CE122-1

HYDROLOGY
WEEK 7-8

Engr. Lawrence Dizon Dela Peña

Modelling Infiltration Capacity
Curves of Infiltration Capacity & Cumulative Infiltration Capacity

Many equations have been proposed to express the curves or for use in hydrological
analysis:
§ Horton's equation
§ Philip's equation
§ Kostiakov equation
§ Green-Ampt equation
Horton’s Equation (1993)
Horton’s Equation (1993)
Estimation of Parameters
Philip’s Equation (1957)
Philip’s Equation (1957)
Estimation of Parameters
Kostiakov Equation (1932)
Kostiakov Equation (1932)
Estimation of Parameters
Green-Ampt Equation (1911)
Green-Ampt Equation (1911)
Estimation of Parameters
Problem 1:
Infiltration capacity data obtained in a floating type infiltration test is given below.
For this data, plot the curves
(i) infiltration capacity vs time,
(ii) infiltration capacity vs cumulative infiltration
(iii) cumulative infiltration vs time.
Obtain the best values of the parameters in Horton's infiltration capacity equation to represent this
data set.
Problem 1:
Time Cum. Depth Incremental Infiltration 𝐥𝐧(𝒇𝒑 − 𝒇𝒄 )
(in min) (cm) Depth in the rate
interval (cm) (cm/hr)
0
5 1.75
10 3.00
15 3.95
25 5.50
45 7.25
60 8.30
75 9.30
90 10.20
110 11.28
130 12.36
Problem 1: (Using Excel)
Problem 1: (Using Excel)
Problem 1: (Using Excel)
Problem 2:
Values of infiltration capacities at various times obtained from an infiltration test are
given below.
Determine the parameters of
(i) Green-Ampt equation,
(ii) Philip's equation, and
(iii) Kostiakov's equation that best fits the data.
Problem 2:
Time 𝑭𝒑 Incremental 𝒇𝒑 Time 𝒕#𝟎.𝟓 𝟏/𝑭𝒑 𝐥𝐧(𝑭𝒑 ) 𝐥𝐧(𝒕)
(in (cm) depth of (cm/hr) (in
min) infiltration hours)
(cm)
5 1.0
10 1.8 0.167 2.449 0.556 -0.588 -1.792
15 2.5 0.250 2.000 0.400 -0.916 -1.386
20 3.1 0.333 1.732 0.323 -1.131 -1.099
25 3.6 0.417 1.549 0.278 -1.281 -0.875
30 4.0 0.500 1.414 0.250 -1.386 -0.693
60 6.1 1.000 1.000 0.164 -1.808 0.000
90 8.1 1.500 0.816 0.123 -2.092 0.405
120 9.9 2.000 0.707 0.101 -2.293 0.693
150 11.6 2.500 0.632 0.086 -2.451 0.916
Problem 2: (Using Excel)
Problem 2: (Using Excel)
Problem 2: (Using Excel)
Problem 3:
Infiltration Indices
Φ - Index

§ It is the average rainfall above which

the rainfall volume is equal to the
runoff volume.
§ It is derived from the rainfall
hyetograph with the knowledge of
the resulting runoff volume.
§ The initial loss is considered as
infiltration.
§ The Φ value is found by treating it as
a constant infiltration capacity.
Infiltration Indices
Φ - Index

§ RAINFALL EXCESS
- the amount of rainfall in excess of the index.

§ EFFECTIVE RAINFALL
– the amount of rainfall in excess of the index in connection with runoff and
flood studies.

§ The Φ-index thus accounts for the total abstraction and enables magnitudes to
be estimated for a given rainfall hyetograph.
Φ – Index: Procedure of Calculation
Φ – Index: Procedure of Calculation
Problem 4:
A storm with 10 cm precipitation produced a direct runoff of 5.8 cm. The duration of
the rainfall was 16 hours and its time distribution is given below. Estimate the Φ-index
of the storm.
Problem 4:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0.4 1.3 2.8 5.1 6.9 8.5 9.5 10.0

Problem 4:
TRIAL 1:
Problem 4:

TRIAL 2:
Problem 4:
TRIAL 3: