Prevention practice for

individual with
developmental abilities
Presenters:

 Taseer Siddiqui
 Amara Bilal
Developmental disabilities:

 Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions due

to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or
behavior areas. These conditions begin during
the developmental period, may impact day-to-day
functioning, and usually last throughout a person's
lifetime.
 Examples:

 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
 Cerebral Palsy
 Fragile X Syndrome
 Hearing Loss
 Intellectual Disability
 Language and Speech Disorders
 Learning Disorders
 Muscular Dystrophy
 Tourette Syndrome
 Vision Impairment
Goals for prevention:

Health promotion
Quality of life
Misconceptions about health care
Prevention is better than cure.
Preventions/ health promotion:

 "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to

improve, their health.
 To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to
realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the
environment.
Health promotion:

 Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the
objective of living.
 Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal
resources, as well as physical capacities.
 Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the
health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being
 Objectives of promotion:

1.Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems

2.Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3.Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
4.Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
5.Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
6.Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7.Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise
unavailable
8.Assure competent public and personal health care workforce
9.Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
10.Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

 
 Quality of life:

 Quality of life, the degree to which an individual is healthy, comfortable,

and able to participate in or enjoy life events.
 Quality of life is a broader concept than economic production and living
standards. It includes the full range of factors that influences what we value
in living, reaching beyond its material side.
Factors on which quality depends:

 1.Distribution of Income in society:

how income is distributed. Some countries have high GDP per
capita, but some people still live in poverty.
 2.Employment / Unemployment:
Unemployment is one of the main economic causes of poor life
changes. Also, quality of employment, e.g. widespread part-
time/temporary contracts may suggest underemployment in the
economy.
Factors:

 3.Life Expectancy:
Dependent on health care standards, environmental factors
and cultural factors
 4.Education Standards.
One simple measure is the rate of literacy in an economy.
For example, Sri Lanka has a higher rate of literacy than
Saudi Arabia, despite a lower GDP per capita.
 Factors:

 5.Housing:
The standard and quality of housing and related amenities. Also, include the rate of
homelessness.
 6.Air Pollution:
The quality of air can influence the quality of life and also health issues.
7.Levels of Congestion and Transport: 
Congestion can lead to time lost sitting in traffic jams as well as being frustrated. For
example, average traffic speeds (11mph) in London (2010) are similar to 100 years ago
when we still used the horse and cart
 Factors:

 8.Environmental Standards:
Quality and quantity of ‘green spaces’ where people can escape pressures
of cities, e.g. London does quite well on this measure.
9.Wildlife Diversity: 
Protection of wildlife and areas of natural beauty important. e.g. a new
road may reduce congestion but damage areas of outstanding natural
beauty.
 Factors:

 10.Access to clean drinking Water:

Basic necessity is often taken for granted in West, a but, is big issue in the developing
world.
11.Climate:
Climate can make some areas inhospitable leading to defensive spending, e.g. spending
on air-conditioning or heating. Global Warming could tip the ecological balance in some
countries with fragile eco-balance.
 Misconceptions:

health misconception is defined as the erroneous

belief or lack of knowledge of. specific health facts
that could lead to personal harm or death of an
individual 
 Misconception and their facts:
 Myth 1:
People with disabilities are brave and courageous.
Fact:
Adjusting to a disability requires adapting to a lifestyle, not bravery and courage.
 Myth 2:
All persons who use wheelchairs are chronically ill or sickly.
Fact:
The association between wheelchair use and illness may have evolved through hospitals using wheelchairs to
transport sick people. A person may use a wheelchair for a variety of reasons, none of which may have anything to
do with lingering illness.
 Myth 3:
Wheelchair use is confining; people who use wheelchairs are "wheelchair-bound.
"Fact:
A wheelchair, like a bicycle or an automobile, is a personal assistive device that enables someone to get around.
Myth 4:
All persons with hearing disabilities can read lips.
Fact:
Lip-reading skills vary among people who use them and are never entirely reliable.
 Myth 5:
People who are blind acquire a "sixth sense.
"Fact:
Although most people who are blind develop their remaining senses more fully, they do not have a "sixth sense.
"Myth 6:
People with disabilities are more comfortable with "their own kind.
"Fact:
In the past, grouping people with disabilities in separate schools and institutions reinforced this misconception. Today,
many people with disabilities take advantage of new opportunities to join mainstream society.
 Myth 7:
Non-disabled people are obligated to "take care of" people with disabilities.
 Fact:
Anyone may offer assistance, but most people with disabilities prefer to be responsible for themselves.
 Myth 8:
Curious children should never ask people about their disabilities
 .Fact:
Many children have a natural, uninhibited curiosity and may ask questions that some adults consider embarrassing. But
scolding curious children may make them think having a disability is "wrong" or "bad." Most people with disabilities won't
mind answering a child's question.
 Myth 9:
The lives of people with disabilities are totally different than the lives of people without disabilities.
 Fact:
People with disabilities go to school, get married, work, have families, do laundry, grocery shop, laugh, cry, pay taxes, get
angry, have prejudices, vote, plan and dream like everyone else.
 Myth 10:
It is all right for people without disabilities to park in accessible parking spaces, if only for a few minutes.
 Fact:
Because accessible parking spaces are designed and situated to meet the needs of people who have disabilities, these spaces
should only be used by people who need them.
 Preventions:

 To prevent the disabilities that result from poverty, big changes are needed in our social order. There needs
to be fairer distribution of land, resources, information, and power. Such changes will happen only when the
poor find the courage to organize, to work together, and to demand their rights. 
 Disabled persons and their families can become leaders in this process. Only through a more just society
can we hope for a long-term, far-reaching answer to the prevention of disabilities caused by
poverty.Although the most complete prevention of disabilities related to poverty depends on social change,
this will take time. However, more immediate actions at family, community, and national levels can help
prevent some disabilities.
 For example,Polio, in certain situations, can be prevented through vaccination.