CAWANGAN PERAK

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SURVEYING FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE,

PLANNING AND SURVEVING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK SERI ISKANDAR

BCT563
MODULAR COORDINATION AND STANDARDISATIONS

Topic:
A CASE STUDY FOR

Prepared For:
TS. DR. MOHD ROFDZI BIN ABDULLAH

Prepared By:
NAME MATRIC NUMBER
MAXSWELL MANGGIE ANAK ZAMRY 2021481052

(AP256 4A)

SEMESTER:
 MARCH 2023-AUGUST 2023
1. Introduction
The building sector is rapidly growing. To compete in this industry, cutting-edge technology

and processes must be promptly integrated. Malaysia, a developing country, devised a

comprehensive plan to ensure the sector's competitiveness. One of the strategies is increased

implementation of the Industrialised Building System (IBS).

IBS have the potential to promote sustainability and keep the nation's GDP growing (Yunus et

al., 2016). However, IBS adoption in Malaysia remains low due to reluctance to change and a

lack of understanding to facilitate the move.

IBS was founded in Malaysia in the 1960s in order to solve the housing shortage. However,

IBS was still in its early stages and was not widely recognised. Some foreign IBS systems

were used in the late 1960s and early 1970s, but they were eventually found to be

incompatible with Malaysia's climatic circumstances, resulting in the closure of precast

concrete plants and the ongoing use of traditional methods (Abd. Hamid et al., 2008a). The

quality was not always up to expectations, the budget was occasionally over, and completion

deadlines were not always fulfilled. besides, encouraging IBS in Malaysia, the government

wishes to lessen the country's reliance on foreign labour and to avoid the loss of foreign cash

in the country's construction business (Abd. Hamid et al., 2008b). However, in 1999, the

country realised that deploying IBS was the only method of dealing with these issues because

there were insufficient educated local personnel and an excess of untrained imported workers.
The dimensions and spaces of IBS elements are aligned using the Modular Coordination

(MC) standard. The application of the MC principle to the design of prefabricated

components may improve the overall constructability of the building project. Modular

construction is a transitional phase that will eventually lead to the evolution of an open system

that allows for the simple adaptation of prefabricated elements to any design and their

interchangeability within the building. Malaysian Standard MS 1064 was introduced by the

Malaysian government to encourage the expansion of IBS implementation.

A standardisation Modular Coordination in IBS Project allows for practise in the design and

construction of building works. In this article, 1 Utama Shopping Centre is one of the
 buildings that uses the IBS technology.

2. Definition of Standardisation, Modular Coordination, and IBS

Standardisation
Standardisation is the process of developing norms for the manufacturing of a product or

service based on the agreement of all relevant stakeholders in the sector (Standardisation,

n.d.). The standards ensure that the products or services produced in a specific industry are of

consistent quality and equal to those of other organisations offering similar goods or services.

Furthermore, standardisation increases the compatibility, interoperability, and safety of

manufactured things. Users, interest groups, governments, businesses, and standards agencies

are some of the players involved in standardisation procedures.

The aim of standardisation is to provide consistency in specific corporate procedures.
Standardisation focuses on how items are manufactured, how businesses operate, the

technology they employ, and how certain needed processes are introduced or carried out.

Standardisation can be seen in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) that

corporations must follow when compiling or reporting their annual financial statements. They

ensure consistency in the creation of financial reports and improve the clarity of the financial

information made available to the public.

Modular Coordination
Modular coordination is a dimension and space coordination concept in which building

components are dimensioned and positioned in terms of a basic unit or module, which is also

known as 1M and is equivalent to 100 mm (Patelia et al., 2013a). The International

Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), as well as several other countries, including Malaysia,

embrace MC on a global basis.

A module is a unit of measurement that signifies easily standardised and compatible pieces. In

general, the term "module" is derived from the Latin word "modulus," which signifies a tiny

dimension (Patelia et al., 2013a). MC is the international construction dimensions

standardisation system. In general, the smallest Module is used to coordinate the Position,
 Size, and Installations of Components, Elements, and their Subsystems. The distribution of

smaller dimensions should be clearer than that of larger dimensions.

Industrialised Building System (IBS)

An Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a building approach that incorporates the

placement and assembly of components that have been developed in a controlled

environment, either on-site or off-site. IBS is a term commonly used in the Malaysian

construction sector, while it is also known as pre-fabricated construction, modern method of

construction (MMC), and even off-site building in other countries ("Industrialised Building

System | IBS Malaysia | Halfen Moment," 2018).

A different overview of IBS comprises an integrated manufacturing and construction process,

a well-organized organisational structure, and effective management, planning, and control of

the highly developed components' resources, activities, and outcomes. The components are

made using machines, templates, and other pieces of machinery and equipment. Once

completed, off-site components will be sent to the General Assembly for assembly on-site.

3. Categories and Classification of Standardisation in design and build

In the Malaysian context, the classification by the CIDB is widely used and well understood

by scholars and practitioners. CIDB has classified the IBS systems into five categories as

depicted in Table 1 (CIDB, 2003).

Classification Categories

Precast concrete The most common group of IBS products is the precast concrete

framed elements; precast concrete columns, beams, slabs, walls, 3-D

buildings components (e.g. balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chambers, refuse

chambers), lightweight precast concrete, as well as permanent concrete

formworks.

Formwork Considered as one of the low-level or the least prefabricated IBS, as the

System system generally involves site casting and is therefore subject to

structural quality control, the products offer high-quality finishes, and

fast construction with less site labour and material requirement.

Steel Framing Commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams,
 System steel framing systems have always been the popular choice and used

extensively in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers. Recent

developments in this type of IBS include the increased usage of light

steel trusses consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels

and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional

hot rolled sections.

Prefabricated The system consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses.

Timber Framing While the latter are more popular, timber building frame systems also

System have their own niche market, offering interesting designs from simple

dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as

chalets for resorts.

Blockwork The construction method of using conventional bricks has been

System revolutionised by the development and usage of interlocking concrete

masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks. The tedious and

time-consuming traditional brick-laying tasks are greatly simplified by

the usage of these effective alternative solutions.

Table 1

4. Case Study Project: Background and details (from a Desk Study)

5. Application of MC and Standard IBS Components

6. Standard, Performance and Quality because of application of MC
7. Findings and Own conclusion (Student perspectives)
8. Citation and References
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
302418379_Towards_designing_modular_of_industrialized_building_systems