WIRELINE (WELL SERVICING)

October 2022
1
Personal Introductions

 Name: Ahmed Abdel Mawla

 Work location/role: BAPETCO - Shell EG, Senior Completion & Well Servicing Engineer

 Experience/skill: BSc in Petroleum Engineering (Suez Canal University - Egypt)

Joined O&G in late 2012
Onshore & Off-Shore, Certified Well Engineering Supervisor by Shell

2
Course Agenda

◼ Wireline Introduction (Slickline & Braided Line) overview.

◼ Wireline Surface equipment.
◼ Wireline Pressure Control Equipment.
◼ Slickline tool string (Rope Socket, Swivels, Accelerators, Stem bars, Hydraulic and
Mechanical Jars, Knuckle joints, WL Quick locks, etc.).
◼ Slickline Downhole tools (Lock mandrels, Running/Pulling tools, Kickover tools, Gauge
cutters, Tubing swages, Tubing Broach, Wire Scratchers, Bailers, Tubing end locators,
Impression tools).
◼ Slickline operations (Pressure and Temperature Flow, Fluid Sampling, Sand Sampling, Depth
Measurement, Caliper Surveys, Chemical Injection Techniques, Sliding Sleeves, Plugs, Check
Valves, Subsurface Safety Valves (SSSVs), Fishing Techniques, Gauge Cutting (Scale and
Wax Removal), Bailing (Sand Deposit Removal), Gas Lift, S/L Thru Tubing Perforation).
◼ Wireline Emergency Control.
◼ Wireline Material Testing.

3
 1
Wireline Operations Overview

October 2022 4
Wireline During Well Phases

 Drilling phase: E-line

 Open hole logging, CBL and cased hole logging
 Completion phase:
Slickline/Braided Line/E-line
 Setting and retrieving plugs
 Perforating
 Interventions during Production phase: Slickline

 access to equipment.
 obtain data for reservoir management.
 well technical integrity.
 Setting and retrieving plugs
 What is Wireline?
 A method of introducing tools and equipment into a well on an uninterrupted length of
wire.

 Principle technique used during the producing phase of the well for:
 access to equipment.
 obtain data for reservoir management.
 well technical integrity.

 employed is a single strand termed "slickline“.

 "Braided wireline" is used for tasks, which require a greater pulling force, such as heavy
jarring operations.

 Tools or tasks that require an electric signal/supply or surface read out are run on "electric
wireline".

 Physical properties: Breaking strength, weight and ductility of the wireline.


 Wireline Operations
 Wireline types:
◼ Slickline or Solidline or Pianoline
◼ Braided Line
◼ E-line
 Wireline during drilling:
◼ Drilling BOP present
◼ Primary fluid barrier in place
 Wireline interventions:
◼ Life well

7
Wireline, Slickline, Braided Line and e-line
Braided Line Slickline
Multiple Lines Single Line

Current Yes (e-line, electric line) No

Operations Open Hole & Cased Hole Perforating & Interventions*
Logging*
Installed on Drilling BOP Christmas Tree*
Directly on Wellhead*
Primary Barrier … …

8
WL Applications
Reservoir Management
Well Integrity Management and Control • Pressure/temperature surveys
 Depth measurements • Flowing surveys
 Calliper surveys • Fluid sampling
 Chemical injection • Sand sampling
 Flow control • Slickline PLT
◼ shut off tools
◼ sliding sleeves Gas lift
• Removal and replacement of gas lift
Remedial and Improvement Activities valves by wireline methods.
• Fishing operations • Done without having to remove the
production string.
• Wax or scale cutting/cleaning • Coiled tubing may be used in highly
• Dump bailers deviated wells.
• Kickover tools used for installation of
• Pack off assemblies gas lift valves in side pocket mandrels.
• Packers 9
 Slickline

Most common slick wireline sizes in use are 0.082, 0.092, 0.108 and 0.125 inch diameter.
 Available in one-piece standard lengths ranging from 10,000 ft to 30,000 ft dependant on
wireline type and manufacturer

The most popular wireline material is Improved Plow Steel (IPS)

 High ultimate tensile strength
 Good ductility
 Relatively low cost
 Usually performs better than the more expensive special steel lines

In corrosive conditions, IPS must be used with an appropriate inhibitor.

 In "sweet wells“, the use of an inhibitor allows IPS to be used to run high loads and provides a
long service life.
 In "sour wells“, high loads may be run with inhibitor but service life is short.

Stainless steel wire, such as Supa 70 or 75, is recommended for use in sour wells.

10
Slickline Wireline Physical Properties

11
 Slickline Applications

• Wire selection depends on the severity of the operation load.

• It’s robust & versatile in service Mechanical application;
• Removal of well obstruction
• Repair mechanical failure
• Bringing other zones in-line
• Perforators
• Tubing Cutter
• Chemical Deployment Tools
• Explosive Jar etc
• Services Include: ,BHP Test, Wax Cutting , SCSSV Retrieval & Installation , Gaslift Valve Retrieval &
Installation , Zone Change , Fishing , Plugging & Unplugging , Completion .

12
Braided Line (Multi-Strand)
Multi-strands wire cable OD range from 3 ⁄16 ” , 7 ⁄32 ”, ¼” , 5 ⁄16” & ¾”

• Wire selection depends on the severity of the operation load required.

Application:

• Retrieval of downhole tools with slickline failure.

• Fishing job

13
Electricline (Conductor)

Multi-strands wire cable range from 3 ⁄16

” , 7 ⁄32 ”, ¼” & 5 ⁄16 ” , 7 ⁄16” & ¾” OD
with single or multiple conductors.

Application by running;
• Pressure & Temperature Recorder
• Electronic Logging Instrument for
open hole & cased hole.
• Coring Services
• Packer setting
• Perforations etc
14
 2
Wireline Basic Equipment

October 2022 15
 WL Equipment
Surface Unit Equipment
 W/L Unit (Winch c/w wire reel, Console, depth counter,
and weight indicator).
 Power Pack
 Hay Pulley and weight load cell.
 Portable hydraulic mast.
 Wireline
Pressure Control Equipment
 Stuffing box (or Grease Injection Head for Braided Line).
 Lubricators.
 Quick Test Sub.
 Wireline Blowout Preventer (BOP)
 Shear/Seal BOP.
 Wellhead adapter flange.
 Single Control Panel.

16
WL Basic Equipment

17
Slickline vs Braided Line

18
 Safety Checks:
• Flow Tube clearance (0.004 – 0.006)”.
• Grease injection & return lines are free.
Grease Injection Head (GIH) • Valid pressure test

Pressure containment is achieved by means of a

grease injection head. Grease Layer

The grease injection Consists of a controlled leak

system whereby the wire passes through a series
of two or more close tolerance flow-tubes with
grease filling the space between wire and tube.

19

19
 2.1
Wireline Surface Unit Equipment

October 2022 20
 Wireline Unit

• Single Drum or Dual Drum

• Skid Mounted / Containerized / Truck mounted Unit Containerised Unit
Component
• Operating Panel – Direction Lever, Brake, Hydraulic Valve, Gauges etc
• Measuring Device
• Weighing Device
• Level Wind
Purpose:
• Provide Wire Storage
• Provide Operating Console Safety Checks:
• Secure on ground or deck
• Earth to the ground
• Prolong jarring remove wire from Counter Assembly Dual Reel Unit
• Never allow overhead lifting across wireline

21
Wireline Units

22
 WL Unit
Component:

1. Drum
2. Martin Decker
3. Depth Indicator
4. Operator Console
a) Hydraulic Directional Valve
b) Hydraulic Pressure Valve
 c) Drum Brake
d) Gear Lever
capable of generating high
e) Wire Transverse Steering
drum speeds (900 m/min)
f) Pressure Gauges
23
Slickline Drum

Slickline Drum Capacities

Single drum units can accommodate 1 size (OD) of wire

at the time. The dual drum units allow a combination of
sizes and types (slick line or braided line) to be installed
on the drums.
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Control
Console
 Prime mover (diesel):
 • Rev counter RPM
 • Oil temperature
 • Oil pressure
 • Cool water temperature
 • Ampere meter
 • Hour counter

 Hydraulic system: Controls

 • Pressure gauge
 • Oil temperature
 Slickline Instruments:
 • Depth indicator counter
 • Analogue (dial) or digital weight indicator
• Engine speed control lever (hand
operated) to control power supply to
slickline winch
• Level - Winder guide lever or wheel to
allow proper winding of wire or cable
• Reel hand brake to control wire or
cable running speed
• ESD buttons
• BOP, SSSV and SSV controls
Weight Indicator
• Reads pressure changes from the load cell
• Needle movements combined with the odometer reading
indicate depth in well
• Zero, hose condition, cell gap
• Temperature can affect readings
• Certification

• Consists of ( load cell + gauge + hydraulic hose )

• The load cell Measures the tension in the wire

 and pressurize the hydraulic hose that transfers
 the load signal to the calibrated weight gauge
 inside slickline unit

• Load cell wrapped to a point below lubricator X-mass tree or

could be integrated with depth counter
Load Cells

27
 Fleet Angle at Hay Pulley should be 90 degrees

The load sensor is designed and

calibrated for an angle of 90°.

If, for instance, the angle is increased

to 120°, the weight indicator will read
30% too low.

At slickline angles larger then 90

degrees the indicated line pull on the
weight indicator is smaller than the
actual line pull.

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Hay Pulley Correction

29
Unit Controls - Odometer
• Usually in feet
• Takes reading from counterhead
• Zero taken at start of operation (THF or RKB)
• Matched to counterhead
• Cable condition

• The wire passes around accurately machined grooved sheave (measuring wheel ) which is connected to a
digital meter inside the control panel.

• By knowing the circumference of the sheave groove ; we can convert the number of sheave rounds to wire
length.

• It’s very important to regularly check and maintain the sheave and bearing conditions to get accurate
readings.
Depth Measurement (Cont.)

31
Slickline Unit – Counterhead
• Pressure wheels hold wire against counter wheel
• Wire angle of exit
• Three wheel system
• Load cell built into counterhead
• Wire spooled by moving counterhead
 Integrated Weight / Depth Measuring Device
 A more sophisticated design is an integrated weight-
depth measuring device of which the weight indicator is
hydraulic and the depth measurement is achieved
mechanically. This device is situated directly in front of
the slickline reel and is part of the slickline winch.

 A load cell between top sheaves and bottom sheave

senses the line pull and is transmitted to the weight
indicator (in daN , kg or lbs). It has the advantage that
the wire angle in the Hay Pulley is no longer of influence
on the indicated line pull.

33
 Pulleys and Sheaves
Hay Pulley

- Used to guide the wire from slickline unit to stuffing box

pulley then to stuffing box and vice versa.
- Sheave Diameter = 120 slick line diameter ( at least not
less than 100 times to avoid cold working fatigue on the wire)

Stuffing box pulley (Upper Sheave)

- used to guide the slickline from Hay pulley and deliver

it perpendicular to stuffing box and vice versa
- Have the same diameter of Hay pulley

34
 Power Pack
Purpose:
• Provide energy to run hydraulic pump.
Component:
1. Starter
2. Engine (Prime Mover)
3. Radiator
4. Hydraulic Pump
5. Hydraulic Reservoir
6. Diesel Reservoir
7. Spark Arrestor
8. Hoses
9. ESD device

35
 Power Pack
Wireline unit utilizes hydraulic power system driven by prime mover:
1. Diesel Engine
2. Electrical Engine

PP & WL Unit may be combined unit or separate unit, the latter requires hose
connection to complete the hydraulic cycle.

NOTE:Before starting a separate unit Power Pack, hydraulic system must be looped or
connected to the wireline unit (hydraulic hoses).

36
 Additional Surface Equipment

Slickline Clamp
Secure the wire without damage
Normally attached above the lower sheave
Used when rigging up/down
During non routine occurrences
Securing to rig up

The clamp is usually fastened around the

lubricator by means of a short chain or rope when
lifting the lubricator.

37
Hoisting Equipment (Winch)

Purpose:

• Provide lifting aids during rigging up & rigging down.

