
first one ASAP.
– Inadequate grease viscosity: Choose the right grease for the location
temperature.
s. 11 - p. 1/3
Seal Loss
– Low Pressure for grease injection: Check the grease level in the tank. Check the
air pressure.
– No grease in the tank: Fill it up.
– Water in the grease tank: With a hose, drain the water that is in the bottom of the
tank.
– Clogged hoses: Close the WLV, disconnect the hoses, pump them ot until grease
flows freely. Be aware of accumulated pressure.
s. 11 - p. 1/3

Cables sizes
Some cables sizes are specified as an APPROXIMATE number. Measure or
look into the actual specifications before ordering flow-tubes.
p.e. 7/32” = 0.219”

CAMESA INC 7/32” 1K22:
(www.camesainc.com)
Rochester Cables
(www.rochestercables.com)
WirelineWorks
(www.wirelineworks.com)
Hydrate Formation
• The appear in gas wells, when grease seal is lost, or the gas expands after going
through small diameter holes (manifold / grease tubes).
• The factors that lead to freezing are:
– gas
– decompression
– water
• They are formed due to the freezing of the well’s water, which provides support to
the gas to build-up an ice plug.
• To avoid it, keep a good grease seal. Do the pressure test with Glycol, so there will
be no water into the system.
• Once frozen, the ice can be melted through Glycol injection. This can be done
through the WLV or an extra injection port in the flow tubes. Methanol is considered
more efficient for melting ice plugs.
• Methanol’s flammability and toxicity ask for some precaution when using it.
• Glycol can be injected through the operation to bind with water and prevent its
freezing.
• Anoter source of hydrates is condensate gas. Methanol is pumped into the well to
lower its freezing point 10 to 20 DEGF.
s. 11 - p. 11/12

Stranded Cable
• The tension increases without apparent reason, or it keeps
jumping between a high and a low value.
• The lower sheave wheel moves up and down.
• Eventually, the missing strand becomes evident at the drum.
• Stop the cable. Move the cable down a little to ensure it is not
stuck at the flow tubes. To know this is very important, as we
do not want the cable stuck in the flow tubes when opening the
lubricator (the cable is locked by the WLV).
• Close the WLV according procedure.
s. 11 - p. 3/4
Stranded Cable
• Loosen up the cable, open the lubricator, It is not
necessary to lay it on the floor.
• Install the cable clamp.
• Release cable and pull backwards to take the knot off
the lubricator.
• Cut the strands until the knotted strand is gone. USE
SAFETY GOGGLES.
• Sharpen the tip of the strand, glue to the cable.
• Pull the cable and close the lubricator.
• The cable cannot be used any more.
To glue the cable use Loctite 493, 495 or

496.
s. 11 - p. 3/4

Cable Knot
• Proceed as in a loose strand until opening the
lubricator.
• Pull the cable backwards, verify the damage.
See if it can be fixed without cutting the cable.
If the extension of the damage makes
necessary to cut it, the lubricator will have to be
laid down.
s. 11 - p. 5
Cable Knot
• With the lubricator on the floor, cut the
cable as high as possible, taking care
that the cut length is larger than the
flow tubes.
• Separate the riser from the flow
tubes.
• Thread the cable through the lower

end of the flow tubes.
s. 11 - p. 5

Cable Knot
• Make a knot with the cable coming

from the sheave wheel.
• Rig up the flow tubes above the
WLV.
Verify that the knot

Force Line goes through the
sheave wheel!!
Fishing Knot
Leave 4’ in each
side of the knot.
Cover the ends with
tape.
s. 11 - p. 5
Cable Knot
• Tighten up the cable, open the WLV

according procedure, spool cable back until
the knot has gone through the sheave
wheels.
• Close the WLV again according procedure.
• Release cable, disconnect the flow tubes,
undo the knot and un thread the cable from
the flow tubes.
s. 11 - p. 5

