GROUP MEMBER

1. NUR AMYLIA BINTI

MAZELAN
2-2207-06-0702
2. NURUL NABIHA
NAJWA BT MOHD
YUSMIZIE
2-2207-06-0686
3. NUURAN ZARIF IFFAH
BINTI MAHIZAN
2-2207-06-0714
4. MOHD FAQRUL
KHAIRUSEY BIN

STANDARD OPERATING MOHD RIDZUAN

HAKIM
2-2207-06-0826
5. NATALIA EDA ANAK

PROCEDURE JANANG
2-2207-06-0695

Pharmaceutical Chemistry
1.0 Purpose

Test the presence of the gases

2.0 Scope

To identify type of gases that released from reactants. Gases to identify is hydrogen, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, chlorine, ammonia.

3.0 Equipment

Apparatus

Test-tube, test-tube holder, wooden splinter, rubber stopper with delivery tube, glass rod,
spatula, tongs, Bunsen burner, 10 cm3 measuring cylinder.

Material

Solid Potassium Chlorate (V) (KCIO₃), Dilute Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄), Zinc Powder (Zn), Solid
Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO₃), Limewater, Red litmus Paper, Blue Litmus Paper, Ammonium
Chloride (NH₄Cl), Dilute Sodium Hydroxide Solution (NaOH), Powdered Manganate (IV)
Oxide (MnO₂), Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).

4.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Hygiene Measures: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands before breaks
and immediately after handling the product.
Hand Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves must be worn; nitrile gloves are recommended.
Wearing two pairs of nitrile gloves is recommended. NOTE: Consult with your preferred
glove manufacturer to ensure that the gloves you plan on using are compatible with the
specific chemical being used.
Eye Protection: ANSI approved properly fitting safety glasses or chemical splash goggles are
required. A face shield may also be appropriate depending on the specific application.
Skin and Body Protection: Flame resistant laboratory coats must be worn and be
appropriately sized for the individual and buttoned to their full length. Personnel must also
wear full length pants, or equivalent, and close-toed shoes. Full length pants and close-toed
shoes must be worn at all times by all individuals that are occupying the laboratory area.
The area of skin between the shoe and ankle must not be exposed.

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Respiratory Protection: Gas should never be used outside of a contained unit (i.e., glove
box, chemical fume hood, or gas cabinet); therefore, respiratory protection should not be
required.
5.0 Procedure

5.1 Test for Oxygen Gas, O₂

a. Put two spatula of solid potassium chlorate (V) (KCIO₃) into a test tube.

b. Heat the solid with high heat.

c. Insert a glowing wooden splinter into the test tube.

5.2 Test for Hydrogen Gas, H₂

a. Put some a few pieces of zinc powder, Zn into a test tube.

b. Add 4 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid, H₂SO₄ into the test tube.

c. Place a lighted wooden splinter near the mouth of the test tube.

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5.3 Test for Carbon Dioxide, CO₂
a. Put a spatula of solid zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃ into a test tube.
b. Heat the solid with high heat
c. Flow the gas produced into limewater.

5.4 Test for Ammonia Gas, NH₃

a. Put a spatula of solid ammonium chloride, NH₄Cl into a test tube.
b. Add 4 cm3of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH into the test tube.

c. Heat the mixture slowly

d. Then, place a piece of moist red litmus paper to the mouth of the test tube.

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5.5 Test for Chlorine Gas, Cl₂
a. Put a spatula of powdered manganate (IV) oxide (MnO₂) into a test tube.
b. Carefully add 2 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl.

c. Heat the mixture slowly.

d. Then, place a piece of moist blue litmus paper to the mouth of the test tube.

6.0 Data

Gas Chemical Test

Oxygen gas, O₂
Hydrogen gas, H₂
Carbon Dioxide gas, CO2
Ammonia gas, NH₃
Chlorine gas, Cl₂
Method
Put a glowing wooden
splinter in the test tube
Put a lighted wooden
splinter near the mouth of
the test tube
Pass the colourless gas
through limewater
Put a moist reed litmus
paper near the mouth of the
test tube
Put a moist blue litmus
paper near the mouth of the
test tube
Observation
The glowing splinter is
rekindled
A ‘pop’ sound is produced
Limewater turn cloudy
The moist red litmus paper
turns blue
The moist blue litmus paper
turns red and then bleached

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7.0 Spill and Accident Procedures
Immediately evacuate area and ensure others are aware of the spill. If there is an imminent
threat of a fire, pull the nearest fire alarm station to evacuate the building and dial 999. If
personnel have become exposed and need medical assistance, dial 999.