Principle of Operation:
• Manual or Electric Hoist suspended at height on a structure.
• Hoist is lifted or lowered to aid rigging up or down. Hoisting Unit
• Truck-mounted cranes
• Fixed cranes (e.g. offshore pedestal-mounted cranes)

Operational Considerations:
• Length of Lubricators, Risers & Stack Up.
• Height of Hoisting Unit
• Fishing Job
• Toolstring Length

38
Wireline Unit Checks
 Daily Checks W/L Unit Maintenance Check
• 50 hours – Change the engine oil
 Engine
and clean or change filters
 Oil level (oil/fuel/air)
 Water level
 Fan belt (condition & tension) • 150 hours – Grease and adjust
 Battery fluid level.
the drive chain and grease the
 Diesel
 Check emergency shut down not tripped hydraulic motor
 Hydraulic oil level (above 1/2)
• 500 hours – Change the hydraulic
 Reel pack oil and filters
 Gear in neutral
 Hand break on
 Check drive chain tension
 Coupling chain and pins
 Ball bearing is fastened
 2.2
Wireline Pressure Control Equipment

October 2022 40
 SURFACE EQUIPMENT
1. Wellhead Adaptor Flange
• Enable to connect lubricator sections of different ODs and connectors.
2. Lubricator & Quick Unions
• Section of pipe, connected together to form the pressure chamber, which
accommodates the toolstring tools and equipment used in the well.
3. Wireline Valve (BOP)
• Provides pressure barrier between well and lubricator sections; enables
depressurization of the lubricator chamber and consequently the removal or
introduction tools etc. into the well.
4. Stuffing Box
• Including top sheave for the wire or cable: provides a pressure seal around
the wire; in case braided cable is being used the pressure seal is created in
combination with grease which is injected in the stuffing box.
5. Grease Injection Head
• Depending on type wire/cable used

41
 Optional PCE

 Pump-In Sub & Bleed Off Sub

 Tool Trap
 Chemical Injection Sub
 Tool Catcher
 Liquid Chamber
 Quick Test Sub
 Shear/Seal BOP
 Single Control Panel

 Other capabilities are:

◼ Equalise across X-mas tree to allow valves to open
◼ Bleed off pressure safety
◼ Pressure test assembly
◼ Inject chemicals to prevent corrosion and hydrates
◼ Catch tools in case wire breaks at surface

42
 Wireline Stuffing Box (Primary
Barrier)
 The essential function of the wireline stuffing box is
to ensure containment or sealing off around
wirelines, whether stationary or in motion, at the
upper end of the lubricator during wireline
operations.

 The same basic stuffing box can be utilized for

different sizes of slick wire, but packing glands
and pulley sheaves must be compatible with wire
size. The sheave wheel and guard fitted to the
upper section of the stuffing box maintains the
passage of the wire through the center of the
packing rubbers.

43
HYDRAULIC STUFFING
BOX
Safety Checks:
• Redress Packings
• Sheave is friction free.
• Appropriate Sheave diameter for wire.
• Clean Plunger
• Valid pressure test

Top packing gland

Stuffing box packing

Bottom packing gland

Blow-out preventer

Blow-out preventer
retainer
Wireline Stuffing Box NORMAL OPERATION:
• Adjustable GLAND NUT compresses PACKING &
seal around slickline.
NO SLICKLINE IN STUFFING BOX:
• Well pressure push the PLUNGER & seal.
By Placing a Wrench
on the Flats and Turning

That is tight ENOUGH! 45

 THE BASIC HYDRAULIC
STUFFING BOX
• Categorized as any older generation hydraulic stuffing box
without injection ports and lubrication chambers available to
lubricate the packings. It can be acceptable in low-pressure
wells liquid wells (< 5k psi).

• 6-7 Manually reamed packings (dressed to specific height) to

maintain a seal around the wireline
• Integral ball check valve
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Without lubrication, the Basic hydraulic stuffing box has poor
wear performance and a higher risk of a release occurring,
particularly in gas wells
• Operator experienced is heavily depended upon to install the
packings correctly. Packings should be mixed in a stack with the
correct material and hardness’s for a specific well condition
• Requires conventional packings along with their limitations:
• Packings hand-reamed to the size of wire
• Uncontrolled and often manufactured by non-OEM
providers 46
HYDRAULIC STUFFING BOXES WITH ENGINEERED
PACKINGS AND LUBRICATION
• Categorised as any model with injection ports and lubrication
chambers to lubricate the packings and provide better sealing
capabilities in gas wells. It can be acceptable in high-pressure
liquid wells (>5k psi) and low-pressure gas wells (<5k psi).

• Injection port and lubrication chamber

• Modular light-weight design for quicker Rig up and Rig down
• Engineered to size packings
• Split or spiral packings that can be changed out without
removing the wire from the stuffing box
• Can include blowout plunger to provide a secondary barrier sealing performance of the packings and reduces the friction on
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Addition of Injection port and lubrication chamber increases the
wire
• Increased lifespan of packings through lubrication as well as the
fluid barrier between the packings and the wellbore fluids
• Lubrication provides early indications of worn packings while
running out of hole by means of “dirty” wire coming out of the
stuffing box (i.e. hydraulic oil or fluid can be seen on the wire)
• Split or spiral type packings can be changed out without 47
removing the wire from the stuffing box
LIQUID SEAL SLICK LINE CONTROL HEAD
• Categorized any hydraulic stuffing box combined with a grease
head which is made up of a series of flow tubes capable of
containing the entirety of the wellhead pressure (i.e. the stuffing
box is not required to hold pressure and primarily acts as a line
wiper). It Is the recommended choice of stuffing box in any
operation and the only recommended option in high-pressure
gas wells (>5k psi).
• Grease is injected through a series of small flow tubes which
result in a pressure drop greater than that of the wellhead
pressure
• A hydraulic stuffing box is positioned on top of the liquid seal
and is used as a line wiper and to hold pressure in static
conditions
• Grease is injected at a pressure 10-20% higher than wellbore
pressure, resulting in a de-rating of the maximum operating
pressure of the equipment by 20%.
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Similar to grease as used with braided line, but significantly
shorter height and less grease consumption due to tighter
tolerances on the flow tubes
• Does not rely on the stuffing box elastomers as the primary well
control barrier. Stuffing box is generally only used as a seal in
static conditions
• Increased footprint: small Increase in height of stackup (6-12”)
and the addition of high-pressure hoses to pump grease
• Increase in pressure test time. A hydraulically actuated vent
valve (detailed in the next page) should be used to facilitate
purging air out of the flow tubes
Coated E-line and digital slickline are not compatible with a Liquid
48
seal stuffing box
Stuffing Box and Packing Selection

49
 Grease Injection Head (GIH) SCU – Braided Line

• While RIH, braidedline pushes the ball to a side.

• When no braidedline in SCU, well pressure pushes the ball & seal it.

SCU WITHOUT BRAIDEDLINE SCU WITH BRAIDEDLINE

50
Lubricators / Risers
Usually furnished with quick unions to facilitate ease of make-up and break-
out.

Lubricators Length = jars be retrieved fully open + (3 ft).

Lubricator sections are generally supplied in 2.5 m (8 ft) lengths.

The (upper) section of a lubricator set-up is generally limited to 2 7/8 in OD

sufficient to accommodate a wireline toolstring of maximum OD 1 7/8 in.
The lower most section has to be large enough to accommodate the
equipment to be run or retrieved. In this way the lubricator weight is kept to a
minimum.

Two bleed valves should be opened when bleeding pressure from the
lubricator (SITHP > 5000 psi).
Certification !!!

51
 Lubricators / Risers
The pressure rating will be identified by the base colour of the whole of the lubricator or accessory
and shall satisfy the following:

The first band indicates whether the service is standard or H2S:

• Standard service has no band.
• H2S service has an orange band.
The second band indicates the temperature of the service:
• Standard service (-30°C to 250°C) has no band.
• Low temperature service (below -30°C) has a blue band.
• High temperature service (+250°C) has a purple band.
52
 Quick Unions
This equipment is designed to be quickly and easily
connected by hand.

light film of oil or grease helps in the make-up of the union

and prevents cutting of the O-ring.

In general, unions that cannot be loosened easily,

indicate that high pressure may be trapped inside.

53
Quick Unions

Variants:

 BOWEN
 OTIS
Components:

 Pin End with Collar

 Box End
 Sealing Element
 ACME Thread

BOWEN OTIS 54
 Bowen Vs Otis

Pin Diameter
Otis 3.5"
Bowen 4.375“
External holes
Angle !!!

55
Quick Unions Sizes

56
 Wireline Blowout Preventer (BOP)

A resilient packing element designed to close

around the wireline to effect a positive shut-off
without damaging the wireline.

Hydraulic operated BOPs are used, permitting

remote operation from the wireline control panel.

BOPs are normally fitted with bypass equalising

valves


When operating with electric/braided line a triple

ram wireline BOP shall be installed.

57
Wireline Blowout Preventer (BOP)

Used to close around slickline Safety Checks:

and hold well pressure in • Close equalizing valve prior RU
case of emergency • Open ram prior RU
• Valid pressure test

Used directly above the tree

connection.

N.B. Access to handles must be

considered.

Lubricator
Stack
58
 BOPs (Wireline Valves)

BOP (wireline valve) allows well to be closed in around the wireline without cutting it:
 Contingency for when leak occurs in the lubricator assembly

Slickline BOPs:
 Blind-faced rams with a resilient packing element designed to close around the wireline
 Can be single or double rams
 Double Rams is a contingency measure

Braided line BOPs:

 shaped rams with wire guide to centre the cable
 Twin BOP or two single BOPs always used, both equipped with the appropriately sized moulded rams
 lower rams inverted to shut off from above
 access port between the rams to facilitate the injection of grease

59
BOP Principals of Operation

1. Hydraulic pressure moves piston

2. inward (close) or outward (open).
3. Piston move ram bodies at same time.
4. Ram outer seal holds pressure
5. Ram insert seal around wire.

60
Wireline Valve or BOP

◼ Primarily used to repair cable under

pressure.
◼ Close the top one first.
◼ Never close across a moving cable. 61
Operation of Wireline Valve

Outer Seal

Inner Seal

Two matching rams are used as a pair.

Inner seals are slotted to match cable
size. 62
Rams with Guide

To avoid damage or cut the wire correct size of

wire guides should be used to guide the wire
when closing the rams.

63
Wireline Valves Operation

◼ A continues seal is created

when rams are closed.
◼ Wireline valves are
designed to hold pressure
from one direction only.

64
Dual BOP Ram

Bottom seals are inverted to allow

grease injection between seals.

Recommended under these

conditions:
5K - Oil or Gas > 10K – Oil

Required under these conditions:

10K - Gas > 10K - Oil or Gas

65
Slickline BOP Parts

Wire cutting blades for a shear seal BOP.

Slickline BOP Parts

67

Bar Clamp
Wellhead Adapter Flange

Crossovers from the tree (swab valve) to

the bottom connection of the wireline BOP
or lubricator.

It is important to check that the adapter

threads match that of the wellhead and
BOP.

The pressure rating of the adapter must be

equal to the surface pressure control
equipment. Flanged Swages
68
Wellhead Adapter Flange

Variants:

1. QU to QU
2. ACME THREAD to QU
3. API Flange to QU
4. Hammer Union to QU
5. API EUE Thread to QU

Safety Checks:
• Compatible thread connection
• Compatible material to well effluents

69
 Tool Trap

It can be installed directly above the wireline BOP.

The manual type tool trap is suitable for use with pressures
up to (5000- 6000 psi). It consists of a housing, a hinged
slotted "stop", shaft and handle. The stop permits passage
of the wireline itself but prevents subsurface tools from
passing downwards (unless the handle is repositioned and
held with the slotted stop in the vertical position).

Hydraulic tool traps are suitable for use with working

pressures up to (10,000 psi). The slotted flapper stop is
raised by a piston activated by hydraulic power, generally
a hand pump. A small spring ensures that the slotted stop
returns to its catch position.
No External Indication ….. ID 2.2”.

70
Pump-In Tee

A pump-in tee consists of three main

parts
• Quick union box end
• Quick union pin end
• Chicksan - WECO type connection

The pump-in tee, when rigged up, is

placed between the wellhead adapter
and the wireline BOP.

71
Liquid Chamber / Chemical Injection Sub

 Installed immediately below tool catcher at top of

lubricator assembly

 Used to inject hydrate inhibitor/dispersant or

corrosion inhibitor into well during operations

 Check valve facility protects against burst hose or

pump failure

 Optional piece of BOP.

