Staircase

• Staircase is a set of stairs or steps which help us to connect

two space, whether interior to exterior or different interior
levels.
• Positioning of staircase within a design is very integral
part.
• Stairs makes the construction of sky scrapers and multiple
story houses and dwellings possible, saving real property
space on the ground and creating enormouoom- space
upward, even until the top floors "soar" above the clouds.

Calculation of steps
 State the floor to floor height of the spaces where the
staircase is supposed to placed
 Divide the given height by the max height of each step
(usually 150 mm to 200mm)
 The answer will be the no. of steps we are supposed to
give.
 Now multiply this calculated number of steps with the
tread of each step
This will give the distance of the staircase.
 Components of staircase

• Tread
• Riser
• Newel post
• Nosing
• Handrail
• Baluster
• Landing

Benefits of RCC over other material

 1. R.C.C stairs are better fire resistant than any other

stairs.
 2. They are adequately strong and more durable.
 3. The steps are non-slippery.
 4. They offer better and pleasant appearances.
 5. The stairs can be designed for greater widths and longer
spans.
 6. They can be easily cleaned. 
 7. R.C.C stairs can be precast or cast in situ.
 8. The maintenance cost is almost nil. 
 9. In modern sky scraper construction always framed
structures are adopted, for such structures R.C.C stairs are
the one and only stairs which can be used.
TYPES OF STAIRCASE
 THERE ARE MAINLY 8 TYPES OF STAIRCASES
• STRAIGHT STAIR
• DOGGED-LEGGED STAIR
• OPEN NEWEL STAIR
• GEOMETRICAL STAIR
• CIRCULAR STAIR
• SPIRAL STAIR
• QUARTER-TURN STAIR
• BIFURCATED STAIR

1. STRAIGHT STAIR

In this stair, all the steps are arranged continuously along in

one direction. One flight may be split into one or more than
one flight by interposing a landing. This stair can be used
where narrow and long space is available for a staircase such
as entrance, porch etc

2. DOGGED-LEGGED STAIR

This stair consists of two straight flights of steps with direct

turns between them. This stair is very useful where the total
width of the stair is just twice the width of the steps.

3. OPEN NEWEL STAIR

This type of stair consists of two or more flights arranging a well
or opening between the backward and forward flights. When
all the steps are difficult to arrange in two flights, a short third
flight of 3 to 6 steps may be provided along the direction
perpendicular to the hall. Open newel stair is mostly adopted in
the lift.

4. GEOMETRICAL STAIR

This is another type of open newel stair where the open well
between the forward and the backward flight is curved. This
stair may contain different geometrical shape. Here the change
in direction is achieved by using winders.

 5. CIRCULAR STAIR

In this type of stair, all the steps radiate from a newel or well
hole, in the form of winders. The circular stair is adopted at the
back side of a building to access its various floors

6. SPIRAL STAIR

Spiral stair is very similar to a circular stair. It consists of

individual steps or treads, connecting to a centre column. The
overall diameter of the stair may range from 1 to 2.5 m.
7. QUARTER-TURN STAIR
The quarter-turn stair can be defined as the stairs that are
turned at 90 degrees with the help of level landing.

8. BIFURCATED STAIR

This type of stair is provided in modern public buildings as well

as residential buildings. In this stair, the flight is so arranged
that there is a wide flight at the start which is sub-divided into
narrow flights at the mid-landing. The narrow flights start from
either side of the mid landing

Steps for Construction of RCC Stairs 

1. Designing of RCC Stairs :

Designing of stairs requires through knowledge about design

aspects and site study. The factors that influence the design of
stairs are height of the floor, width of the stairs, risers depth,
thread width, thickness of the stairs, angle of the stairs, load
applied on the stairs and many other aspects which requires a
qualified engineer to design the perfect stairs.

