BY

PRAVIN KR. GAURAV

Traffic problem in Wajirabad road,
Delhi
 SIGNATURE BRIDGE
India’s first “Signature Bridge ”being constructed across the Yamuna at Wazirabad promises to be a
great attraction of Delhi. An ambitious project of the Delhi tourism, the cable-stayed bridge will link
National Highway number one near existing T-point at Wazirabad on Western bank and Marginal
Bund Road at Khajuri Khas on eastern bank of the river Yamuna, thus connecting North Delhi with
East Delhi. With a length of about 575 meters and a height of 175 meters the proposed Signature
Bridge would have a bow-shaped pylon in the middle. Two high towers will be there to provide
double cable support in the inner periphery of the carriageway. Equipped with eight lanes, this
engineering masterpiece will have 1.2 meter wide central verge, space for anchoring cables,
maintenance walkway and crash barrier on either side of the central verge. The deck will be
composite (steel and concrete) while pylon will be in steel.
Once operational the Signature Bridge will eventually improve access between North and west Delhi
for the commuters, who have to pass through the narrow lane on the present bridge in Wazirabad,
leading to heavy traffic jam in the peak hours. Also, to facilitate the movement of vehicular traffic
new express lanes will be constructed to connect Ring Road with the bridge.
Signature bridge: An artistic view
Overview of project
PROJECT NAME : Signature Bridge(Yamuna bridge at Wazirabad)
CLIENT : Delhi Tourism & Transportation Development Corporation Ltd.
AGENCY : J.V. of M/s Gammon India & Construtora Cidade, Tensacciai
DESIGN CONSULTANT : J.V. of M/s. Schlaich Bergermann Und Partner, Construma
Consultancy pvt ltd.Mumbai
PROOF CONDULTANT : J.V. of M/s. Systra, Virlogeux & Tandon Consultants .
SUB-CONSULTANT : Ratan J.Batliboi Architects, Mumbai, Department of
EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS :- IIT Roorkee & structural engg. Research center ,Chennai.
LISENCE NO : CLA/c/13N/10
PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION: 20/3/2013 to 19/08/2016 (ESTIMATED)
COST OF PROJECT : 1591 crore (revised)
TOTAL LENGTH : 575m (8 lanes) 35.2m wide
PYLON HEIGHT : 154 (5400 ton)
FOUNDATIONS : 6 open and 18 well foundations
Materials used in construction :-

1. Concrete ( M35 and M50 for kerb and deck

M35 in well, M30 in pile.
1. steel and concrete (Composite section )
2. Steel bars (Fe 415 and Fe 500 reinforcement, TMT AND CRS bars)
3. Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate
 Shear Connectors
Shear connectors on the top flanges of steel girders provide the mean to achieve
composite action between slab and girder, thus increasing both stiffness and
strength. The shear flow between steel beam and reinforced concrete deck slab is
a natural consequence of requirement for composite action.
Placement of deck slab over shear connector
 Test on Aggregates
Sieve analysis of aggregates
Silt content
Moisture content
Flakiness and elongation test
Impact value
Abrasion value
Crushing value
Water Ph / Cl / SO3
Cement physical Test
Specific density and gravity
Water testing
TMT bars
Silt content test of soil
There are two types of harmful substances preset in fine aggregates i.e. organic matter
produced by decay of vegetable matter and/or clay and silt,
which form coating thus preventing a good bond between
cement and the aggregates. If present in large quantities,
result in the increase water-cement ratio and finally affecting
.
the strength of concrete Field test is generally conducted in order
to determine the volumetric percentage of silt in natural sand for
percentage up to 8%, otherwise more detailed test as prescribed by
standard code are required to be conducted.
 Cube test
The test shall be conducted at recognized ages of the test specimens,
the most usual being 7 days and 28 days. Where it may be necessary to
obtain the strength tests at 1 day and 3 days can also be made. The ages
shall be calculated from the time of the addition of water to the dry
ingredients.