Lubricator Stack 72
Tool Catcher
Pulling toolstring into top of lubricator will cause instantaneous
tension increase:
• Too fast for operator response
• Too fast for automatic tension limiting devices
• Wire will break or strip out of rope socket

Tool catcher installed below stuffing box at top of lubricator

assembly:
• Designed to catch fishing neck
• Ball check valve used to shut-off lubricator when using braided
cable

Preventable incident:
• Regularly check/calibrate depth counter
• “Hand pull” toolstring into lubricator 73
Line Wiper (The Upper most PCE)

Line wiper
Figure 2.21: Laton type Hay Pulley
(optional)

Line Wiper
The purpose of the wiper is to clean the wire when pulling out of the hole.
It is generally attached to a a pin on the hay pulley shroud. Precautions to
be
Observe when using a line wiper include:
• Never install wiper when running in hole 74
• Wiper must only be fitted horizontally
• Always remove completely before jarring commences.
 PCE CONTROL PANEL
Purpose:

• Provide operating facilities for Wireline Valve, SSV, Stuffing Box &
SCSSV.
Components:

• Pneumatic Hydraulic Pump

• Nitrogen Accumulator
• Hand Pump
• Gauges
• Control Valves
• ESD Valve

75
 Well Control Equipment Selection
◼ A 20% safety margin is desirable.

◼ WP rating = 1.2 x maximum expected wellhead pressure.

◼ Under no circumstances should pressure at well site exceed WP Rating of equipment.

◼ Well site WP Rating is determined by lowest rated component.

76
 Well Control Equipment Identification
Each single item of pressure containing equipment shall be identified by:
◼ Stamping on structurally non critical area or
◼ Stamping on permanently attached metal band

Essential information:
◼ Manufacturer ID code or Contractor Asset Code

◼ Serial number or item number

◼ Service type

◼ Working Pressure

◼ Test Pressure (optional)

◼ Date of manufacture (optional)

Stamping on bodies shall be on low stress areas with low stress stamps.
Sharp V stamping shall be avoided. 77
PCE Pressure Testing

78
 Wellsite Pressure Test
1. Rig up all equipment, making sure equipment functions properly.

2. Fill riser with non-volatile fluid. (water or mix of water and ethylene glycol if hydrates are
expected).

3. Close return line, allow air to vent out of stuffing box / line wiper.

4. Close stuffing box and pressure up system to 1.2 X expected well pressure.

5. Hold 3-5 minutes.

6. Start grease injection, open return line, open pack off.

7. Bleed off system to equalize pressure across swab valve.

8. Open swab valve and proceed slowly into well.

79
 Wellsite Pressure Test (Cont.)
◼ Multiple run/long duration jobs.

◼ Entire system may be tested every 24 hours provided that:

◼A valve is placed between client wellhead and riser assembly.

◼ Only this connection is broken after test of the entire assembly.
◼ The connection between this valve and wellhead is tested each time it is
broken.

Pressure testing with a loaded gun in the riser should be avoided unless
a safety valve is used to isolate the gun.

80
 3
Wireline Tool String

October 2022 81
Standard Slickline Toolstring

 All wireline retrievable subsurface equipment is run on a standard

wireline toolstring.
 Provides mechanical force necessary for running, setting, pulling or
servicing the equipment under pressure without killing the well.
 Toolstrings are available in various ODs and component lengths which
are designed to be compatible with all well completion sizes.
 Commonly Used 1-1/2 & 1-7/8"

 Standard components:
 Rope Socket

 Swivels
 Accelerator (when using jars in shallow depths)
 Stem (or sinker bar)
 Jars
 Knuckle Joint (Optional)
 Quick-lock system
82
Standard Slickline Toolstring

Rope Socket Weight Bar Jars

Knuckle
Joint

Sizes Fishing Neck

1 1/4” 1-3/16”

1 1/2” 1-3/8” Make sure you can pass through the

tubing and still be retrieved, but also
1 7/8” 1-3/4” size your tools so that Cutters or Go-
Devils can not go83 along side.
WL Toolstring
Toolstring Main Tools:

1. Rope Socket.
2. Stem Bar.
3. Jar.
11

Toolstring Optional Tools:

4. Knuckle Joint
5. Swivel Joint
6. Accelerator
7. Roller Stem
8. High Density Stem
9. Hydraulic Jar
10. Spring Jar
11. Knuckle Jar
11
84
Fishing Necks – Size and Reach
Right angle

Reach – measured from the top of the

Camco and Petroline
device to below the fishing neck type fishing neck

15” Undercut

Otis, Bowen and Baker

type fishing neck
Reach
 STANDARD FISING NECK SIZES
Standard Fishing Neck Size TOOLSTRING SIZE
NOMINAL
TOOL SIZE TO LATCH

1 – ½”
1 – 3/8”
All sub surface tools must incorporate ‘Fishing Neck’ & “Connector”.
2” Pulling Tool

1 – 3/8” 1 – 1/2”

1 – 7/8”

1 – 3/8”

2 – ½” Pulling Tool

1 – 7/8”

2.313

3” Pulling Tool
Sucker Rod Threads Versus Quick Connections
 SR Threads
• All latched with S core, both Otis or Camco pulling tools i.e. SS/RS or JDS/JUS
• Larger sized connections have larger SR’s
• Pipe wrenches used, damage connections, personnel injuries
• Pressure lock when out of hole

 Quick Locks
• Quick connections reduce time between runs
• Stronger, safer and quicker
• Can add length to toolstring if not integral
• No pressure locking of connections
• Pipe wrenches not required to make or break joints
• Longer reach
Quick Lock Type Assembly

89
 Rope Socket
• The rope socket provides a means for connecting the slickline to the
toolstring and allows the toolstring to be recovered if it becomes stuck or is
dropped downhole (All rope socket have fishing necks incorporated into
their design).

• Two different types of rope socket are commonly used in slickline

operations:
Knot Rope Socket SL Tear Drop Socket SL
• Knot rope socket: The wire is bent around the disc then wound around
itself between 3 to 8 turns depending on the required weak point value,
the more turns the higher the weak point value.
• Tear drop rope socket: attached by bending the wire around a slotted
tear drop shaped thimble. The loose end is then held in place at the top
by 'pinching' it between the thimble and the mating sleeve itself.

• Types of rope sockets used in braided line operations:

• Slip-type socket: The slips are designed with various breaking strengths (%
of the wireline strength) which cause the line to break at the specified
percentage of the full strength of the line.
• Clamp-type socket.
90
Slip Type Socket (braided line) Clamp Type Socket (braided line)
 Swivel
Swivel is designed to permit easy rotation of toolstring even under relatively high loads as the tools
are conveyed in and out of the wellbore.

Swivel must be used when:

■ Using a no-knot type rope socket that does not allow
rotation of the components.

■ Using a braided line rope socket–twisting of braided line

can cause it to unwrap, which then
leads to broken strands and jammed flow tubes.

Slickline Swivel Swivel Used on Braided Line 91

 Accelerator
• Accelerator or stretch simulator simulates line stretch when jarring at shallow depths. The
accelerator acts as a stretch simulator, compensating for the lack of wire stretch when using power
jars in both cases. Although commonly run only when jarring near surface, accelerators significantly
improve the effectiveness of all types of power jars even at depth. Accelerators will also increase
the efficiency of jars in high angle wells.
• Used with Hydraulic or Spring Jars to increase the jarring effect by Accelerating the speed of the
jars to impact.
• By storing energy when an over-pull is taken and then releasing at the point where the jar fires, the
mass of the stem on the toolstring is “accelerated” up to the point of impact and in turn increases
the force generated. It also acts as a shock absorber, protecting the rope socket whilst jarring at
shallow depths.
• An accelerator should be fitted between the rope socket and stem.

92
 Stem or Sinker Bars
• A stem or stinker bar provides additional weight to slickline toolstring that is
needed to overcome stuffing box packing friction and well pressure on the
cross-sectional area of the slick wire.

• Stems transmit force either upward or downward to set or retrieve subsurface

equipment, when used in conjunction with jar. However, the toolstring should
not be overweighted as excessive mass dampen the “feel” of the slickline and
can cause premature shearing of tool string shear pins.

• Roller Stem Bar used in deviated wells, but take care don’t use in fishing jobs !!

• For high pressure applications when additional weight is required, lead filled
stems can be utilized, not be used for jarring as the lead tends to creep
downwards resulting in the outer barrel rupturing.

93
Roller Stem

94
Stem Bars Weight Estimation

Force
Force= Area SL x Pressure

Area = D2 x .7854 Stem bar Wt/Ft = D2 x 8/3

Wire Size Area Stem Size Wt/Ft (lbs.) Wire Weight/1000 Ft.
.092 .0066 1-1/4 4.17 .092 = 22.5 lbs
1-1/2 6 .108 = 31.0 lbs
.108 .0092
1-7/8 9.375 .125 = 41.5 lbs
.125 .0123 2-1/8 12 3/16 = 93.8 lbs
3/16 .0276 2-3/8 15
 Jars
Jars provide a controlled jarring action for the toolstring. There are two main types of jars: hydraulic and
mechanical.

96
 Mechanical Jars
Spang Jars TUBULAR
Mechanical Jars are used to jar both up and down. JARS

Most common lengths are 20” & 30” stroke.

They come in two types

Used where there is

wire or debris present
in the well that could
foul the use of Spang
Jars.

97
 Spang Jar (Link Jar)
• The spang jar, by being extended or collapsed abruptly, uses the weight of stem
to deliver effective jarring to whichever tool is in use. It is a vital component in
every toolstring.
• Upward and downward jarring actions are achieved by controlling the direction
and speed of the slickline at surface.
• If the operator handles the spang jar incorrectly when open, it can easily be
scissored. This jar also has limitations for use in fishing operations and in case of
large pieces of debris in a well. In both these cases, there is a tendency for wire
or debris to be caught between the links and jam the jar.
• Spang jars are manufactured with either a short stroke of 20 inches or a long
stroke of 30 inches.

98
 Tubular Jars
A tubular jar acts in a similar manner to the spang jar, providing energy through collapse or
extension of the jar.

This type of jar can be used in larger size tubing/casing in which scissoring of spang jars is
feared.

Tubular jars should always be used in the toolstring when fishing for wire as it does not get
jammed.

99
Hydraulic Jars
(Upstroke Jars)
For use in wells where it is difficult to obtain a
good mechanical jarring action. They are
designed for upward jarring only.

Usually a spang jar is included in the toolstring,

positioned immediately below the hydraulic jars,
to provide downward jar action to shear off the
tool if necessary.

Consideration must be given to the suitability

of the fluid in hydraulic jars in high-temperature
wells as the viscosity may become too low for
effective operation.
It is also not recommended to be used in gas
well as the hydraulic oil chamber will gas out,
rendering ineffective jarring actions.

About to 100
Start of Stroke
deliver Re-Cocking
 Spring Jars (Upstroke Jar) - gas
Spring-type jars are used in gas wells in which hydraulic type jars
may become “gassed” up.
This type of jars have several advantages over hydraulic jars:
• Less susceptible to high bottomhole temperatures
• Practically maintenance free
• More “shocks” are possible over a given time period
However, the downside is that it needs to change the spring to
vary the impact force.

101
 Knuckle Jars
The knuckle jar is constructed to a special ball and socket design that allows
angular movement in deviated wells.
15° lateral movement and 4” – 12” stroke available
This tool is useful when light jarring is required and when there is not enough
lubricator height available to use a regular jar in the toolstring during fishing
operations.

It can be run with pressure/temperature gauges in conjunction with a shock

absorber.

102
Jars and Stem

Jars should have the same OD as the Stem.

The OD of tools attached to the lower end

of the Jars should always be larger than the
OD of the Stem and Jars.

103
 Knuckle Joint
The knuckle joint has a ball and socket design that allows “swivel” and
angular action, thus providing flexibility in a tool string. It is usually installed
immediately below mechanical jar.
The flexibility helps to align tools with the tubing especially in a deviated
well.
However, knuckle joint is known to be the most common point of failure in
the toolstring.

104
 Toolstring Preparation
Before assembling a tool string, perform the following checks:

• Inspect the rope socket for burrs around the wire hole, which could damage the wire.
• Inspect all box and pin threads or quick connections for damage.
• Inspect the fishing neck profiles for burrs and wrench damage.
• Inspect the mechanical jars for buckling, bending, bowing, and check for smooth operation.
• Check the hydraulic jars for leaks and correct operation.
• Check the spring jars for operation (with hydraulic test sub) and set the release point required.
• Check the integrity of the roll pins in the knuckle joints, and freedom of movement of the ball in the socket.
• Check the swivel joint rotation action and any roll pins.
• Check all the tool operations on the surface—that is, remove the shear pins and check the movement.