Cable Knot
• Now thread the cable through the
lubricators and the flow tubes. Make the
fishing knot again.
• Taking care of not damaging the cable, rig
up the lubricators and the flow tubes.
s. 11 - p. 5
Cable Knot
• With lubricator and flow tubes rigged up, and
the cable knotted, pull the cable and open the
WLV according procedure.
• Spool back the cable slowly until the knot
reaches the cable drum.
• Take care when getting the knot through the
depth measurement system.
• Pull the tool out of the hole, change the cable.
s. 11 - p. 5

Broken O-ring
• If an oring breaks, has to be replaced by another similar
one, without pulling the tool out of the hole.
• Clean perfectly the zone where the oring is going to be
replaced.
• Oring must be cut in diagonal, glued back together after
getting inside its groove.
• Has to be glued with Loctite.
s. 11 - p. 13
Stuck Tool
Verify whether it is at bottom or at surface.
• If when pulling, tension increases rapidly, then it is at surface.

• If when pulling tension increases slowly (like 100 lbs. every foot), then is stuck at
bottom.
• Do not play with the cable, it will fatigue the weak point.
• Verify if it is stuck only on the way up, or both ways.
• Verify that the cable is not broken.
• Verify that there is a substantial grease provision. The operation may last several
days.

Stuck at Bottom
• Verify whether the tool is stuck (up and down) or just blocked
(way up).
• Calculate the Maximum Safe Pull and Breaking Pull.
• Make 2-3 tries pulling up to the Maximum Safe Pull.
• Never release below the cable weight, in order to avoid a
birdcage on the cable.
• Do not work the cable in order to prevent fatigue at the weak
point.
• Discuss with the client the several options to help to get the
tool free:
– Flow through different choke sizes.
– Pressurize annular
– Fluid injections (water, diesel, solvent, xylene, methanol)
Stuck at Bottom
• If you suspect debris locking up the tool, leave only the cable weight whilst flowing the well
• Once the client decides to break the Weak Point, get to the Breaking Pull in increments of 100
lbs.
• Once the Braking Operation started, there is no way back as the Weak Point has been worked
over, and it cannot be predicted at what strength may break later. Make the client aware of
that.
Normal +200 +400 +600 +800

Pull +1000

Stuck at Surface
• Find the cause:
– Freeze-up of the flow tubes
– Broken or damaged cable
– Open or birdcaged cable
– Debris or well materials: asphaltenes, tar, gun debris,
sand.
– Tool locked in the X-tree or WLV.
• Do not work the cable. In less tan a foot the breaking
strength can be reached.
• Close the WLV and find-out if it is free in the grease
tubes. To that the pressure inside the lube has to be
bled off.
• If it is not free inside the HGT, start taking them apart
from top to bottom (with no pressure inside the
lubes)
Stuck at Surface
•If it is free in the HGT, discuss with te client possible
causes:
– SSSV / X-Tree
– Well substances or materials.
•Ways to try to get free:
– Well injection or flow.
Whether you’re stuck at surface or bottom, if

nothing works and you cannot pull the weak point:
•To cut the cable with the Crown Valve, pull the cable
to the Breaking Pull, and close the Crown Valve..
•To cut the cable with a Cable Cutting Sub, close the
WLV, install the sub, pull normal tension to drop it. In
deviated wells you might need to release and increase
tension to work its way down.
•Provide the slick-line company with all the information
prior to the cable cut, and a sample of the used head.

