170 REVIEWS OF BOOKS

life of the brotherhood and on the frankness with which delicate

sexual matters were discussed in the Community. We find from the
Concordance that this term occurs nowhere else but in the
Patimokkha (the confessional and disciplinary) part of the Vinaya
Pitaka.
Not all Canonical books have been indexed and excerpted. It
appears, however, that the main texts have been concorded
sufficiently to guarantee the usefulness of the work even in its
unfinished state.
There is another desideratum. For example, the phrase anga-
paccanga is listed with Majjhima references only, so that one is led
to believe that it is peculiar to M.; but if one had had the references
in which it occurs compounded with sabba- (e.g. sabbangin) one
would see that it is frequent also in other texts (Dtgha, etc.).
The Concordance can never be popular or have an immediate
effect on the lay-folk since it is composed in a specialist's language,
Pali. It is, however, inestimable for expert scholars with a thorough
knowledge of Pali. The user should be able to discriminate between
the original word of Gotama Buddha and later, biased, monkish
emendation and addition : even the Canonical books cover a period
of at least three centuries. Employed by scholars it should be a
means of establishing reliable texts of the Scriptures and of judging
the books in their right perspective.
For the study of Pali it does not and cannot replace the dictionary >
but it forms a valuable corollary to it.
The finished Concordance will amount to about eight volumes of
500 pp. each. It is useless to speculate about the probable date of
its completion, for this, in the words of the Homeric Concordance
iv yovvaot, Ketrai ".
W. STEDE.

South-East Asia
I. MALAY/INDONESIAN-DUTCH AND DUTCH-MALAY/INDONESIAN
DICTIONARIES.
1. KAMOES INDONESIA (IND.-NEDERLANDS, NED.-IND.).
pp. 428. By A. L. N. KRAMER, Sr. 1948. G. B. Van Goor
Zonen's Uitgeversmij. N.V.'s Gravenhage-Batavia. Fl. 8-75.
2. KAMUS BELANDA KETJIL (BELANDA-INDONESIA DAN INDONESIA-
BELANDA). By ABDUL KADIR dan A. L. N. KRAMER, Sr.
pp.574. 2nd. ed. Van Goor. 1953. f. 4-50.
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 REVIEWS OF BOOKS 171
3. INDONESISCH-NEDERLANDS WOORDENBOEK. By W. J. S.
POERWADARMINTA en Dr. A. TEEUW. 369 pp. F. 7-50.
J. B. Wolters, Gronirigen, Djakarta, 1950; 2nd revised
edition, 1952. pp. 383.
4. KAMOES ISTILAH. I. ASING-INDONESIA, II. INDONESIA-ASING.
Preface by ALISJAHBANA. pp. 191 and 175, Penerbit Kebang-
saan Poestaka Kakjat, Djakarta, 1945 and 1947.
5. ISTILAH-ISTILAH di-himpunkan oleh KOMISI ISTILAH dari
LEMBAGA BAHASA dan BUDAJA, FAKULTET SASTRA dan
FILSAFAT, Universitet Indonesia di-Djakarta. Nrs. 6-8:
Lampiran, " Bahasa dan Budaja," Nrs. 1-3, 1952, '3, '3 ;
pp. 40, 28, 32.

II. INDONESIAN-INDONESIAN DICTIONARIES.

6. LOGAT KETJIL BAHASA INDONESIA. By W. J. S.
POERWADARMINTA. 3rd ed. 143 pp. J. B. Wolters, 1951.
F.2-65.
7. KAMUS SAKU BAHASA INDONESIA. By EEKSOSISWOIO. ST. MUH.
SAID dan A. SUTAN PAMUNTJAK n.s. (ABAS). 104 pp., J. B.
Wolters, 1952.
8. KAMOES INDONESIA. By E. ST. HARAHAP. 493 pp., 8th impr.
G. Kolff and Co. Batavia, 1948.
9. KAMUS-BESAR BAHASA INDONESIA. By HASSAN NOEL ARIFIN.
595 pp. Firma Oei Han Beng and H. N. Arifin, Djakarta,
1951.
10. KAMUS UMUM BAHASA INDONESIA. By W. J. S.
POERWADARMINTA. 903 pp. Balai Pustaka, Djakarta, 1952.
R.40.

III. MALAY/INDONESIAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-MALAY/INDO-

NESIAN DICTIONARIES.
11. KAMUS BAHASA INGGERIS-INDONESIA. By S. WOJOWASITO,
W. J. S. POERWADARMINTA, and S. A. M. GAASTRA. 282 pp.
2nd ed., W. Versluys, N.V., Amsterdam, Djakarta, 1952.
12. VAN GOOR'S KAMUS INGGERIS KETJIL (INGGERIS-INDONESIA
dan IND.-INGG.). By KRAMER. Van Goor. 1952. 359 pp.
F. 4-50.
13. KAMUS KANTONG INGGERIS (INGGERIS-INDONESIA dan IND.-
INGG.). By KRAMER. Van Goor. 1953. pp.436.