105
Production Tubing
Drift Run

106
Set Plug at Sliding
Side Door (SSD)

107
Set Dummy
Valve at (SPM)

108
Toolstring Configurations
Rope Socket Roller Stem
3 ft 3 ft

Swivel Joint 4 ft

6 ft
Accelerator
3 ft 3 ft

4 ft
Stem

3 ft
3 ft

Knuckle Joint 6 ft

4 ft

Upstroke Jar 2½ ft
2½ ft 2½ ft

2½ ft
2½ ft 2½ ft
Spang Jar

SSSV 10°-20° Angle 20°-30° Angle 30°-50° Angle 50° Angle &109
Above
 4
Wireline Downhole Tools

October 2022 110

 Wireline Downhole Tools

Wireline downhole tools are principally split into four categories:

• Lock mandrels.
• Operating tools, e.g. running / pulling tools etc.
• Data gathering tools.
• Flow control equipment.

Slickline Downhole tools are the tools run on a slickline and entered
in a well to set, retrieve or run equipment during an intervention.
The downhole tools, that is, the equipment below the lowest
connection in the tool string, are used to perform specific tasks in the
hole such as:
• Wax cutting
• Setting plug
• Shift open/close sliding side door
• Set/retrieve gas lift valve and so on.

111
 Wireline Downhole Tools
WELL INTEGRITY AND FLOW CONTROL MANAGEMENT

DE P TH ME ASURE ME NTS
 To know deposits build up , perforation access and obstruction existence

C AL I PER SURVE Y S
 To know points of corrosion or scale accumulations

F L O W C ON TROL
 To secure the well or isolate and protect reservoir from pumped fluids ( using downhole plugs )
 Zonal Isolation and TBG-Annulus communication ( using sliding sleeves )
 To shut-in the well in case on emergency (using wireline retrievable downhole safety valves
112
 Lock Mandrels
Lock mandrels are wireline retrievable devices such as production
control equipment, pressure testing equipment and
pressure/temperature recording instruments that are set into nipple
profiles in the production tubing string.

There are two types of lock mandrels:

• Landing Nipple Locks
• Tubing ID Locks

Lock Mandrel + Type of Plug + Equalizing Sub

Type of Lock: Slip Lock, Collar Lock & Nipple Lock
Type of Plugs: Hold pressure ▼, Hold ▲, Hold ▼&▲

113
 Landing Nipple Locks
Landing nipple type lock mandrel provides
a positive lock, whereby keys are
mechanically locked out into a machined
recess in the landing nipple.

An integral part of lock mandrels of this

type are high pressure and temperature
sealing rings that are positioned in the seal
bore of the appropriate landing nipple.

Depending on the type of device being
run, the packing configuration can be
adjusted to hold pressure from above
and/or below and sudden/repeated
pressure surges.
Landing nipple locks are designed to locate and lock where a landing
nipple of the same size has been installed, that is, an “X” lock mandrel
will only locate and lock in an “X” landing
nipple.
Similarly, X-selective running tool is used to run and set X or XN keyed
lock mandrels in X
and XN landing nipples respectively.
114
 Lock mandrel Landing nipple
Lock mandrel
 Uses of Landing Nipples
1. Land blanking plugs as a barrier or to test the production tubing or to set hydraulic PKR.
2. Land W/L safety valves .
3. Land chokes to reduce surface flowing pressures or to have pressure drops down hole to
prevent surface freezing in gas production.
4. Land valve catchers to aid recovery of accidentally dropped gas lift valves during change
outs.
5. Land instrument hangers such flow meters, pressure & temperature gauges.
6. Used in JET pump application
7. Setting check valve above ESP pump.
8. Developed to allow positive placement of flow control devices
9. Placed strategically in the well bore relating to well design
10. Allowed for increase in pressure rating of devices
11. All have a seal bore and a profile
12. Some have a no go shoulder
13. Designed specific to manufacturer’s flow control
Profile of Landing Nipple
 Shoulders loaded simultaneously by the key of the locking mandrel
provides.
 Higher pressure ratings
 Even load distribution
 Reliable retrievals

Key / Nipple Contact

Provides maximum bearing areas against pressure
differentials
Allows plug to be retrieved after exposure to high test
pressure
 Landing Nipples - CAMCO
• D series is a top nogo style nipple
• DB series is a large bore top nogo style nipple
• DB – HP series is a large bore, high pressure top
nogo style nipple
• D – 15 series nipple is for ultra high pressure
applications
• W series is a selective style nipple
 Landing Nipples – Halliburton R
• R series lock designed for higher pressure
• Identical procedures as X series to set and pull
• The same equalizing devices available
• Same pulling tool used
• X/XN lock components not interchangeable with R/RN
lock
Landing Nipples – Halliburton XN
• XN lock is the X lock with the keys changed
• All other components are identical including running and pulling tools
• The OD of the equalizing assembly is too large to pass the nogo ID so it
serves as a positive stop to locate the nipple keys
• Nipples reduce in ID going down the completion – i.e. the string tapers
Lock Mandrel ding Types
Nipples
•There many types of same
FISHING
as NECK FISHING
X , R , XN , RN , RQ, RPT, F . FISHING
NECK
FISHING EXPANDER
NECK EXPANDER
NECK MANDREL
•Example of sizes ( depend DOUBLE
EXPANDER MANDREL
MANDREL
on TBG size) EXPANDER ACTING
DOUBLE
DOUBLE
MANDREL SPRING ACTING
ACTING
DOUBLE SPRING
SPRING
2.188” , 2.75” , 2.813” , ACTING
LOCKING
DOGS LOCKING
3.688” , 4” SPRING
DOGS
LOCKING
DOGS
LOCKING
DOGS
PACKING PACKING PACKING

NO-GO NO-GO
PACKING EQUALIZING
EQUALIZING
SUB SUB

Otis X Otis R Otis XN Otis RN

Landing Nipple and Landing Nipple and No-Go Landing Nipple No-Go Landing Nipple
Lock Mandel Lock Mandel and Lock Mandel and Lock Mandel
Flow Control Landing Nipples

122
Lock Mandrels: R Type

123
Lock Mandrels: R Type (Cont.)

124
 NOTE:

In highly deviated wells, it may not be possible to use Landing

Nipples at inclinations greater than 70°. Wireline operators
commonly use Landing Nipples for depth references. Although
Their Primary Function is as locating devices.

125
 Fishing Neck

Lock Mandrel Types

Nipple Locks
Locking Sleeve

X /XN Locks
1. Selective R Locks X keys have 90º shoulder Collet Lock

2. Selective X Locks XN have 45° shoulder

Outer Sleeve
3. No-go Due To Restriction In Nip-xn Locks
 Advantages X Lock Positions
1. V Packing In Polished Bore of Nipp
Refer to p5-17
Selective position O-ring
2. Holds Press From Both Direction (R, Rn for H.Press)
Non – selective
3. Nipple Is Simple Locked in nipple Lock Mandrel
4. Can Set In SSD N.P.
5. Slip Lock Design Reduce Maintenance
 X.N Lock Dogs

 Same as X but change keys

 Equalizing Sub considered No-go bigger than Nip. Id.
 X /Xn Locks Element Expanded
O-ring
 X Keys have 90º shoulder G element
 Xn have 45 shoulder. Split ring
Element Expanded
Spacers
Pack Mandrel
X® and R® Equipment
• Plugging the tubing for many reasons, including removing
the wellhead or surface equipment
• Testing the tubing
• Setting packers
• Separating zones during production or stimulation
• Installing safety valves
• Install as many selective nipples with the same ID as desired
in the production string.
X®, XN® and R®, RN® Equipment
X® and R® Equipment
• All oil and gas well services (sweet - CO2 - H2S)
• When downhole selectivity is desirable
• When placement of as many nipples with same ID Is
desirable
• Facilitates installation of most subsurface flow
controls
• The R® profile is suitable for higher pressure ratings
than the X®
X® Lock Mandrel
R® Lock Mandrel
Inside Fishing Neck of X® Locking Mandrels
 Extra large diameters for higher flow volumes
 Increased contact area between fishing neck and pulling tool
Primary Hold-Down Feature

 Notice that the serrations on the locking

keys match the serrations on the expander
mandrel. This design allows the locking
mechanism to hold tighter as differential
pressure increases from below. The greater
the differential the tighter the lock holds.
XN® (Non-Selective)
Applications
Bottom nipple in tubing string below
XN® (Non-Selective)
•
X® landing nipple
• Where restrictive no-go is an
advantage for non-selective
applications
• Standard weight tubing
• Well deviations up to 70 degrees
• Can be run with coiled tubing in wells
with deviation greater than 90 degrees
No-Go Shoulder XN® vs. X®
 Setting and
Retrieving wireline
plug lock mandrel

136
 Plug/Prong Combination (PX & PXN)
◼ Some designs do not use lock mandrels.

◼ Locating lugs lock into profile in no-go landing

nipple.

◼ Prong seals off inside plug.

◼ Pulling prong allows pressure equalisation prior to

pulling plug.

137
 Tubing ID Locks
Tubing ID retrievable locking devices are designed to lock and pack off
subsurface devices in the tubing string that have not been equipped with
landing nipples.

This type of locking device utilises cups or rubber element type seals, which
pack off against the tubing wall.

For this type of lock mandrel, the pressure differential ratings are considerably
less than those of the landing nipple type lock. Also, the effectiveness of the
seal is greatly dependent on the condition of the tubing wall.

138
 Running/Pulling Tools
◼ Tools locate in profiles in lock mandrels – either internally or
externally.
◼ Manipulate locking collets prior to retrieving mandrel.
◼ Some plugs run with equalising prong:
 Single trip installation
 Two trip recovery: Prong first

139
 Running Tools
1 External Fishing Neck
2 Internal Fishing Neck
3 Selective Running Tool
4 Non-Selective Running Tool
Latching Mechanism ▲ or ▼:
5 Shear Pins
6 Dogs
RT Accessories:
7 Shank, Probe, Guide
& Prong.

140
Running Tools

141
X® or R® Selective Running Tool
 Application
• Used to run and set X Lock Mandrels in X and XN Landing Nipples.

 Operation/Description-
• The X Lock Mandrel and Subsurface Flow Control Device is pinned onto the Running Tool.
• The Running Tool is placed in the Selective Position.
• The tools are lowered into the well using slickline methods.
• When the tools are pulled up through a X Nipple, the Locating Dogs engage the lower end of
the Polished Packing Bore.
• An upward strain on the wire causes the Running Tool to shift into the Controlled Position, then
the Lock Mandrel and Running Tool are pulled up through the Landing Nipple.
• The Lock Mandrel is then lowered into the Landing Nipple and Set.
X® or R® Selective
Running Tool
Nipple Locating Mechanism
Locating the Landing Nipple
(Running Tool)
Pulling Up Through the
Landing Nipple
Landing Nipple Located
Pull a Bind for a Final
Check
Equalizing Valve
is Moved to
Closed Position
XX Plug Set

 Verify Installation
 Check set
 Pressure test
Check-Set Tool

 The check set tool is used to

verify that the X, XN, R, and RN
lock mandrels are in their
completely locked position in
the nipple downhole.
Check-Set Tool

 The prong and the retainer sub of

the check set tool are in the pinned
position prior to running in the well.
 Downward jarring shears the pin
indicating that the lock mandrel is
fully locked.
 Pulling Tools
Pulling tools are designed to remove various items of completion or
subsurface equipment from the well bore.

A standard or compatible fishing neck profile is required for the pulling

tool to engage properly on the tool or equipment to be removed. If it is
impossible to retrieve the equipment, the pulling tool can be released
by shearing a pin enabling the tool to be released and retrieved to
surface.

Pulling tools are designed for either external or internal fishing necks
and may be equipped with jar up or down release mechanisms.

153
 Pulling Tools
1. External Fishing Neck
2. Internal Fishing Neck
Shear Direction:
3. Jar ▲ (Large Pin)
4. Jar ▼ (Small Pin)

To remove standard fishing either outside or inside fishing neck.

