Staircase Design | RCC Structures

May 18, 2010 by Designer

RCC Staircase Design

RCC Structures are nothing but reinforced concrete structures. RCC structure is
composed of building components such as Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs,
Staircase etc.

These components are reinforced with steel that give stability to the structure.
Staircase is one such important component in a RCC structure.
 Dog Legged Stair | Staircase
design
In this article, we will discuss different types of staircases and study the dog-
legged reinforced cement concrete staircase design.

Stairs

Stairs consist of steps arranged in a series for purpose of giving access to

different floors of a building. Since a stair is often the only means of
communication between the various floors of a building, the location of the stair
requires good and careful consideration.

In a residential house, the staircase may be provided near the main entrance.

In a public building, the stairs must be from the main entrance itself and located
centrally, to provide quick accessibility to the principal apartments.

All staircases should be adequately lighted and properly ventilated.

Various types of Staircases

 • Straight stairs
• Dog-legged stairs
• Open newel stair
• Geometrical stair
RCC Dog-legged Staircase design

In this type of staircase, the succeeding flights rise in opposite directions. The
two flights in plan are not separated by a well. A landing is provided
corresponding to the level at which the direction of the flight changes.

Procedure for Dog-legged Staircase design

Based on the direction along which a stair slab span, the stairs maybe classified
into the following two types.
1. Stairs spanning horizontally
2. Stairs spanning vertically
Stairs spanning horizontally
These stairs are supported at each side by walls. Stringer beams or at one side
by wall or at the other side by a beam.

Loads
• Dead load of a step = ½ x T x R x 25
• Dead load of waist slab = b x t x 25
• Live load = LL (KN/m2)
• Floor finish = assume 0.5 KN/m
Stairs spanning Longitudinally
In this, stairs spanning longitudinally, the beam is supported ay top and at the
bottom of flights.

Loads
• Self weight of a step = 1 x R/2 x 25
• Self weight of waist slab = 1 x t x 25
• Self weight of plan = 1 x t x 25[(R2 + T2)/T]
• Live load = LL (KN/m2)
• Floor finish = assume 0.5 KN/m
For the efficient design of an RCC stair, we have to first analyse the various loads
that are going to be imposed on the stair.

The load calculations will help us determine, how much strength is required to
carry the load. The strength bearing capacity of a staircase is determined on the
amount of steel and concrete used.
The ratio of steel to concrete has to be as per standards. Steel in the staircase
will take the tension imposed on it and the concrete takes up the compression.

These are the essential steps that are to be followed for the RCC Stair Design.

Staircase Detailing of a C-type

RCC Staircase
August 18, 2020 by Designer

The advantage of using a C-type staircase is that it can fit in a squarish area. We
can also install an elevator the central area of the staircase if necessary. This
practice is generally frowned upon, as fire safety regulations advice to keep
staircase and lift locations separately, but sometimes we have to use this layout
in case of space constraints.
Minimum size for a staircase step is 7″ (175 MM) riser and 11″ (275 MM) thread.
For larger buildings where higher footfall is expected, I prefer 6″ (150 MM) riser
and 12″ (300 MM) thread.
A C-type staircase required a Z-Beam connecting both the middle landings to
transfer loads of the staircase to the supporting columns. In a regular dog-
legged staircase, the same function is carried out by the landing beam.

In my designs, I prefer use of M20 concrete and HYSD 500 Steel. Staircase waist
slab of 5″ (125 MM) is standard minimum. I prefer Main Steel of 10 MM rods as a
miminum which are placed aross the length of the staircase. The Distribution
Steel is placed across the width of the stairs, which in this case is 3′ 6″.

In longer flight of stairs, I have use 12 MM and 16 MM rods as Main Steel, and
6″ (150 MM) waist slab, according to design.
The image above shows steel profile of the C-type staircase. I have attached the
PDF files of the drawings above for reference.