Exercise # 9 (For Chapter IX) Environmental Ethics

Name: Sweetchell Ann Hayan

Course and Section: Beed 2c

I. Give the exact answer

1. How do you understand Environmental Ethics?

* Environmental ethics is a branch of applied philosophy that studies the conceptual

foundations of environmental values as well as more concrete issues surrounding societal

attitudes, actions, and policies to protect and sustain biodiversity and ecological systems.

2. What is the ethical principle behind Environmental Ethics?

3. Is environmental ethics necessary to Human Beings? Why?

* Yes, Environmental ethics provides moral grounds for social policies aimed at

protecting the earths environment and remedying environmental degradation. That is

why it can be viewed that environmental ethics involves ecological consciousness

amongst us.

4. Relating it to Philippine situation, briefly discuss the four issues in Environmental Ethics.

* Consumption of Natural Resources - Our natural environment is not a storehouse to rob

resources from. It is a reserve of resources that are crucial to the existence of life. Their

unscrupulous depletion is detrimental to our well-being. We are cutting down forces for

making our home. Our excessive consumption of natural resources continues.

• Destruction of Forests-Mining processes disrupt the ecological balance in certain areas.

They harm the plant and animal life in those regions. Slash-and-burn techniques are used for

clearing land, that leads to the destruction of forests and woodland.

 • Environmental Pollution- Many human activities lead to environmental pollution. The

rising human population is increasing the demand for nature's resources. As the

population is exceeding the carrying capacity of our planet, animal and plant habitats are

being destroyed to make space for human habitation. Huge constructions (roads and

buildings for residential and industrial use) are being made at the cost of the

environment. To allow space for these constructions, so many trees have to lose their

lives. The animals that thrive in them lose their natural habitats and eventually their lives.

•Harm to Animals- Due to habitat loss, animals may enter human settlements, thus

posing a threat to the people living there. In some cases, these animals are killed.

Secondly, animals serve as food sources of humans, for which they are killed. Also,

animal studies cause harm to animals and even their deaths. This destruction has led to

the extinction of many animal species. The reduction in the populations of several other

animal species continues.

5. How do you understand the Instrumental Value and Intrinsic Value of Non-Human

Ethics?

* For me that the environmental values is valued for the end results gained from it, while

the instrulinic values is valued for it's own sick

6. What should be our ethical relationship with Nature or the Environment?

* With the moral grounds and values that environmental ethics provides, humans are

responsibly using nature and not in a way that results in resource degradation and

destruction

7. Discuss the five reasons why man despoils the environment.

*Desire for progress such as unlimited urbanization, and uncontrolled

industrialization and coping with fast-paced technology:

 • Greed, as when a logging concessionaire would resort to illegal logging to get more than

he needs, to be richer than one who cuts trees on regulation;

Poverty, since nature is free, it becomes the most immediate and the cheapest source of

survival;

⚫Lack of self-discipline; and

• Lack of concern for others. The saddest thing is instead of thanking nature, we punish it

by pollution, destruction or non-regeneration

Exercise # 10 (For Chapter X) Business Ethics

Name: Sweetchell Ann hayan

Course and Section: BEED 2C
1. Business ethics is a form of the art of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and
moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment.
2. Corporate social responsibility or CSR is an umbrella term under which the ethical rights
and duties existing between companies and society is debated.
3. A corporate scandal is a scandal involving allegations of unethical behavior by people
acting within or on behalf of a corporation.
4. Corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by a corporation or by individuals that
may be identified with a corporation or other business entity.
5. Professional ethics covers the myriad practical ethical problems and phenomena which
arise out of specific functional areas of companies or in relation to recognized business
professions.
6. Anti competitive agreements is an agreement between competing firms to control prices
or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market.
7. Corruption is a dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving
bribery.
8. Environmental hazard_ is any business which has the potential to threaten the
surrounding natural environment and/or adversely affect people's health.
9. _______________________________ is a form of fraudulent transaction or putting
forward plausible schemes or use unscrupulous trickery to defraud others with an intent to
gain.
10. Pyramid scheme is a business model that recruits members via a promise of payments
or services for enrolling others into the scheme, rather than supplying investments or sale of
products or services.

II. Discussione

1. Discuss the distinction between Normative and descriptive business ethics.

* •Normative- as a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily
normative.
-Descriptive In academia descriptive approaches are also taken. The range and quantity of
business ethical issues reflects the degree to which business is perceived to be at odds with
non-economic social values

2. Aside from those mentioned in this book, identify 2 most commonly committed unethical
or immoral business practices in the Philippines. Make a research on the unethical practices;
determine the laws and moral/ethical standards violated; assess the extent of its
commission within the region; and arrive at some recommendations on how to stop the
subject unethical/immoral practice.
Exercise # 11 (For Chapter XI) Sexuality

Name: Sweetvhell Ann Hyan

Course and Section:

Discussion. Short or unexplained answers will be given no point.