Example:

 Jar Up Ext. Fishing Neck Rb, rs, juc, jus

 Jar Down Ext. Fishing Neck Sb, ss, jdc, jds
 Jar Up Int. Fishing Neck Gr

 Jar Down Int. Fishing Neck Gr, prs

154
Fishing Necks
• Internal and external available
• External either Camco or Otis
• 90° or 15° under-cut
• Fishing size measured at ‘A’
• Manufacturer’ tool should match fishing
neck angle
• FN data must be recorded
External FN Shear Force Roots
• Shear pin always connected through core
• Top sub either has core or skirt attached
• Does core contact latched tool
• Will skirt contact latched tool

• Otis S and R tool identification

• Camco JU and JD identification
• Common components
• Allen grub screws
 Cores/Reach
 Otis terms J S B
 Camco terms L S C
 Measured from core to jaw
 Otis cores have two holes
 Camco have one hole
 Most are threaded
SHEARING MECHANISM

158
R Series Pulling Tool

R Pulling Tool
 RS,RJ, All Interchangeable

 Principle Of Operation

 Releasing And Pinning Tools

 Run first
 Extensive jarring downward
 Largest pin
 Dogs
 Shear pin cap
 Cylinder (Skirt)
 B, S, and J cores
S Pulling / Running Tools Tope sub

Fluid Bypass Hole

Sleeve
(Shear pin Cover)
 Using same releasing and pinning
tools as R Core nut

 Project 14 -Otis R Tools Main Spring

Skirt (Cylinder)
 Project 15 -Otis S Tools
Shear pin
Dog Spring
Spacer Ring

Space to insert
Releasing tool (A)

Reach

SS Pulling Tool
Reach
JD Series Pulling Tools
G Series Pulling Tools
• GS and GR (Gu Adapter)
• Grl- Extended core for D collar lock
 Remember to shear down the skirt must be moved
 Upward by fishing neck other wise it will not shear
 Gu adapter can uses to pinning GS
 must be remove Gs shear pin when convert Gs to Gr
 Gr used to pull locks, jar down to loosens sets of keys make it
 Easier to pull
G Series Pulling Tools
‘GS’
 Used to Retrieve Internal
Fishing Necks

 Downward Jarring Shear

Release
G Series Pulling Tools
‘GU’

 Used to Convert GS Pulling Tool to

a GR Pulling Tool

 Upward Jarring Shear Release

 G Series Pulling Tools
‘GR’

 Used to Retrieve Internal Fishing Necks

 Upward Jarring Shear Release

G Series Pulling Tools
GR & GS Pulling Tools
 The G Series pulling tools are
designed to engage an internal
fishing neck.
Heavy Duty Pulling Tools (GLV)

 Greater forces created when using

braided cable/accelerators
 Tools destroyed – pieces left to fish
 Dogs/FN contact area
 Release direction
 Heavily constructed body
Equalizing and Pulling
Pull Lock Mandrel
Pull Lock Mandrel

 The GS pulling tool engages the

internal fishing neck of the lock
mandrel. Upward jarring moves the
internal expander mandrel up
allowing the locking keys to retract.
Pull Lock Mandrel

Jar Up
Jar Down
Pull Lock Mandrel

 The GS pulling tool engages the internal

fishing neck of the lock mandrel. Upward
jarring moves the internal expander mandrel
up allowing the locking keys to retract.
Pulling Tools

176
 Wireline Downhole Tools
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
- P RE SSURE TE MP E RATURE S URVE Y S ( B H P T S )
• Could be static or dynamic
• To know reservoir pressure , temperature , pressure build up & decline and communication
between wells
- F L UI D AN D SAN D S AMP L I NG
• To know Reservoir fluid properties, Scale predictions and proper treatments and proper artificial
lift method
• To know the size and properties of the produced sand and specify the proper Sand control
method

177
Pressure and Temperature (BHPTS)

• This data has historically been collected using Amerada Gauges run on
mechanical wireline. The use of Amerada gauges require the time consuming
"reading" (using a special microscope) of the recorder charts, before the data are
available for analysis.

• With advances in electronics, these have been replaced by electronic wireline

gauges. Electronic memory gauges are deployed on mechanical wireline. After
the survey has been finished, the data, stored in the memory of the gauge, are
down loaded into a PC, after which the data is available for analysis.

• Static or Dynamic
• Hanging or Setting by Bomb Hanger in XN.

178
 Flowmeters (Spinner)
 In general flowmeters consist of a spinner which is
rotated by the fluid flow.

 Flow-meters generally consist of spinners and may run

on slick line (downhole battery operated) or on electric
line (surface read out and recording).

 The spinner, associated with an electromagnetic

detection system, delivers pulses at a frequency which
is directly proportional to the spinner revolution.
Flowmeters can be operated on either slickline or
electric line in well pressures up to 10,000 psi and
flowrates of 30,000 BPD in oil wells.

179
 Bailers
Bailing is occasionally required to clear any sand or debris from fishing neck of
tools. In principle, there are three basic designs of bailer available.
• Sand/Pump Bailer
• Hydrostatic Bailer
• Drive down Bailer

The sand/pump bailer is used to remove bulk of deposits in the well,

commonly sand in the tubing. It is a hollow tube with a check valve, either a
ball or flapper, at its lower end that is usually “mule shoed“.

It contains a piston and valve attached to a rod that passes through a wide
hole at the upper end of the tube for fluid bypass. The rod is attached to the
toolstring. As the bottom of the bailer sits on the sand or other deposits, the
weight of the toolstring pushes the piston to the bottom of the tube. As this
piston is picked up, it sucks debris into the bottom of the bailer. This slow
stroking process continues until the bailer is full.

180
Sand / Pump Bailers
Applications:
• Remove Sand from Wellbore and
from top of plugs and other flow
control devices.
• Retrieve samples of well solids.

181
 Drive Down & Hydrostatic Bailers
 Driven Down Bailer
 The drive down bailer is used to remove the HARD bulk of deposits from above wireline
tools or equipment. It is a hollow tube with a check valve, either a ball or flapper, at its
lower end different types/shape of skirts can be attached. As the bottom of the bailer sits
on the sand or other deposits, the jarring down and the weight of the toolstring hammer
down the bailer in to the debris. The jarring down process continues until the bailer is full
(pull up weight checks).

 Hydrostatic Bailer
 A hydrostatic bailer consists of a chamber sealed at atmospheric pressure. When the
bailer reaches the top of the debris and is jarred down, a shear disc is ruptured and the
bottom hole pressure surges into the chamber, sucking up the debris. A ball check valve
in the bottom serves to trap the debris in the chamber. These bailers are very successful
when used to clean sand or foreign materials from around a fishing neck, however, it is
slow and in soft debris, has a tendency to become stuck. It is good practice to use a
pump bailer to remove the bulk of sand and debris until it is resting on the tool to be
removed. Then a hydrostatic bailer may be used to clean inside the fishing neck and lock
mandrel.
182
 Conventional Impression Tool
A conventional impression tool is designed to allow operator to
take an impression of unknown objects within the tubing string. This
tool helps the operator to select the appropriate tool for the next
operation, to accomplish the desired objective.

It consists of a steel cylinder with an open bottom end, which is Impression of a Downhole Tool Dropped in a Well
filled with soft lead.

During operation, the tool is lowered into the well to the top of the
fish. A light to moderate downward stroke of the jars is usually
Lead Impression Block (LIB) Tool
sufficient enough to obtain an impression in the soft lead face.

This impression is then used to determine the type of tool

necessary for the next step in the fishing operation.
183
Impression Block (LIB)
Applications:
• Fishing Jobs, when there is
a need to determine the
condition of the
downhole fish or type of
obstruction.

184
Lead Impression Blocks

185
Junk in Hole
◼ Important to establish nature of junk.

◼ Lead impression blocks used to take image

of junk.

◼ Oriented tool useful in deviated hole

186
 Wireline Dowhnole Tools
REMEDIAL AND IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES
▪ Scale and wax removal using G.C
▪ Sand deposits removal using sand bailer
▪ Open minor TBG restriction due to Mechanical Damage using tubing swage
▪ Fishing :To retrieve any lost tools or wires or items in the well
▪ Gauge cutters, Scratchers, Tubing Swages, Tubing End Locator, Bailers.

ARTIFICIAL LIFT
▪ Installing and retrieving gas lift valves ( GLV )
▪ Installing and retrieving jet pump
▪ Swabbing activity
▪ Tubing punching for gas lift or killing

187
 Gauge Cutters
A gauge cutter is a part of the well integrity equipment. It is a standard practice to run a gauge cutter before
starting any other wireline operation in a well.

188
Gauge Cutters (G.C.)

Applications:
• Confirm Depth access with no obstruction
• Determine if running tools will pass freely.
• Remove light deposits of Paraffins or Scales.
• Sizes, TAGs !!!!!

189
Gauge Cutter

190

190
 Wire Scratchers
Wire scratchers are made from stem fitted with braided line or slickwire
(barbs or loops) on the body.

Their primary applications are:

• Dislodging deposits such as scale, sand and paraffin from the tubing
wall or nipple internal diameter (ID).
• Fishing small pieces of wireline lying loose in the well and to locate
nipples and side pocket mandrels.

Wire scratchers have some disadvantages.

• Require regular replacement, which is a time consuming process.
• The wire which makes up the scratcher can become detached or
broken downhole remaining in the well as debris.
• Generally made from stem fitted with 0.1875” braided line or slickline.
• Wire scratchers have no shear off facility.
191
 Wireline Brush
▪ Used to clean the tubing

▪ Can remove wax, broken packing from profiles

▪ Slightly larger than tubing I.D.

▪ Wire secured by grub (allen) screws

▪ Does not damage nipple seal bore

▪ Run either side of target depth (10ft-20ft)

192
 Magnetic Fishing Tool

Application:
▪ Fishing Jobs, when there is a
need to fish small pieces of
Ferrous Metal that prevents
latching fishing necks.

193
Blind Box

Applications:
▪ Dislodge stuck Subsurface Flow
Controls.
▪ Dislodge or Break Junk.
▪ Drive an object downhole.

194
 Tubing Swage
Tubing swage is used to restore minor restrictions caused by light collapse in the tubing string.

Tubing swaging operations should always

be run with hydraulic/spring jars to
enable jarring up out of restrictions.

Swages have no shear facility and can easily

become stuck in restrictions.

195
Tubing Swage

Applications:
• Open minor restrictions in tubing
caused by mechanical damage.

196
 Tubing Broach
The tubing broach is commonly used to remove minor burrs, scale, rust and other
hardened build-up
from the tubing walls.
Broaches come in several different designs and sizes to suit the needs of a specific
application.

197
 Tubing Broach
 This illustration is a “Segmented Broach” removing the minor buildup of scale collected at a tubing
coupling.

This illustration is a “Tapered Broach” removing tubing scale.

 Tubing End Locators
Tubing end locator is primarily used to locate the end of a tubing
string. This operation is normally carried out as a cross reference check
to the tubing tally. They are also used to correlate hold up depth
(HUD) using the bottom of the tubing as a reference.

The working principle is based on a spring loaded finger, which:

• trips to the horizontal position on exiting the tubing; and
• locates the tubing end on pulling back-up by the overpull
witnessed on the weight indicator.

A shear pin allows retrieval of the tool. When retrieving the toolstring,
the latch finger prevents entry into the production tubing. The depth is
recorded at this point. After shearing the pin, the latch finger falls
back into the pocket and the toolstring is retrieved.

199
 Tubing End Locator

Application:
• Locate Tubing End for Depth Correlation.

200
Tubing End Locators

201
Tubing Swabbing Mandrel

Applications:
• Remove fluid from wellbore.

202
 5
Wireline Operations

October 2022 203

WL Fishing
Tools &
Operations
204
 Fishing Operations
• Fishing operations encompass a vast range of problems, which are attributed to the nature of being unable
to be freed due to restriction in clearance, insufficient jarring action or the tools not well redressed before
commencing any wireline operations, rendering the tools to malfunction downhole.

• Accelerators must always be placed above the jar. An accelerator stores the energy that will be released
when the jar fires. It also protects the upper CT BHA components and the CT string from the shock load
caused by the jar impact.

• Accelerators may be either mechanical or hydraulic. Hydraulic accelerators are often called intensifiers.

