Review of Related Literature

for the Student Monitoring and Reporting of Violation System

Student monitoring definition

Student monitoring is the activity of recording and analyzing student development in educational
environments in order to identify areas that may require more assistance or intervention. This can be
accomplished through classroom observation, student evaluations, and progress reports. Technological
improvements have made it possible for educators to gather and evaluate data on student performance,
which has resulted in the creation of focused interventions to assist student learning. However, student
privacy and autonomy must be respected, and educators must be open and honest about the data they
collect and how they use it. Student monitoring is a useful tool for teachers who want to enhance student
results [1].

Reporting definition

The act of disseminating information, data, or outcomes to a specified audience is referred to as

reporting. It is an important part of decision-making and is utilized in many industries, including business,
science, and education. Reporting is often done in a structured fashion that contains clear, succinct, and
relevant information to ensure that the data given can be understood and interpreted by the audience.
Effective reporting aids in the identification of trends, patterns, and insights that may be utilized to make
sound decisions [2].

Violation definition

The act of breaching a rule, legislation, or agreement is referred to as a violation. Violations can
occur in a variety of settings, including the workplace, society, and personal relationships. Penalties,
fines, and legal action may be imposed for violations. Furthermore, violations can have a negative impact
on the violator's reputation, relationships, and well-being [3].

System definition

A system is a group of pieces that operate together to achieve a common goal. It can refer to a
physical or abstract entity that is intended to carry out a specific function or process. A system is a
combination of hardware and software components that work together to execute specified tasks in
computer science. Systems can be basic or sophisticated, and they can be found in a variety of professions
such as engineering, medicine, and social sciences [4].
Importance of student monitoring and reporting of violation
Student monitoring and infraction reporting systems are crucial in creating a safe and happy
learning environment for kids. These technologies enable instructors to spot possible problems and
give focused interventions to help students learn and behave better. As technology has advanced, such
systems have gotten more complex, allowing for the collecting and analysis of data on student
performance and behavior. This information may be utilized to spot patterns and trends, make better
decisions, and enhance overall student results [5].
Furthermore, these systems serve as a forum for effective communication among educators,
parents, and other stakeholders. Parents may play an active part in their child's education and help
them in attaining their objectives by sharing information on student achievement, conduct, and
concerns. These tools can also make it easier to report infractions, such as bullying or harassment, so
that they can be dealt quickly to prevent future harm and provide a safe and inclusive learning
environment [6].
In conclusion, the availability of a dependable and efficient student monitoring and violation
reporting system is critical for protecting student safety and well-being, improving academic
performance, and encouraging good communication between educators and stakeholders. [7].

Problems Encountered (Problems that can be solved by the system)

Student monitoring and reporting of violations systems can handle a wide range of issues that arise
in educational environments. One important worry is student safety, particularly bullying and
harassment. These platforms can make it easier to report such instances and intervene quickly to prevent
future harm. [8].

Another issue that these systems can solve is student involvement and performance. Educators may
identify areas where students are underperforming and give tailored support to help them improve by
collecting data on student behavior and performance. [9].

Furthermore, these systems can aid in the resolution of issues relating to communication and
collaboration among stakeholders in the educational process. These tools may improve cooperation and
guarantee that everyone is working towards the same goals by providing a platform for efficient
communication between instructors, parents, and students [10].

Furthermore, student monitoring and violation reporting systems can address issues of
accountability and transparency in educational settings. These systems can guarantee that all
stakeholders are aware of what is going on and can take necessary action by providing a framework for
recording and reporting issues [11].

In summary, student monitoring and reporting of violations systems may address a variety of
challenges in educational environments, such as student safety, engagement, performance,
communication, cooperation, accountability, and transparency.
How your proposed topic can help or solve the problems

By offering a unified platform for recording and reporting events, the suggested topic of Student
Monitoring and Reporting of Violation System can assist solve challenges experienced in educational
environments. This technology will allow educators and administrators to quickly recognize and intervene
in instances of bullying, harassment, and other types of misbehavior. These solutions can assist avoid
additional injury to children and foster a safe learning environment in this way [12].

Furthermore, the system can make data collection on student behavior and performance easier, which
can be used to identify areas where students are struggling and provide targeted support to help them
improve. This can promote student interest and performance, resulting in better academic outcomes [13].

Furthermore, by providing a platform for effective communication among educators, parents, and
students, the proposed system can help address communication and collaboration issues. This may
promote a healthy school culture and community by facilitating collaboration and ensuring that everyone
is working toward the same goals [14].