1. Briefly discuss each of the important roles of marital sex to human society.

* Sex strengthens the bond between husband and wife in all aspects of their lives

-Sex expresses love and affection and fosters emotional intimacy,

Sex reinforces the exclusivity of the relationship, Sex symbolizes mutual submission and

dedication to the higher purpose of the marriage:

•Sex helps heal conflicts and mend rifts;

Sex reduces anxiety and releases tension;

Sex leads to children who are wanted and treasured by both parents.

2. Identify and comment on each of the consequences of uncommitted sex.

* -What we can all agree on is that casual (or any) sex carries the risks of unplanned

pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and physical/emotional harm from

your partner, particularly one that is not.

3. To you, should sex be enjoyed even without commitment? Explain your answer.

* Yes, no string attached

4. To you, should same-sex sexual relationship be openly allowed by the society? Support

your answer.

5. If some people and sectors are fighting for the acceptance of same-sex sexual

relationships, do you think children/minors (ages 7-17) should also be allowed to engage

in sex? Support your answer.

6. How can sex be a way of respecting or disrespecting a person?

 Respect is important in all aspects of a relationship, but when it comes to sex, it’s really

important for mutual respect to be a priority. In order to have respectful sex of any kind,

partners need to have a solid understanding of each other’s boundaries around physical

and sexual activity. Maybe one (or all) of you doesn’t have a lot of experience with sex

(which is totally okay), or maybe one (or all) of you is really experienced (which is also

totally okay). Being able to talk honestly with your partner/s about what you want, what

you don’t want and what you’re comfortable or uncomfortable with is absolutely crucial.

It’s also really important that you’re able to fully trust that your partner/s would not

violate your boundaries or ignore your feelings. If you can’t talk with your partner/s

about sex, and/or you don’t feel that you can trust them, then you and your partner/s

likely aren’t quite ready to do it.

7. How can sex promote the human society? On the other hand, how can it destroy human

society?

* -sex can promote human society through reproduction, bonding, health benefits, and

evolution, but it can also have negative effects on society through unwanted pregnancies,

the spread of STIs, sexual violence, and moral and cultural conflicts. Therefore,

responsible sexual behavior is essential for promoting the well -being of individuals and

society as a whole.

8. Why should sex be considered as a moral act?

* . It gives us opportunity to do what is otherwise regarded as wrong: to harm, deceive,

or manipulate others against their will.

9. Now a days, sex has become a part of cohwrong? Support your answer.

* Right because Having sex with your partner before marriage helps you open up and

you do not feel lost. This also helps in building confidence. Many people feel that it is

important to check their sexual compatibility before getting married.

10. Why do you think should sex be confined to the privacy of a married couple?

* Privacy in a relationship shows respect because it indicates that you and your partner

are respecting boundaries. For this reason, it is important to have some privacy in a

relationship. In fact, every person needs social boundaries, as well as time alone.

Exercise # 12 (For Chapter XII) Work

Name: Sweetchell Ann Hayan

Course and Section: Beed 2c

1.What is the significance of Work to human existence?

* Work helps you gain a sense of pride and self-satisfaction by reaffirming that you can

support yourself. With work, you earn money to cover bills and pay for activities in your

leisure time. It's becoming more common to see people with disabilities in a wide range of

jobs throughout the community.

1. Briefly explain in your own words the Moral Duties in Work and Profession.

* Employees must treat their co-workers with respect and dignity. Open insults must be

avoided, and discrimination based on sex, race or religion can't be tolerated. Although

employees are under no moral obligation to befriend their co-workers, polite treatment

should be the minimum standard expected.

2. How do you understand “work ethics”?

 * Work ethic is basically the belief that work is a good moral. Its also refers to a sets of

values that are defined and characterized by diligence and hard work. Work ethic can as

well be defined as the inherent ability of work to strengthen character.

3. Briefly explain in your own words, the six key factors of effective work ethics.

* Integrity means being honest and having strong moral principles.

Emphasis on Quality of Work Employees who submit quality work are more likely

Ito receive higher ratings on employee performance reviews.

Professionalism-how you conduct yourself in the presence of other people.

Discipline involves focus, dedication and determination on your part to do what you should.

Sense of Responsibility you become part of the organization and assigned tasks

and duties.

Sense of Teamwork-You are simply one part of awhile, which means you have to work with

other people

4. As a future worker or employee, how will you demonstrate a strong work ethics to your

employer? Explain briefly.

* You need to meet deadlines on time, act appropriately in virtual and in- person

meetings, and navigate different communication styles. You need to regularly deliver on

these behaviors.

5. Explain why work is considered as one’s personal property and why a worker is entitled

to a wage or renumeration?

-Work can be considered a person's personal property because it represents a unique and

individual contribution of their time, effort, and skills. Just as physical property such as a

house or car can be owned and controlled by an individual, work is something that a

person creates and owns through their labor and effort.