The tools used for fishing operations are:

Magnetic Fishing Tool -- Blind Box -- Wire Finder -- Wire Grab -- Wire Cutting

205
Fishing Tool

206
Fishing

207
Fishing  Basic fishing operations

 Wire either broken at surface and is visible

 Probably broken at the measuring head - Why?

 Must likely caught in the Hay Pulley or Stuffing Box Wheel

 Or broken downhole – not visible


Wire Broke & Caught at Surface Tools
Free
Methods to Connect Wire for Spooling
Basic fishing operations

Wire broken at surface – remaining visible

Toolstring free to move – recover Wire back to Unit

 Magnetic Fishing Tool
The magnetic fishing tool/skirted magnet retrieves ferrous
debris from the top of tools in the well and prevents latching
fishing necks. It consists of a top sub-body complete with
fishing neck and pin connection, magnet and skirt.

The skirt is manufactured from a non-magnetic material

and has two main functions:
Magnetic Fishing Tool
• Preventing debris from being dislodged during retrieval
• Preventing hindrance during running and pulling by
keeping the magnet off the tubing wall

211
 Magnetic Fishing Tool

Application:
▪ Fishing Jobs, when there is a
need to fish small pieces of
Ferrous Metal that prevents
latching fishing necks.

212
Metal may be Recovered using Magnets

213
 Blind Box
The blind box is designed to jar an obstruction downward through the tubing string to a position where it can
cause least inconvenience.
It is used as means of breaking the wire at the rope socket, allowing the wire to be retrieved. It can also be
used as a drift. In such a case, the diameter of the blind box should be matched to the tubing in which it is to
be deployed.
A sample image of what a blind box looks like and where it fits in the assembly is shown on the right.

214
Blind Box

Applications:
▪ Dislodge stuck Subsurface Flow
Controls.
▪ Dislodge or Break Junk.
▪ Drive an object downhole.

215
Wire at Surface – Tools Stuck No Jars
Basic fishing operations

Wire at surface

Tool String struck : No Jar Action

What can we do?

• Continue working the wire in the hope the toolstring comes free.
• Over-pull until the wire breaks.
• Close a Christmas tree valve and cut the wire.
• Drop a wire cutter
 Wire Cutting Tools
Various tools can be used to cut the wire at
the rope socket of stuck toolstrings.

These tools are assembled around the wire at

the surface, above the Blow Out Preventers
(BOPs), and use the wire to guide them onto
the rope socket of the stuck toolstring.

• When the wire is broken downhole, a blind

box is used.
• When wire still runs to surface, the Flopetrol
Cutter, Kinley Snepper or the Go-Devil can
be used.
Kinley Snepper Cutter Flopetrol Cutter:
Interface Type
217
Kinley Sniper Wire at surface Toolstring
stuck (lost jar action)
Drop a Cutter

Go Devil FloPetrol
Wire Cutter: Go Devil (Fishing)

219
Dropping the Cutter Bar
Fishing  Fishing tools to retrieve wire
Recovering Wire

222
 Wire Finder
During fishing operations, a wire finder is used to locate and ball-up the broken end of wire that is in
preparation for retrieval.

223
Wire Finder
 Wire Grab
A wire grab is normally run after a wire finder. It is used to grab the ball of wire that is left in the hole. The barbs
tangle into the wire. The more the grab is pulled up, the tighter the wire grips the barbs.

225
Wire Grab

The Wire Grab is commonly used to

catch and retrieve Slickline that has
been balled-up.

The wire grab has been used

successfully in retrieving trash from the
tubing such as rubber elements, broken
springs, and other such debris that can
become entangled in the barbs.

226
Wire NOT Visible
Wire broken and is not visible (Lost Down Hole).

In this situation the standard practice is:

• Remove the Wire.

• Then remove the Tool String.

Fishing
Fishing

 Fishing tools to retrieve toolstrings with fishing necks

 Recovering a Toolstring Lost in Hole
 To recover lost toolstring:
 Clear wire from hole
 Clear wire debris from top of fishing neck
 Recover toolstring using fish-neck overshot

230
Fishing
 Fishing tools to retrieve tools without fishing necks
 Recovering a Broken Toolstring
 To recover broken toolstring:
 Recover the wire and other debris from around top of fish.
 Measure the bottom of broken equipment to determine fishing
profile.
 Run overshot to recover the fish.

232
 Fishing Tools
Overshot

To latch on downhole tools without External Fishing Neck

Spear

To latch on downhole tools without Internal Fishing Neck

233
Overshot Fishing Tool

234
Sizing Of The Blind Box
Sizing Of The Blind Box
 Sizing of Blind Box

 Prior to running a Blind Box (or LIB) the optimum size (diameter) must be determined. There are
hazards associated with running a Blind Box, hence the reason for calculating what size to run:

To small
 Getting stuck/wedged down the size of the fish.

To Big
 Cutting the wire at a restriction above the fish.
 “Balling” the wire above the Blind Box while pulling out of hole.

 This MINMUM size can be calculated by the following formula:

Sizing Of The Blind Box
Minimum OD for Blind Box:
Blind Box OD = Tubing ID – {(Rope Socket OD/2) – (Wire OD/2)}

Where the Rope Socket is laying against

Rope Socket Tubing

Wire

Blind Box
Sizing Of The Blind Box
 Blind Box Sizing

 The Slick-Line wire is broken resulting in the tool string falling back down the well to an expected
hold up depth of 8012 ft. BSV. In the 5 ½” 17lb/ft tubing

 The wire is .108” and the tool string has a 1-7/8” Rope Socket and Tool String.

 Minimum Blind Box Size:

 Min OD = Tubing ID – {(Rope Socket OD/2) – (Wire OD/2)}
 4.892” – {(1.875” / 2) – (.108” / 2)}
 = 4.0085”
Sizing Of The Blind Box
Max OD Bind Box

Formula: Max BB OD = Min ID – (wire od x 4)

Sizing Of The Blind Box
 Blind Box Sizing

 The Slick-Line wire is broken resulting in the tool string falling back down the well to an expected
hold up depth of 8012 ft. BSV. In the 5 ½” 17lb/ft tubing

 The wire is .108” and the tool string has a 1-7/8” Rope Socket and Tool String.

 Maximum Blind Box Size:

 Max OD = Min ID – (Wire OD x 4)
 = 4.892- (.108 x 4)
 = 4.46”
Exercise - Blind Box Sizing
 The Slick-Line wire is broken resulting in the tool string falling back down the well to an expected hold
up depth of 8012 ft. BSV. In the 5 ½” 17lb/ft tubing
 The wire is .108” and the tool string has a 1-7/8” Rope Socket and Tool String.

 Minimum Blind Box Size:

.
 Min OD = Tubing ID– {(Rope Socket OD/2) – (Wire OD/2)}
 4.892” – {(1.875” / 2) – (.108” / 2)}
 = 4.0085”
 Maximum Blind Box Size:
 Max OD = Min ID – (Wire OD x 4)
 = 4.892- (.108 x 4)
 = 4.46”
Shifting Tool
Operations
242
 SSD and Shifting Tool Operation
1. Serves to open or close Sliding Sleeve.
2. Selective & Non-Selective
3. Pressure equalization is compulsory prior opening SSD
4. Feature
• Key or Dog
• Self Releasing
• Safety Release

243
Sliding Sleeves Door (SSD)
 Also referred to as sliding side doors or circulating sleeves
 They are used to obtain access from the tubing to the tubing/casing annulus either for
fluid circulation or to permit a previously isolated zone to be produced
 They are opened and closed with a wireline tool (Shifting tool)
 These devices are typically placed above packers
 They are an essential requirement of multi-zone completions scheduled for selective
production

• Many types incorporate a nipple for the installation lock mandrel

 As Jet Pump X-Setting Nipple.

SSD Mechanism
•Different types of sleeves open in different directions,
that is to say, that not all open in the same direction
nor close in the same direction some types open up
and other open down

•It is named refer to the direction of open and the

profile of the nipple in top Port

CMD open with down jarring Sliding Sleeve

RD has R- nipple profile in the top and open with

down jarring.

XD has X- nipple profile in the top and open with

down jarring.
Closed
Open

XA & XU open Up
SSD Parts
Landing Nipple

Inner Sleeve

Equalizing Port

Body Threads
Shifting tool upper thread

With the 90 shoulder on keys facing DOWN

• Opens - XO, XD (XD larger Ports)
• Closes-XA
This is the shifting tool for opening
and closing it has two threads in
both directions connected with
slick line or CTU

With the 90 shoulder on keys facing UP

• Closes-XO,XD
lower thread
• Opens –XA
Shifting Tool

248
SELECTIVE & NON-SELECTIVE shifting tools
 Selective Down Shifting
▪ This tool would be used where you had
more than 1 SSD in the completion that
was a down shift to Open/Close

▪ The Operator will be able to selectively

shift which ever SSD he wished

142BO SHIFTING TOOL

X Selective Shifting Tool

This tool can be used to shift

either UP/Down

This tool would be used with a

suspension tool
 Non-Selective
Shifting tool
Single SSD
completion
(Up & Down)
INVERTED

Where 90 shoulder faces ???

Shear pin is mandatory for Jarring Up !! (two
functions)
extended shifting keys to locate in the SSD
Shifting keys TWO Scenarios of passing.
 SSD Opening Operation

Shear pin Jar down (No

RIH Extended Sit down 90 shoulder
inside SSD retraction due to Jar again Fully open SSD 45 shoulder slip releasing
shifting tool
collet shear pin)
 Selective
Shifting tool for XO and
XD
Multi SSD completion
(ONLY DOWN)

• No shear pin- What is the substitute !!

• RETRACTED Shifting keys (WHY & HOW) !!
• Can be used as Non-selective
• Selective Mechanism:
✓ Pull upwards through the SSD to non-selective
(upper dogs retraction).
✓ Sit down in the SSD and jar down.
SSD Selective

RIH Retracted collet Pass down, pull and latch

and extended dogs (Retracted dogs and extended
collet)
Pass up free Sit down collet 90 shoulder (non-selective)
and jar down till fully open
45 shoulder slip releasing
shifting tool
 Operation
1. Select the direction in which the tool will shift the sleeve and install on
the tool string with the 90 shoulder facing the direction of the required
movement.

2. Run into the SSD and locate.

3. Jar against the sleeve in the desired direction. If moving the sleeve
up, jars cannot be closed to hit a lick – Run into the SSD from below,
adjusting speed to give the desired impact.

4. Observe the lubricator gauge pressure CAREFULLY. Stop when the

pressure changes and WAIT until the pressure is equalized. The pressure
should be fully equalized through the four small ports in the sleeve prior
to the main flow ports being opened.

5. Continue jarring to fully open the SSD. The tool will automatically release
when the ID of the polished bore squeezes the raised portion of the keys.

6. The tool should be passed completely through the SSD three times to
check the SSD is fully open (or closed).

7. Pull out the hole and VISUALLY CHECK THE TOOL HAS NOT
SHEARED. If the steel shear pin has sheared, the sleeve MAY NOT
be fully open. Re-pin and rerun the tool. It is good operating practice
to check/replace the pin before each run as the pin could be partially
sheared from the jar action.

Note: To open an XO or XD sleeve and close an XA

sleeve, which is BELOW another SSD, the SELECTIVE
DOWNSHIFT tool must be used as it can pass through
upper SSD profiles and designed only for JARRING
DOWN.
Lock Mandrels
Plugs & SSSV
Operations
257
Plugs
• Removing the wellhead to make repairs to surface equipment
• Testing the production tubing
• Setting hydraulic packers
• Separating zones during production tests or data gathering

 Tubing plugs can be divided into four categories:

 • Plugs which hold pressure from below - pump through plugs (check valves)
 • Plugs which hold pressure from above - test plugs
 • Plugs which hold pressure from both directions - positive plugs
 • Plugs which hold pressure to set values - pump out plugs (shear plug)

258
 Plugs
 1. Pump Through Plugs (check valves)
• Plugs designed to hold pressure differential from below only are generally termed "pump
through" plugs.
• A pump through plug is generally run below a lock mandrel and equalising device, and
run into the well in the closed position with the flow ports on the equalising sub open.
Once the lock mandrel has been set in the landing nipple, the action of setting the plug
(i.e. shearing off from the running tool) will move the equalising device into the closed
position.