Broken Weak Point
• Calculate at what depth the pressure will start to push the cable outside
the well:
– Depth [feet] = WHP [psi] divided two (2)
– Depth [meters] = WHP [psi] divided six (6)
• Leave the Line Wiper and Stuffing Box with no hydraulic pressure,
grease injection with the normal pressure
• Clear well head area from personnel
• When reaching that depth increase the speed until the cable moves
faster than the winch. Then stop the winch and wait for the cable to come
out.
• The Ball Valve will prevent the well fluids to go out. Now close the Crown
Valve.
Cased hole fishing
L1 L2 Provide to the fishing (slickline)

company the dimensions of the
head. A common type are the OTIS
fishing head of 1”, 1 3/16”, 1 3/8”
Body diameters Fishing Neck diameter
The OTIS fishing tools are:

Type R: Releases with up motion jar. It has a sleeve protecting the dogs.
Type B: Releases with down motion jar. Needs to be used if cable is on top of the fish,
as it has not a protecting sleeve above the dogs.
Type S: Releases with down motion jar. Allows to include a jar to work the tool free.
OTIS Retr. Mechanical Link-Jar Hydraulic Jar Weight

Tool Type
R-B-S

Cased hole fishing
Web References
• www.nov.com/elmar (Pressure control equipment – units)

– Product range – Wireline equipment catalog.
– Key contacts
• elmar-uk@nov.com / elmar-houston@nov.com / elmar-dubai@nov.com
• www.oilcenterresearch.com (grease)
– Products by industry -> Electric wireline -> Liquid-O-Ring range: 766 to 782. Check with OCR for
characteristics and suitability.
– Phone 337 - 993 – 3559.
• www.nov.com (slick line and other)
– Solutions > Downhole > Intervention & Completion Tools > Wireline Tools
• www.camesainc.com (WL cables)
• www.rochestercables.com (WL cables)
• www.wirelineworks.com (WL cables)

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10K PRESSURE CONTROL

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 1

I thank you for…

• Muting the cell phones…

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 2

• Introduction – Quick Test Sub

• Pressure – Grease tubes

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 3

• Hydraulic Panel and Grease • Abnormal Operations:

– Level I, II, and III – Broken O-ring

• Pressure Test - Base – Tool stuck

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 4

• Why do we need pressure control

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 5

Open Hole: Cased Hole:

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 6

Ph MORE THAN Pr Ph = 0 psi

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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 7

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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 8

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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 9

Grease head: Prevents the well

Control Module: Provides

WLV: Seals the well pressure over

Adapter: Connects the pressure

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 10

• Always use the Personal Protection Equipment.

SAFETY – Well setup

• H2S detectors to be placed downwind and at a

• Always a Tool Catcher or Tool Trap have to be always

H2S: Sour Gas – Hydrogen Sulphide

• Direct Risk: Poisoning

In high concentrations, a single breath may cause poisoning and death.

Protective gear (SCBA, umbilical) is mandatory ABOVE 10

Masks with air filters just won’t work...

• Effects on the equipment:

• The H2S effect is cumulative and

• Work and Test Pressure:

– Working Pressure (WP): That’s the maximum pressure never to be exceeded

– Service: It’s the ability of the equipment to withstand H2S (H2S-Acid-Sour-NACE

WP 10KPSI – TP 15KPSI – H2S - DY83-2

834 psi difference,

Well Head Pressure:

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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 19

• Wellhead Pressure and Maximum Potential:

WHP <= MEWHP <= MAOP <=WP

• At the wellsite, Working Pressure (WP) must never be exceeded. To that, a

3,000 psi WP Eqpt. 5,000 psi WP Eqpt. Some of the older

EQPT. - CH Eqpt. Pressures

• At the wellsite, Working Pressure (WP) must never be

5,000 psi WP Eqpt. 10,000 psi WP Eqpt. 15,000 psi WP Eqpt.

TP = 10,000 psi TP = 15,000 psi TP = 22,500 psi

Rubber seals: 3K and 5K Eqpt, overbalanced wells.

Standard 150,000 ppm

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 24

Seal on Cable MEWHP WP TP Pressure Source WL BOP SL BOP

WL Grease / SL 4166 5K 10K Reservoir Double Single

Double (no gas)

H2S in the well? H2S Service – No H2S at all? STD service

10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL FEB – 2013 / 25