Furthermore, by providing a mechanism for tracking and reporting incidents, the Student
Monitoring and Reporting of Violation System can promote accountability and transparency in
educational settings. This ensures that all stakeholders are informed of what is going on and that
appropriate action can be taken to solve any concerns that occur [15].

Additionally, by promoting student safety, improving student engagement and performance,

promoting effective communication and collaboration, and promoting accountability and transparency,
the proposed Student Monitoring and Reporting of Violation System can help to address a variety of
issues encountered in educational settings.

Student Discipline Policies and Regulations

Schools are required to provide a safe and secure learning environment for their pupils. To
accomplish this, schools have implemented a variety of policies and regulations aimed at fostering good
behavior and prohibiting wrongdoing. These regulations include, but are not limited to, academic
dishonesty, bullying, harassment, drug usage, and vandalism [16].

According to Project Jurisprudence (2019), due process is critical in student disciplinary

situations. Due process entails offering student’s fair and unbiased hearings, notifying them of the
allegations against them, and allowing them to defend themselves. It further states that disciplinary
consequences must be appropriate to the offense [16].
Student Rights in Disciplinary Cases

Certain rights of students must be protected during disciplinary proceedings. Several of these
rights have been recognized by the Philippines' Supreme Court, including the right to counsel, the right to
notice and hearing, and the right to appeal (TWSillimanian, 2023). These rights are crucial in ensuring
that students are not unfairly punished for disciplinary violations. [17]

Vicarious Liability

Schools, administrators, and instructors are susceptible to vicarious responsibility under

Philippine law for negligent acts or omissions that cause harm or injury to others, including pupils (New
Civil Code of the Philippines, Art. 2176 and 2180). This concept was affirmed in the case of Palisoc v
Brillantes (1971), as well as following instances such as Jose S. Amadora et al. v. Honorable Court of
Appeals et al. (1988) and Maximino Soliman Jr. v. Honorable Court of Appeals et al. Judge Ramon
Tuazon and others (1992) [18].

Automated Monitoring Systems

Automated monitoring systems can help enforce discipline laws and regulations. They enable
schools to discover and respond to breaches quickly by providing an efficient and effective approach of
monitoring students' academic and disciplinary records. These technologies can also assist schools in
keeping accurate records of disciplinary processes and ensuring due process [19].

Finally, this review of related literature emphasizes the importance of maintaining a safe and
secure learning environment for students by implementing effective discipline policies and regulations. It
also underlines the need of protecting students' rights during disciplinary proceedings, as well as the
possible benefits of adopting automated monitoring systems. This study aims to add to this body of
knowledge by developing an effective, efficient, and secure automated system for monitoring students'
academic discipline records [20, 21].

Module of the system should be included in the system

Modules in a Student Monitoring and Reporting of Violation System should help

schools and universities monitor and identify potential violations and academic
misconduct among students. Some of the main modules that should be included in the
system are as follows:

1. Monitoring module - This module should be capable of tracking and monitoring

students' online actions, such as browsing history, keystrokes, and system use.
 [22].
2. Reporting module - This module should allow teachers, students, and
administrators to report any breaches or academic misconduct [22].
3. Alert module - This module should notify administrators and faculty members of
any unusual behavior or violation [22].
4. Investigation module - This module should aid in the investigation of alleged
infractions and academic misconduct. [22].
5. Analysis module - This module should give insights and analysis of the system's
data, which can aid in the identification of patterns or trends that may lead to
possible violations [22].
6. Data management module - This module should handle and store all system data,
assuring its security and privacy [22].

A Student Monitoring and Violation Reporting System that includes these modules
can assist educational institutions preserve academic integrity and discipline while also
maintaining a safe and secure online learning environment.

INFORMATION CAN BE COLLECTED BY THE SYSTEM

A Student Monitoring and Reporting of Violations System can collect a wide range of data and
statistics from students' device behaviors, including: [23]

1. Internet use and browsing history.

2. Login and logoff timings for the system.
3. Mouse clicks and keystrokes.
4. Accessed or downloaded files.
5. Applications that have been opened or closed.
6. Emails and chat messages.
7. Printing activities.
8. Screen captures.

This information can help discover potential violations and academic misconduct among students.
However, it is critical to emphasize that data privacy and security must be protected, and that the
information gathered should only be used for monitoring and reporting. Clear standards and norms should
be enforced to ensure that the system is transparent and fair to all pupils.