259
Tubing Plug for
Wellhead Work

Applications for:

 Holding Pressure Differentials from Below Only

 Standard Weight Tubing
 Deviations Up to 45 Degrees
 Installation Into Otis X® Landing Nipple
 Pump Through to Control Well
 Available In -
 Sizes for 2 3/8” to 5 1/2” Production Tubing
 Pressure Ratings Up to 15,000 psi (1035 Bar)
Differentials
 Plugs
 2. Test Plugs
 Two types of test tool are available:
 • Selective type : Selective test tools are used in a number of applications,
such as to test the tubing or activate hydraulic set packers. The tool is run
with keys retracted to a point below the desired nipple. Pulling the tool up
through the nipple releases the locking keys to set the tool. Pressure from
above will be held by the plug.
 • Non-selective type: Non-selective test tools are designed to hold pressure
from above using a drop valve equalising assembly. The tool is landed in the
no-go landing nipple. When landed, pressure from above is sealed by the
drop valve, seal ring and V packing. In order to retrieve the test plug, the
drop valve is moved off its seat with a pulling tool to equalise the pressure.

261 Non Selective Test Plug

Tubing Plug to Set Packer

Applications for:

• Holding Pressure Differentials from Either Direction

• Heavy Weight Tubing
• Deviations Up to 70 Degrees
• Installation Into Otis RN® Landing Nipple
• Conditions Where Sediment Might Occur
• Available In -
• Sizes for 1 1/4” to 8 5/8” Production Tubing
• Pressure Ratings Up to 15,000 psi (690 Bar)
Differentials
Test Plugs
 This category of plugs hold pressure from above only

 Uses of test tools:

1. To test tubing
2. Set hydr. Packer
3. Protect lower formation while stimulation upper zone

 The following precaution must be carried out if requested to leave the wire in hole:

1. test lubricator
2. make sure that TBG is clean
3. after test bleed off TBG very slowly

 Designed to set in X-N

 All (v) packing up ward check valve for equalizing rubber and metal seal.

 Running tool: SSJ or SB

 Pulling tool: RB or SB
 Modified PX Test Tool
N TEST TOOL
• Press. from above only
• V packing on lock and prong face up
wards Fishing Neck
Roll Pin
• Lock mandrel run without keys so, it can Seal Retainer
run in one trip Drop (Dart)

• Pulling might be both or individual Cage Seal Ring

• Use this will minimize risk of stuck due to

scale Seal Insert
• Hole through bottom of sub.
Packing Nut O - Ring
• Prong is V- packing type - not element Male Adapter
V Packing
Female Adapter

Adapter Mandrel
 X - Selective Test Tool
N TEST TOOL
• Locate leaks
• Set hydraulic packers Fishing Neck

• Hold press. From above Roll Pin

Seal Retainer

• It can set in X or XN nipple Drop (Dart)

Cage Seal Ring

• It can run selective or non-selective
• Designed for high press. 8000 to
10,000(depend size) Seal Insert

• It can test way up to same trips Packing Nut O - Ring

Male Adapter
• Can set in SSD V Packing
• Can isolate leaking TBG section Female Adapter

Adapter Mandrel
 Tubing Plug to Test Tubing
• Applications for:
• Holding Pressure Differentials from Above Only
• Heavy Weight Tubing
• Deviations Up to 70 Degrees
• Installation Into OTIS® Brand Q and OTIS Brand® RN Landing
Nipples
• Available in:
• Sizes for 2 ” to 4 1/2 ” Production Tubing
• Pressure Ratings Up to 5000 psi. (350 Bar) Differentials
 Plugs
 3. Positive Plugs
 Positive plugs provide the ability to hold pressure from above
or below. Positive plugs are normally assembled to a lock
mandrel/equalising assembly and set in a landing nipple in
the tubing string. The two run type (i.e. two trips to run or pull
the plug) is designed to be used where sand, scale or
sediment is present in a well which may collect on the plug
and restrict wireline operations. Prior to retrieving the plug
from the wellbore, a prong is removed from the plug housing,
providing an equalisation path across the plug.

Two trip and one trip positive plug 267

Tubing Plug to Isolate or
Separate Zones
Applications for
 Holding Pressure Differentials from Either
Direction
 Standard Weight Tubing
 Deviations Up to 45 Degrees
 Installation Into Otis X® Landing Nipple
 Available In -
 Sizes for 1 1/4” to 5 1/2” Production Tubing
 Pressure Ratings Up to 10,000 psi (690 Bar)
Differentials
 Plugs
 4. Pump Out Plugs
 Pump out plugs (shear plugs): In conditions where dirt or debris
may accumulate above the plug, preventing latching of the
pulling tool, then pump out plugs should be considered. When
it is expected that dirt or debris may accumulate above a plug
a sieve (with extensions) should be installed. It's possible that the
amount of dirt above the plug will make shear-out of the disk
impossible. Equalising is accomplished by pressurizing the
tubing above the plug to shear the pins, or discs, allowing the
well to flow, and subsequent retrieval of the plug. A
disadvantage of this type of plug is the variations in shear
values of the pins or discs, due to the inconsistencies in the
materials used.

Pump out plugs,

269 with shear pins and shear disc
 O-ring Seal
Pump-Open Plugs
Hew Parts
 The pump-open plug is a positive plug that holds
Release Pins pressure from either direction but can be pumped
open by applying excess surface pressure.
Pump-Open Valve Pump-open plugs serve as temporary tubing
plugs that can be pumped open and used for
Pug Body production without retrieving by slickline.
 Pump-open plugs consist of a plug body, plug
cap and pump open valve.

Plug Cap

Pump Open Plug

 X Equalizing Sub
XX Plug No – Go Housing
 Two plugs for x and xn locks: O – Ring
Equalizing holes
1. XX plug (ONE RUN WITHOUT PRONG – MELON MANDREL) Valve
2. PX plug (TWO RUNS WITH PRONG)
 XX plug to run in clean wells
 Running: use running prong to keep
 Melon held off seat to make a by-pass O – Ring (On 3- ½
and bigger sizes
 Pulling - run prong with gr only)
 To make plug valve cap below equa. sub.
 Note: External recognition of x sub - equal holes close to no-go shoulder.
Valve Cap.
 ONE RUN WITHOUT PRONG
Melon Mandrel
Pushing XX Plug

272
Animation for XX Plug Setting &
Retrieving

273
 P Equalizing Sub

PX Plug
 Designed to be run in wells having scale or sand or any deposits.
External fishing neck is easier if bailing is required.
 Running: (p) prong is run on sb (check running tool correctly to be Prong
sheared.
 Two trips to run px and pxn
 Pulling pull p prong using sb Fluid By – Pass Hole
 Equalization occures during the time of pooh with prong. and run
GR No – Go Housing
 A valve cap screw below equalize sub Seal Elements
Equalizing holes
 Standard equalizing holes are 3/32 if increased in case of heavy
Fluid, don't use it in thin oil or gas, might get below up the hole.
O – Ring (3 – ½” and
 P prong is available in 2 sets of v packing instead of grommet seal.
bigger sizes only)

 Long And Short Prong.

Valve Cap.

 TWO RUNS WITH PRONG

 Slickline Retrievable Bridge Plug (Slick Plug)

• SIM Plug (SLB)

• Mono-Lock Plug (Halliburton)

275
Nipple-Less Plugs – RUNNING PROCEDURES
 The slick plug is a slickline set, retrievable bridge plug where only mechanical manipulation of the wireline is required for setting and retrieval.

 The plug was developed to be used in monobore, nippleless completions but is also used in conventional completion designs, where access to nipples is either
restricted or inappropriate. The plug itself consists of five basic components:

 • Upper Slips

 • Element

 • Lower Slips and Set/Unset Mechanism

 • Drag Mechanism

 • Load Transfer Sleeve

 1. Make-up SIM Hanger / Plug to Toolstring / Stab-on Lubricator / Open Xmas Tree:
• Ensure minimum 8ft x 2 ½” Stem and Long Stroke Spang Jars incorporated in toolstring – consult Well Files for previous
toolstring configuration.
• Zero SIM Hanger / Plug at Element against Tubing Hanger – if applicable, ensure corrected RKB depth noted prior to RIH.
If Running SIM Hanger - ensure Memory Gauge length recorded and be mindful of actual Memory Gauge depth when
setting.
• Install SIM Hanger / Plug into Lubricator taking care to ensure Running Tool ‘J’ in “RIH” position. If the Running Tool slips
activate simply pick up and rotate ‘J’ to “RIH” position.
• Pick-up toolstring / SIM Hanger / Plug to Stuffing Box and slowly equalize / open Xmas Tree - record CITHP

276
Nipple-Less Plugs – RUNNING
PROCEDURES
 2. Run in hole and set SIM Hanger / Plug:
• RIH SIM Hanger / Plug at no more than 200ft per minute – taking care at TRSCSSV and other restrictions. Note
fluid level if possible.
• Run down 10ft past setting depth and pick-up to 2ft above setting depth. (Ensure pick-up weight recorded at
this stage) In order to land tool, sit down using reasonable line speed. If desired depth not attained - simply
repeat the process until correct setting depth reached.
• Jar down minimum 30 times and set SIM Hanger / Plug. Take a minimum of a 200lb over pull to ensure SIM
Hanger / Plug correctly set. Jar up to shear-off - releasing Running Tool from SIM Hanger / Plug. Take pick-up
weight and confirm loss of weight indicating SIM Hanger / Plug set.
• RIH 4.500” Peak MATS / 5.0-” Nom. GS Pulling Tool and latch SIM Hanger / Plug Body. Take 200lbs overpull to
confirm set and jar-down to shear and release from SIM Hanger / Plug Body.
• POOH c/w SIM Running Tool - taking care returning through restrictions. Bleed down Lubricator and remove
SIM Running Tool from toolstring. Check 6 x Shear Screws sheared and all SIM Running Tool components intact.
• DO not jar down heavily or sit the tools down heavily whilst P.O.O.H. and lowering the tools from the lubricator.

277
Nipple-Less Plugs – RUNNING PROCEDURES
 3. RIH and Set SIM Plug Prong:
• Slowly RIH SIM Plug Prong and sit down on top of SIM Plug. Record tag depth of SIM Plug and jar down to shear pin in Shearable Centralizer /
Protection Sleeve.
• Continue to RIH (approximately 3ft) and jar down to set prong / shear pin in 3.00” SB / JDC. Record setting depth and take pick-up weight and
confirm SIM Plug Prong set.
• POOH c/w sheared 3.00” SB / JDC.
 4. RIH and Retrieve SIM Plug Prong:
• RIH 3.00” SB / JDC Pulling Tool.
• RIH and latch SIM Plug Prong. Take a minimum of 20lbs over pull and confirm latched. Sit down and jar up at speed to prevent tools possibly
being “blown” up hole and retrieve SIM Plug Prong. Take pick-up weight and confirm SIM Plug Prong retrieved.
• POOH c/w SIM Plug Monitor CITHP for changes. Prong.
• Bleed down Lubricator and remove 3.00” SB / JDC and SIM Plug Prong from toolstring - confirm retrieved components intact.
 5. RIH and Retrieve SIM Hanger / Plug:
• RIH 4.500” Peak MATS / 5.0” Nom. GS Pulling Tool + 5.50” Probe
• Continue to RIH, sit down and latch SIM Hanger / Plug. Jar down five times to shear Brass Shear Screws in Key Support Sub and pick-up to confirm
SIM Plug released.
• After SIM Plug released – Stop and wait 30 minutes to allow the Element to relax.
• POOH c/w SIM Plug at 200ft per minute taking care returning through TRSCSSV and other restrictions.
• Bleed down Lubricator and remove 4.500” Peak MATS / 5.0” Nom. GS Pulling Tool and SIM Hanger / Plug from toolstring and confirm all SIM
Hanger / Plug components intact.
278
Sub Surface Safety Valves (SSSVs)

279
 Equalization
➢Self equalizing
➢Non equalizing

Self-equalising Flapper
Kickover Tool
Operations
281
Side Pocket Mandrel

282
 Kick Over Tools
Kick over tools are required when running or pulling valves such as gas lift valves, chemical injection valves
and dummy valves into and from side pocket mandrels.

