676 Chapter 14: Introduction to Microwave Systems

FIGURE 14.10 Diagram of the DBS system for Example 14.4.

Find (a) the link budget for the received carrier power at the antenna terminals,
(b) G/T for the receive antenna and LNB system, (c) the CNR at the output of the
LNB, and (d) the link margin of the system.
Solution
We will take the operating frequency to be 12.45 GHz, so the wavelength is 0.0241
m. From (14.26) the path loss is
 

4π R (4π ) (39 × 106 )

L 0 = 20 log = 20 log = 206.2 dB
λ 0.0241

(a) The link budget for the received power is

Pt = 120 W = 50.8 dBm
G t = 34.0 dB
L 0 = (−)206.2 dB
G r = 33.5 dB
Pr = −87.9 dBm = 1.63 × 10−12 W.
(b) To find G/T we first find the noise temperature of the antenna and LNB cas-
cade, referenced at the input of the LNB:
Te = T A + TLNB = Tb + (F − 1)T0 = 50 + (1.175 − 1)(290) = 100.8 K.
Then G/T for the antenna and LNB is
2239
G/T (dB) = 10 log = 13.5 dB/K.
100.8
(c) The CNR at the output of the LNB is
Pr G LNB 1.63 × 10−12
CNR = = = 58.6 = 17.7 dB.
kTe BG LNB (1.38 × 10−23 )(100.8)(20 × 106 )
Note that G LNB , the gain of the LNB module, cancels in the ratio for the output
CNR.

(d) If the minimum required CNR is 15 dB, the system link margin is 2.7 dB. ■

Radio Receiver Architectures

The receiver is usually the most critical component of a wireless system, having the over-
all purpose of reliably recovering the desired signal from a wide spectrum of transmit-
ting sources, interference, and noise. In this section we will describe some of the critical