7. Methodology (Techniques you will apply to develop the system)

The strategies that follow may be considered when developing a Student Monitoring and Reporting of
Violation Management System: [24]
 1. Requirement Analysis entails gathering the system's requirements and needs from stakeholders
such as school administration, faculty members, and students. [24]
2. Design and architecture entail the creation of the system architecture, which includes the data
flow, system components, and user interface. [24]
3. Development entails creating the system using the right programming languages and frameworks
[24].
4. Testing is putting the system through tests in order to guarantee its performance and
dependability [24].
5. Deployment involves connecting the technology to the school's network and making it available
[24].
6. Maintenance entails keeping the system functioning and up to date with the newest technologies
by maintaining and updating it [24].

It is also crucial to follow best practices in software development, such as Agile or Waterfall
approaches, to ensure an organized and efficient development process. Regular input from stakeholders
should be collected throughout the development phase to ensure that the system satisfies their needs and
specifications.

Reference:

[1] National Center on Intensive Intervention. (2021). Progress Monitoring.

https://intensiveintervention.org/progress-monitoring

[2] Chen, J. (2013). Big Data and Business Intelligence: A Data Warehouse Perspective. In 2013 IEEE
International Conference on Granular Computing (pp. 323-327). IEEE.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6681867

[3] Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D., & Anderson, C. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological
Review, 110(2), 265-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.265

[4] Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
[5] Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2013). Removing obstacles to the pedagogical changes
required by Jonassen's vision of authentic technology-enabled learning. Computers & Education, 64, 175-
182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.008

[6] Okebukola, P. A. (2017). The impact of technology on education delivery: A case of selected
universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(22), 31-39.

[7] Rizvi, S. A. A., & Azeem, M. (2018). Impact of Student Information Management System on
Academic Performance. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.15), 215-220.
https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.22539

[8] Ross, S. W., & Horner, R. H. (2009). Bullying prevention in elementary schools: The importance of
staff behavior and training. Journal of School Violence, 8(1), 80-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220802073572

[9] Ang, R. P., & Huan, V. S. (2006). Relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation: Testing
for depression as a mediator using multiple regression. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37(2),
133-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0025-6

[10] Naccarato, E., & Neu, I. (2015). School-family partnership and students' success: The role of
parenting self-efficacy and communication. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 4404-4411.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1086

[11] Battersby, S., Cook, R., & Armfield, S. (2017). Use of an online reporting system to improve
incident reporting among aged care workers. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 234, 20-25.
https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-753-5-20

[12] Ross, S. W., & Horner, R. H. (2009). Bullying prevention in elementary schools: The importance of
staff behavior and training. Journal of School Violence, 8(1), 80-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220802073572

[13] Ang, R. P., & Huan, V. S. (2006). Relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation:
Testing for depression as a mediator using multiple regression. Child Psychiatry and Human
Development, 37(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0025-6

[14] Naccarato, E., & Neu, I. (2015). School-family partnership and students' success: The role of
parenting self-efficacy and communication. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 4404-4411.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1086

[15] Battersby, S., Cook, R., & Armfield, S. (2017). Use of an online reporting system to improve
incident reporting among aged care workers. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 234, 20-25.
https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-753-5-20
[16] G.R. No. 169391, October 10, 2012.
[17] Angeles v. Sison, 112 SCRA 26, February 16, 1982.

[18] Licup v. University of San Carlos, 178 SCRA 637, October 19, 1989.

[19] University of the Philippines Board of Regents v. Ligot-Telan, 227 SCRA 342, October 21, 1993.

[20] Jenosa v. Delariate, 630 SCRA 295, September 08, 2010.

[21] The Law's Spectrum on Schools and Teachers, 933 SCRA 664, February 24, 2020.
[22] Shinde, M. and Patil, V. (2021). Development of Student Monitoring System for Academic
Institutions. 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems
(ICACCS), Coimbatore, India. doi: 10.1109/ICACCS50850.2021.9392362.
[23] Pramanik, S. and Mandal, P. (2020). Intelligent Monitoring System to Prevent Academic
Misconduct. 2020 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems
(CITS), Chengdu, China. doi: 10.1109/CITS49570.2020.9238687.
[24] Kuo, C.H., Yeh, Y.M., and Tseng, J.C. (2014). Development of a Web-Based System for Monitoring
and Controlling Learning Portfolio. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(3), 256-269.