A kick over tool consists of the following

components, from top to bottom.
• Fishing neck and pin thread
connections

• Locating finger
• Kick/bow springs
• Centre spring or arm assembly with
box thread connections
• Arm housing (in tools with arms)
• Running or pulling tool

283
Side Pocket Mandrel parts

1. Orientation guide to orientate

wireline tool, kick-over tool
2. (side) pocket for gas lift valve
3. Upper seal bore
4. Ports (communication to annulus)
5. Lower seal bore
6. Recess for latching gas lift valve in
place
GLV Setting and Retrieving Fishneck

285

JK upper neck with Metal Shear Pin & JDC Lower Neck with BRASS Shear Pin
GLV setting by JDC (Shear Down)

Fish neck
KOT Operations Procedures

 The operation of the kick over tool is:

 1. The kickover tool is run below the mandrel. Since the tool is locked in a rigid position, it is designed not to
kick over accidentally.
 2. The kick over tool is raised until its key engages the kickover sleeve in the mandrel. Continued upward
movement rotates the tool unit until its key enters a slot. When the key reaches the top of the slot, the
operator is notified by a weight increase displayed on the weight indicator. The tool is now properly
orientated.
 3. The pivot arm is designed to swing out and lock in position due to additional pull (approximately 200 lbs
above the free weight of tool and line). This action locates the valve or pulling tool above the pocket or
latch on the gas lift valve.
 4. The mandrel is designed to guide the valve or pulling tool to accurately land the valve or engage the
latch on the gas lift valve.
 5. A straight, upward pull shears a pin when the key reaches the top of the slot. This action allows the trigger
to guide freely out of the slot and through the tubing. When the pivot arm reaches the small upper section of
the mandrel, it is designed to snap back and lock into its vertical running position, reducing drag on the toll
and valve as it is removed.

 Kick-over tools are available to install or retrieve 1" or 1 1/2" OD side pocket devices from conventional or
deviated well completions.

288
Kick over tool positions
SPM

290
Setting GLV

291
Thru-Tubing
Perforating
292
Tubing Perforator

Applications:
• Mechanically Punch a Hole in the
Tubing Wall.

293
OTIS Type A Perforator

 APPLICATIONS: The Type A Otis Perforator is a mechanically-operated

perforator used to perforate standard and heavy-wall tubing. Perforating
procedures are carried out under pressure with standard wire-line tools.

 No explosives are used, The danger of premature perforating is reduced

and (he possibility of perforating the casing is eliminated, Applications have
included perforating to
i. Provide access to casing annulus to circulate or kill the well
ii. Bring in additional production zones.
iii. Permit production through tail pipe that has been plugged for remedial
procedures and cannot he opened by regular methods.
iv. To gas lift old wells that do not have gas lift mandrels.
OTIS Type A Perforator
 BENEFITS OF DESIGN PRLNCIPIE
i. Greater tubing penetration.
ii. Positive indication of perforation on removal of tool.
iii. Safety release mechanism used for removal of perforator from tubing without perforating.
iv. Perforator is designed to withdraw punch and release automatically after perforating.
v. Utilizes upward jarring for perforating action. (Otis pie - fix (Part No.) is 62A0)
OTIS Type A Perforator
OTIS Type A Perforator
 The standard size of hole punched by the perforator
is 318” hut this can be varied ± 1I16” (i.e. 5116 or 7116)
by changing the punch and bushing. PART NAME
1 Body
 An alternative is to use the Kinley explosive perforator 2 Shear Pin (2)
which cart also be used to install orfice inserts. Otis 3 Busing
are licensed to run this device. 4 Punch
5 Punch Holder
6 Housing Weld
7 Catch
8 Spring
9 Dowell Pin
10 Soc. Hd. Set Scw.
11 Shear Pin
 TUBING

PERFORATION
PUNCH
PORT A

CATCH

PORT B

STOP SET PERFORATION BEGUN PERFORATION COMPLETED

Otis Tubing A Perforator
 Mechanically Operated Perforator Using To Perforate Standard And Heavy Wall Tbg.

 Application To Make Perforation.

1. To Kill The Well
2. Bring Additional Zone
3. To Used Lifting By Gas And No GLM
Benefits of Design
1. Greater tbg penetration
2. Positive indication of perforation
3. Safety release mechanism used to removal without perf.
4. Utilizing upward jarring for perf.
5. An alternative use Kenly explosive perf.
Preparation
1. Function test- open and close freely, bushing is tight on punch Body
and move with it. Shear pin
Slips
2. Stell pin is place at the bottom.
Punch
3. 2 short brass pins place in the upper holes. Punch Holder

4. Wedge is coated with high press. Grease operation: Port

Housing
 Perforator can run with collar stop or separately.
Catch
Double Tapered
 Don't jar down hard to shear bottom pin-no perf. Wedge Spring

 Hydraulic jar can be used.

Port
 Equalizing Spring
Retainer
 Check specifications of perforator match tbg weight Spring Set Screw

Dowell Pin
Safety Shear Pin
 Punch Perforation

Safety
catch

Perforation Perforation Safety Catch

Stop Set Begun Complete Latched
 1. Pre – setting stop 2. Running with stop attached.

Perforator: Running Optional

Type “A” Perforator

• While pressure should equalise as soon as

hole is punched and before punch is Stem Spacer
(optional)
withdrawn the operator should be aware
that it is possible to be blown up the Knuckle
Blind Box Joint
hole. Keep a hind on wire after each
upward lick.
• Check specifications of perforator mach
tubing weight prior to using. “T” Perforator Stop

“F” Collar Stop. “F” Tubing Stop. Perforator Stop.

“L” Collar Locator
Running Tool : SB
Pulling : SB
 Tubing Stop Roll Pin
The F Collar Stop is designed to be set in the collar recesses
of EU and NU tubing.

It is run and pulled on an SB pulling tool.

 To set any where in TBG.
To run, place collet in the lower position (as shown) and
 Run and pulled with SB. Body squeeze together in a vice until springs snap together.
This holds the shoulders “retracted” during running.
 PERFORATOR COLLER STOP
Pin in the downward position.
 Same as (F) but attached with perf. in the same time.
Run into the tubing to below desired collar. Pick-up,
tripping springs, and set down into collar. Jar down to lock
 PERFORATOR/COUPLING LOCATOR and shear off.
Coller Latch with SB to pull by jarring upwards
 (T) perf. Stop same as F TBG stop but attach direct to perf.
Weldment

 (L) Collar locator to screw with T perf stop to avoid punch

 F Collar Stop
• Set in collar recess of EU and NU TBG.
• Run and pull with SB.
Roll Pin

 Release Spring

302
 MANDREL TYPE “C”
RUNNING TOOL

SHEAR PINS
(ONE EACH SIDE)

COLLET

ROLL PIN

SHEAR PIN

ROLL PINS

TRIP
SPRINGS

Figure 9.H – Collet Stop Figure 9.I – Set the Figure 9.J – Pinning
Collet Stop the Collet Stop
 F Tubing Stop
 The F tubing stop is designed to set in all tubing (except plastic’ coated) and
hold force from the top.
 It is run and pulled on an SB.
 Run slowly to desired depth then over run slips to grip tubing wall. If position is
incorrect pick up and re-position. Jar down to set tight and shear SB.
 6
Wireline Emergency Scenarios

October 2022 305

Leak above BOPs with Slickline in Hole

306
Stuffing Box leak (Slickline)

307
Leak above BOPs with Braided line in
Hole

308
Leak below BOPs with braided line /
slickline in hole

309
 Abnormal Operations
◼ Lost Grease Seal

◼ Tools Lost/Stuck in Hole

◼ Hydrates

◼ H2S

◼ Stranded Line

310
 Lost Grease Seal
Why?
◼ Cable speed too fast
◼ Loose grease tubes
◼ Ran out of grease
◼ Loss of air supply
◼ Contaminated grease
◼ Grease viscosity too low/
high
◼ Plugged / Broken injection
line
What to do?
◼ STOP
◼ Increase grease pressure
◼ If lost seal continues:
◼ Close packoff
◼ Close Return Line
◼ Stop grease and fix problem
◼ Start grease injection
◼ Open the return line
◼ Release packoff
◼ Continue Operations
311
 Tools Lost/Stuck in Hole
◼ If tools become stuck, pull 75% of the spider weak point rating on the first try.

◼ If you have to pull off, do not do so at night.

Before pulling off:

◼ Notify Company Representative

◼ Notify Manager

◼ Hold Safety Meeting.

◼ Calculate Balance Point

◼ Clear rig floor/well area

◼ Release packoff/line wiper

◼ Increase grease pressure 312

 Hydrates
◼ Crystalline solids formed by chemical combination of natural gas and free water.

◼ Appearance of snow/ice like particles.

◼ Can form at temperatures up to 24°C.

◼ Hydrates can make exiting a well difficult.

◼ If seal is lost, Hydrates can form in flow tubes.

◼ Pressure testing with methanol/glycol can reduce the possibility of hydrate

formation.

◼ Injection of methanol/glycol can reduce the possibility of hydrate formation.

◼ Increase grease pressure (use chemical injection sub.)

313
 HS2

◼ Use H2S equipment in all wells where unknown concentrations occur.

◼ Use H2S equipment in all wells where Partial Pressure >0.05.

◼ Partial Pressure = Wellhead Pressure x H2S ppm x .000001

◼ Use H2S equipment in all wells where H2S <150K ppm and total pressure >65
psi

◼ Use H2S equipment in all wells H2S > 150K ppm

◼ All H2S equipment shall conform to NACE MR 01-75.

314
 Stranded Line
How to Tell?
◼ Weight increases coming out of hole

◼ Bottom Sheave may jump up and down

◼ Visual determination

◼ Bump up line, feels jumpy

◼ Lost seal

◼ Grease has to seal space of lost armor

315
Stranded Line: How to Recover?

316
Stranded Line: How to Recover?

317
Stranded Line: How to Recover?

318
 8
Wireline Testing

October 2022 319

Wire
• Slickline manufactured from various materials & alloys with different chemical compositions to suit
different well conditions (IPS –UHT – SS 316 – Supa 75).
• Each alloy has many slickline sizes
• The mechanical properties of Slickline (weight – breaking strength ) depends on type of material
or alloy and its size

• Maximum amount of straight pull

 60% to 65% of minimum breaking strength
• Maximum amount of heavy jarring
 50% of minimum breaking strength
Wireline Testing
 The photo’s below show the three general ways of testing wirelines in service. This is strongly
recommended to enable you to monitor deterioration in the wire and prevent failure of the wireline
downhole.

 For API9A & UHT wirelines, the torsion test (fig. A) is an 8” sample of the used wireline being twisted
around its own axis until fracture occurs. Number of turns gives an indication of quality.

 For stainless or alloy wirelines, the wrap test (fig. B) is a sample of wire wrapped in a tight helix around
its own diameter, without failure or signs of surface rupture.

 For the full range of wirelines there is also the wire tester (fig. C), which takes a sample of the wireline
and fixing both ends by rope sockets, pulls the wireline to destruction. This gives a tensile reading of
the used wireline which you can compare to test results you achieve with an original new sample of
this wire. This can then be added to the monitoring system you have in place.
Slickline - Testing
 Torsion testing using special
 Used to test IPS
 Set length of line
 The rotations counted
 Fracture inspected
 Four different scenarios possible
Slickline “Wireline” Ductility Test
Twist tests performed
 This test piece shows no spiral splitting along its
length and the primary fracture is perfectly
square ended. This type of fracture is considered
suitable for further use under most
circumstances.
Slickline “Wireline” Twist Tests
Twist tests performed
 A primary break that is squared ended may be accompanied
by secondary breaks featuring fractured faces.

 These secondary breaks are caused by the instantaneous

release of stored energy when the primary break occurs. Such
breaks indicate a marginal reduction to the slickline ductility.
The slickline quality is indicated by the characteristics of the
primary break.

 This test piece shows waviness and a slight spiral splitting along
its length. The primary fracture is still squared ended. This type of
fracture is usually associated with a reduce number of twists to
failure. Although this is an indication of reduced quality, the
slickline could be considered suitable for further limited service.
Slickline – Testing Wrap Test
 Used to determine condition of alloy and stainless lines
 Line wrapped around its own diameter
 Number of rotations – inspect for fractures
 Straight pull tester

 Twist tests performed

 Stainless steel slickline cannot be twist tested. It usually takes very few
twists to break the wire.

 A wrap test is recognized as a good indication of alloy wire ductility. This

test consist of 10 - 360 degree tight wraps around it’s own diameter
without any indications of fractures or surface cracking.
Eng.ahmed.mawla@gmail.com 326

00201274437148