Size of Cubes- 150mm*150mm*150mm

These specimens are tested by compression testing
machine after 7 days curing or 28 days curing. Load
should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2
per minute till the Specimens fails. Load at the failure
divided by area of specimen gives the compressive
strength of concrete.
 Aggregate impact value
This test is done to determine the aggregate impact
value of coarse aggregates. The apparatus used for
determining aggregate impact value of coarse
aggregates is Impact testing machine A cylindrical
metal measure of 75mm dia. and 50mm depth,
A tamping rod of 10mm circular cross section and
230mm length, rounded at one end and Oven.
 PILE FOUNDATION
• Our Structure is rested on a weak soil formation which can’t resist the
loads coming from our proposed building, so we have to choose pile
foundation.

Pile cap

Piles
Weak soil

Bearing stratum
Pilling Steps
Survey: The surveyor set out the center of the bored pile location.

Utility diversion: A circular pit of diameter 1700mm and depth 1500 mm shall be manually excavated at the location to ensure
that the utilities are present.

Checks for Pile vertically and position: During the process of boring following checks should be made:
Check the verticality of the casing during installation by plumbing from two perpendicular directions.
Check of the eccentricity of the borehole after installation of casing. If the eccentricity is more than 50mm then reinstallation is
done.
The verticality of the casing is checked continuously until the toe is reached and is kept within a tolerance of 50mm.
Variation in dimension is limited to +50mm and - 10mm.

Variation of level at the top should not be beyond +25mm.

Boring of soil-Boring is carried out with the help of a rig up to the required depth. The verticality of the hole to be bored is kept
on monitored and later checked before the lowering of the reinforcement cage.
Installation of temporary casing to stabilize the upper bore, a temporary steel casing of length 2.5- 3m is installed:
A 1000mm diameter hole is drilled using hydraulic boring machine up to a depth of 3-4m.

The casing should then be lowered in the hole with the help of a crane.

The casing is then driven in to the ground with the help of a rotatory machine until about 300mm is left above the ground. The
rig is then used to progress the excavation to the bottom of the casing pipe and then suitable polymer system is added before
further excavation.

Bentonite should be added continuously during excavation. And the depth is measured with the help of the sounding tape.
Cleaning of base:

Boring is stopped when the toe of the pile level is reached. The borehole is cleaned carefully and the soil is removed.
The depth is checked before the lowering of the cage.

Fabrication and installation of reinforcement cage:

Cutting and bending of bars shall be carried out with approved schedule in fabrication yard or on the site. Tie wires shall be
used for binding the bars. Circular concrete spacers shall be provided of the same grade of the pile. Vertical distance between
each layer of spacers shall be 4m. The reinforcement cages shall be lowered in the borehole using steel slings and shackles.
Cages shall be spliced on the fabrication bed and lowered in the trench.

Concrete with slump in the range 175+25mm shall be supplied from batching plant. All concrete delivered shall be visually
inspected and checked against delivery note before being tested and used. Before a pouring is started two delivery trucks
should be available at site.

Concrete shall be placed using pipes.

Pipes are joined towards into the hole. The end of the pipe should not be more than 300 mm above the bottom of the pile to
ensure that free fall of concrete shall not be more than 1.5m.

The concrete shall be discharged from the delivery truck to a hopper connected to the pipes. As the level of the concrete in
the borehole rises, the s shall be withdrawn accordingly to aid the flow of concrete. Section of the pipe shall be dismantled
from the top as the pipe is withdrawn.

During concreting, the level of concrete inside the borehole shall be monitored either with a weighted tape or chain. Encasing
shall be withdrawn after initial setting of concrete
 Casing in pile
20mm dia bars are used.
pitch of helical striupps are 200mm
4 master ring, 3 pair square ring, 16 longitudional bar
dia of helical bar 10mm
length of cage – 8.8mm
dia of cage – 1050mm
Size of helical bar – 10mm
lap length – 72* dia of bar
 Pile load test
Done after 28 days of construction.
Acceptable limit of penetration should not be less than
12mm.
There should be a overbound of 1 or 2 mm.
Loads applied as per loading of girder.
Reinforcement in pile cap
 Batching plant
Signature bridge batching plant has a capacity to deliver a 60 cubic
meter per hour. The batching mixer mixes the following cement, sand,
aggregate , admixture, fly ash and water.
 Casting Yard
In casting Yard, deck slab and bridge kerb, welding works were made.
 Deck Slab
deck slab used in site comprised of M50 grade concrete. 32mm steel
bars of Fe500.
 Kerbs
kerb is a stone or concrete forming an edge between a pavement and a roadway, so
that the pavement is somewhat above the level of road.