2. Foundation and Support for RCC Stairs

 The foundation on which the concrete stairs rest is to be

properly constructed so that the loads of the stairs are
 transferred in to ground successfully and to resist the
movement of stairs.
 If the plinth beam of building is present at the start of the
stairs, then the reinforcement steels bars can be
connected to them which will transfer the loads. If no
plinth beam is found, then a small concrete foundation or
size stone masonry is constructed.
 To support the stairs at the top which restricts the
movement of stairs is usually done to the roof beam or
slab.

3. Building the Form-work for RCC Stairs

 The most important step when building rcc stairs is to use

a proper formwork. The angle of flight, dimensions of
thread and riser are to be properly checked. Usually while
constructing a stairs attached to wall, the line of flight ,
thread and risers are marked on the wall for proper fixing
of shuttering or formwork
 The boards must be at least 2” thick, as to support the
weight of the concrete. The whole structure of the form,
must be supported by 4×4 posts. The wooden boards are
used to create the steps and are fastened with several
screws to the lateral structure of the formwork.

4. Steel Reinforcement for RCC Stairs

 The concrete steps are to be reinforced with steel bars so

as it carries the loads coming upon the stairs and transfer
 them to the ground. The number of steel bars and size of
the bars is to be calculated by a structural engineers
depending upon the loads coming on the stairs.
 These steel reinforcement bars are  placed in the
formwork with minimum of 25 mm spacing and is tied
together.

5. Pouring of Concrete for RCC Stairs

 Pouring of concrete into the formworks is started from the

below part to above. The concrete mix plays an important
role in strength and durability of stairs. Standard mix used
for stairs are 3 parts cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts gravel
and water.
 It is recommended to use a concrete vibrator while
pouring the concrete to completely fill the gaps of the
stairs and to avoid the honeycomb formation.

6. Removal of Formwork
 
 The stairs requires  at least 21 days to dry out completely,
so the removal of formwork is to done only after 21days.
In these 21 days proper curing is to done to prevents the
cracks in stairs due to thermal expansion.
 After the 21 days, the formwork is removed by using a
hammer and a crowbar. Work with patience, as to avoid
damaging the concrete or the edges of the stairs.

7.  Finishing of RCC Stairs

 Once the formwork is removed, the stairs can be finished
in many ways as per the requirement of the use. It can just
be finished using trowel or float to give concrete finish,
cement tiles, granite can be installed for better
appearance. Even carpet or wood can also be used to
finish the stairs.

Material Requirements:

1. Cement
2. Steel bars
3. Coarse aggregate
4. Fine aggregate
5. Stone or mortar and fabrics
6. Hand rail : steel pipe , wood , cable

PORTLAND CEMENT :

 Ultratech Cement(50kg): 299 Rs.

 Ambuja cement(50kg): 303 rs.
 ACC PCC cement(50 kg): 301 rs.
 Lafarge cement( 50 kg): 294rs.
 Bangaur PCC cement(50kg): 276 , 311 rs.
 Ambuja plus roof special(50 kg): 348 rs.
 Shree cement(50 kg): 276, 311 rs.
 Birla uttam cement( 50 kg): 274, 309 rs.
 Jk super cement(50kg ): 274 rs.
 Chetak samrat birla cement( 50kg): 274 Rs.

STEEL BARS : KAMDHENU TMT Bars:

 Mild steel is very cheap as compared to stainless steel

mainly due to cost of Nickel and Chromium. Mild-steel
price should be around 50-60 Rs/kg whereas SS304 can
cost around 250-300 Rs/kg.
 There are 9 grades in TMT Bar. However, commonly used
grades are - Fe - 415, Fe- 500 & Fe- 550 and their D grade
also. Fe- 550 is the strongest among the three. Kamdhenu
has the credit of manufacturing Fe - 550 grade Bar first
time in India. These three grades of Kamdhenu Bar come
at 8 mm to 25 mm range, 28 & 32mm range also
 So , the price list of kamdhenu TMT bars for
12mm Bar:~ 48500 cubic tone(GST included)
8mm Bar:~ 51000 cubic tone(GST included)
 The length of bar is 12.5 m.
12mm 6 pieces= 1bundle(packaging details)
8mm 12pieces= 1bundle