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 172 REVIEWS OF BOOKS

14. A PRACTICAL MODERN MALAY-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. By SIR

RICHARD WINSTEDT. pp. 204. Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., Singa-
pore, 1953. $5.00. With Arabic Spellings, $7.50 ($=2s.4d.).
15. A PRACTICAL ENGLISH-MALAY DICTIONARY. By SIR RICHARD
WINSTEDT. pp.388. Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., 1953. $7-50.
There has been a great increase in the number of Malay dictionaries
since the war. Van Ronkel's well-known dictionary (fifth impression
with a supplement by A. L. N. Kramer, 1946) has been replaced by
the first of the above works and brought up to date, although so
rapidly is Indonesian evolving that already it must be used with
caution. The second work in the list is very useful for ordinary
purposes, the words being well-chosen and definitions concise.
Simultaneously with the dictionary by Van Pernis (reviewed on
p. 80 of the last Journal) appeared the dictionary by that Nestor of
Indonesian lexicographers, Poerwadarminta, and Dr. Teeuw. This
most useful work was published officially in Djakarta and quickly
ran into a second edition.
The two Kamus Istilah were designed to meet Indonesia's need
for technical terms. Dating from the time of the Japanese invasion
they have been thumbed by many. The pamphlets entitled Istilah-
Istilah were the result of fresh enthusiasm to forge new terms, a task
entrusted to an official board which lays verbal eggs that are certain
to hatch in popular and scientific publications of the near future.
Of Indonesian dictionaries in Indonesian, item 6 above contains
10,000 words of common use with their derivatives. The authors of
the next on the list are one of them a Javanese and two Sumatrans :
their vocabulary consists of 5,000 words.
More important than ephemeral vocabularies are the next four
items. In 1948 (when Penang saw the publication of a Kamus
Melayu by Haji Shamsu'd-din bin Muhammad Yunus) Harahap
gave us the eighth impression of a work, containing, like that by
Hassan Noel Arifin, 12,000 words, with innumerable short eluci-
dating sentences. But largest, most valuable, and informative of
the dictionaries for Indonesians is that by the experienced
Poerwadarminta, who has had at his disposal word-lists collected
by himself and his assistants for the Bureau for Investigation of
Indonesian Languages.
The first of the Indonesian-English works is not flawless. Like
the two that follow (Nos. 12 and 13 above), it was compiled
for teaching English in secondary schools.
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 REVIEWS OP BOOKS 173
The Dutch word laat (late) has as a superlative (latest, last) laatste
or lest and, reserving the best things for the end, one says " lest
best". Sir Richard Winstedt has selected words of daily use or
literary vogue and brought his vocabularies up to date, though as
nowadays Malay is being continually enriched by new words there
can be no finality. But contemporary words are well-chosen and
well-translated in two volumes printed in England. Those who want
more words or shades of meaning can always turn to the author's
big " English-Malay Dictionary ".
C. HOOYKAAS.

/ SANSKRIT IN INDONESIA. By Professor J. GONDA. Vol. 28 of the

V Sarasvati Vihara Series. The International Academy of Indian
Culture. Nagpur, 1952. £3 5s.
No better monument to the legacy of scholarship bequeathed by
Holland to Indonesia could be erected than this absorbing volume.
As its author remarks, any new edition of an Old Javanese text will
provide new Sanskrit loan-words and almost all the dictionaries of
Indonesian languages are incomplete as well as our knowledge of the
relations between India and the races of the Malay archipelago. But
a Sanskritist with the relevant philological studies of all Europe at
his command and a profound acquaintance with Dutch research in
the Indonesian field, Professor Gonda has produced a book that
time will enlarge and revise but hardly supersede. For this is no
mere assortment of disjecta membra: where Juynboll nods, Professor
Gonda has corrected, and where the earlier research of van der
Tuuk and Kern lacked data, he has supplemented and revised.
To English scholars it is gratifying to note the extensive use made
of one of the greatest dictionaries of a Malayo-Polynesian language,
the Malay-English Dictionary compiled by Wilkinson, a former
civil servant in Malaya.
Sections are devoted to the direct borrowing of Sanskrit terms by
Indonesia, to the varying incidence of Sanskrit in the different
islands, to indirect borrowing through the Dravidian languages and
the existence of dual forms owing to loans from sources direct and
indirect, to the classification of loan-words dealing with religion,
medicine, and abstract ideas. For Professor Gonda is not content to
discuss only linguistic phenomena with " the fluctuation of form
and adaptation, sound substitution, and other phonetic processes ;
the productiveness of the borrowed elements as word bases " : he
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