6. What do you understand by “professionalism” and why is it essential in the performance

of work?‹

* It means communicating effectively and appropriately and always finding a way to be

productive. Employers want new workers to be responsible, ethical, and team oriented,

and to possess strong communication, interpersonal, and problem solving skills. Wrap

these skills up all together and you've got professionalism.

7. Identify 5 types of work that dehumanizes and 5 types of work that promotes human

dignity. Briefly give your reasons, respectively, why they are dehumanizing and

dignifying.

9.Scan the 1987 Philippine Constitution and find all provision therein pertaining to work or

labor. In your answer, state the Article, section and the provision.

* -Sure, I can assist you with that. Here are the provisions in the 1987

Philippine Constitution that pertain to work or labor, along with the corresponding article and

section numbers:

Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Section 18: The State affirms labor as

a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their

welfare.

8. Browse the internet and search on how Karl Marx and Adams Smith view Labor. On your

answer, write your own understanding. Copy-pasted answers will be considered wrong.
Exercise # 13 (For Chapter XIII)

Name: Sweetchell Ann Hayan

Course and Section: Need 2c

Discussion. Unexplained answers will have no point.

1. From what you have understood in Chapter XIII, what is the importance of power to

Human Society?

* Power gives people the ability to control themselves and their environment, and this

control is considered a fundamental human need.

2. Do you believe that Power corrupts? How and why?

3. What do you understand by power-over and what are its advantages and disadvantages to

us, humans?

* -Power-over refers to the ability of an individual or group to exercise contral and

influence over others, usually through the use of force, coercion, or authority. In this

context, power is seen as a zero-sum game, where one person's gain is

necessarily another person's loss. Advantages of power-over include the ability to make

decisions quickly and efficiently, to enforce rules and regulations, and to maintain order and

stability. It can also be used to protect vulnerable populations and maintain the common

good. However, power-over can also have significant disadvantages. It can lead to abuse of

power, corruption, and the violation of human rights. It can also stifle creativity and

innovation, discourage dissent and alternative viewpoints, and limit individual freedom and

autonomy. Additionally, power-over relationships are often characterized by inequality and

hierarchies, leading to social and economic disparities between different groups.

4. Does one have to use force and violence in order to exercise power?

5. Discuss briefly the reasons why ethics is power itself.

 *-Ethics can be seen as a form of power for several reasons:

Trust: When people act ethically, they build trust with others. This trust can be a source of

power because it allows individuals to influence and persuade others to act in a particular

way.

Reputation: Ethical behavior can help individuals or organizations establish a positive

reputation. A good reputation can be a source of power because it can

influence how people perceive and respond to them.

-Influence Ethical behavior can also give individuals or organizations a certain degree of

influence over others. People are more likely to follow the lead of those they perceive as

ethical, which can give them a form of power over others.

Legitimacy: Ethical behavior can confer legitimacy on individuals or organizations. When

people perceive others as acting ethically, they are more likely to view them as legitimate

sources of authority or power.

Long-term benefits: Ethical behavior can also lead to long-term benefits, such as increased

loyalty and commitment from employees, customers, and other stakeholders. This can be a

source of power because it can provide individuals or organizations with a stable and loyal

base of support.

6. How can power be used effectively?

* the effective use of power requires a deep understanding of its nature and potential

consequences. By using power for the greater good, using it wisely and with integrity,
 building alliances, and empowering others, you can achieve significant results and create

a lasting impact.

7. Discuss briefly each of the framework for ethical decision-making.

8. Choose 5 diseases of leadership according to Pope Francis, and comment on each.

* -Pope Francis has spoken extensively about the diseases of leadership that can afflict

those in positions of power. Here are five diseases of leadership that he has identified,

along with my comments on each:

Narcissism: This refers to a leader who is excessively focused on themselves and their

own image, to the detriment of the people they are supposed to be serving Narcissistic

leaders may be more concerned with their own popularity or success than with the well-

being of their followers

Excessive busyness: This refers to a leader who is so busy and overloaded with tasks that

they neglect to take care of themselves or their followers. Leaders who are always

rushing from one meeting to the next may miss important details or fail to give people

the attention they need. -

Mental rigidity: This refers to a leader who is unwilling or unable to change their

opinions or attitudes in response to new information or feedback Leaders who are

mentally rigid may be less effective at adapting to changing circumstances or responding

to the needs of their followers. -

Gossiping: This refers to a leader who engages in idle talk or negative criticism
 about others, either to their face or behind their backs. Leaders who gossip can create

a toxic workplace culture and erode trust among team members.

- Indifference: This refers to a leader who is apathetic or indifferent to the needs of others.

Leaders who are indifferent may fail to recognize the impact of their decisions or actions on

their followers, or may be unwilling to make the effort to address their concerns.

Overall, these diseases of leadership can have serious consequences for both the leader

and the people they are supposed to be serving. By recognizing and addressing these

issues, leaders can create a healthier and more effective workplace culture

9. How is Power executed in a democratic human society?

10. Why is it wrong to dichotomize Ethics and Power?