 Estimation of cost of one bar:

1. 12mm (48.5 rs./kg) : mass of 1
bar(12.5m)=10kg+/_200gm ~485 rs.
2. 8mm(51rs./kg): mass of 1 bar(12.5m)=4.8kg. ~245 rs.
With the material cost , there is construction cost
on constructing the staircase on its type :

 Different builders have different construction cost On the

basis of cubic feet or cost on area of slab.
 Construction cost is between of a range of 3000-3400 INR.
 MARKET SURVEY

for Reinforced concrete cement Staircase

Material Requirements:

1. Cement
2. Steel bars
3. Coarse aggregate
4. Fine aggregate
5. Finish material(Stone or mortar and fabrics)
6. Hand rail : steel pipe , wood , cable

PORTLAND CEMENT :

Five types of Portland cements exist:

  Type I Portland cement is known as common or general-
purpose cement. It is generally assumed unless another
type is specified. It is commonly used for general
construction, especially when making precast, and precast-
prestressed concrete that is not to be in contact with soils
or ground water. The typical compound compositions of
this type are:
 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2.8% MgO,
2.9% (SO3), 1.0%, and 1.0% free CaO.
 Type II provides moderate sulfate resistance, and gives off
less heat during hydration. This type of cement costs
about the same as type I. Its typical compound
composition is:
 51% (C3S), 24% (C2S), 6% (C3A), 11% (C4AF), 2.9% MgO,
2.5% (SO3), 0.8% ignition loss, and 1.0% free CaO.
This type is for general construction exposed to moderate
sulfate attack.
 Type III has relatively high early strength. Its typical
compound composition is: 57% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A),
7% (C4AF), 3.0% MgO, 3.1% (SO3), 0.9% ignition loss, and
1.3% free CaO. This cement is similar to type I, but ground
finer.
 Type IV Portland cement is generally known for its low
heat of hydration. Its typical compound composition is:
28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1.8% MgO,
1.9% (SO3), 0.9% ignition loss, and 0.8% free CaO. 
 Type V is used where sulfate resistance is important. This
type is used in concrete to be exposed to alkali soil and
 ground water sulfates which react with (C3A) causing
disruptive expansion. 

STEEL BARS : KAMDHENU TMT Bars

 Mild steel is very cheap as compared to stainless steel

mainly due to cost of Nickel and Chromium. Mild-steel
price should be around 50-60 Rs/kg whereas SS304 can
cost around 250-300 Rs/kg.
 There are 9 grades in TMT Bar. However, commonly used
grades are - Fe - 415, Fe- 500 & Fe- 550 and their D grade
also. Fe- 550 is the strongest among the three. Kamdhenu
has the credit of manufacturing Fe - 550 grade Bar first
time in India. These three grades of Kamdhenu Bar come
at 8 mm to 25 mm range, 28 & 32mm range also
 So , the price list of kamdhenu TMT bars for
 12mm Bar:~ 48500 cubic tone(GST included)
 8mm Bar:~ 51000 cubic tone(GST included)
 The length of bar is 12.5 m.
 12mm 6 pieces= 1bundle(packaging details)
 8mm 12pieces= 1bundle
 Estimation of cost of one bar:
 12mm (48.5 rs./kg) : mass of 1 bar(12.5m)=10kg+/_200gm
~485 rs.
 8mm(51rs./kg): mass of 1 bar(12.5m)=4.8kg. ~245 rs.

Coarse and fine aggregate :

 Fine aggregates generally consist of natural sand or
crushed stone with most particles passing through a 3/8-
inch sieve.
  Coarse aggregates are any particles greater than 0.19
inch, but generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches in
diameter.
 The aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to
the overall composite material.

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL OF RCC

STAIRCASE: TYPE-1
TYPE -2 RCC STAICASE REINFORCEMENT
DETAIL:

SHUTTERING AND REINFORCMENT FOR

STAIRCASE:
Detail drawing for Dog legged RCC:

:
Spiral RCC Staircase:
THANK YOU