Thecnical Drawing Chapter1

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
JPP/DWM1203/P01/REV00 1
Rev02 04-07-2011
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JPP/DWM1203/P01/REV00


Introduction to Technical Drawing
TOPIC 1

Topic 1 : Introduction to Technical
Drawing
At the end of this topic, student should be able :
• Explain the purpose of technical drawing
– Explain types of drawing used in Aviation Industries :
• Maintenance Manual (MM)
• Illustrated Parts Catalogue (IPC)
• Structural Repair Manual (SRM)
• Components Maintenance Manual (CMM)
• Service Bulletin (SB)
– Explain about scales
– Explain about title block and parts list
– Draw boundary lines and title block with standard line

INTRODUCTION
Best ways to communicate one's idea

through some form of picture or drawing
Presentation of idea into a universal format
Language of engineering
Drawn to a specific specification acceptable

by all
Why Is It Important to Us?
To understand the information presented in

the documents i.e.: drawings, manuals
To carry out work/task in accordance to

aircraft standard and specification
To communicate with other engineering

personnel

Objectives of Technical Drawing
The drawing must reveal the ideas, concepts
and intentions of the design engineer to the
detail without leaving any doubt.
All representations must be well arranged and
the form of the work piece be easily recognized
from the chosen views and sections.
The drawing must contain all data, instructions,
marks, symbols and notes regarding
dimensions, geometry and surface texture that
are relevant in the workshop.

Purpose Of Engineering
Drawing
 There are three purpose of Engineering Drawing in industry:
1) Communication
Engineering drawing is the main method of
communication between all people involved in the design and
manufacture of components.
2) Discussion or Convey
Ideas and theories have to be developed and may then be
discussed and convey into the reality.
3) Record Keeping
Drawings are kept for the following purpose:
 Recording previous component specifications
 Producing extra order of component
 Recording current job specifications

Method Of Producing
Technical Drawing
 Technical drawings may be produced in any of
three ways:
1. Freehand Sketching
This type of drawing is done by hand without the help of the
rule or other guiding instrument.
2. Manual Drafting Using Equipment

Using manual drafting equipment is the common of the
methods relating to drawing production.
3. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

CAD is the preparation of engineering drawings by a
computer software package.

Common Technical Drawings
Boeing
Airbus
Fokker

How to Get The Part Drawings?
Obtain the part number of the part

(Ensure the part is applicable to the aircraft serial
number - Effectivity of aircraft).
Refer to Drawing Office for the part drawings.
If not available in Drawing Office, contact Technical

Service Engineer for assistance.
Drawing number is also generally part number.
According to BS 308 (TS 88), the drawing number has

three features, the last features refer to individual
register number.

Common Technical Drawings MM-1

Common Technical Drawings MM-2

Common Technical Drawings IPC-1

Common Technical Drawings IPC-2

Common Technical Drawings WDM-1

Common Technical Drawings WDM-2

Common Technical Drawings SRM

Rev02 04-07-2011 FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Rev02 04-07-2011 FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Drawing
• Explain type of international specification.
– Identify type of International Specification drawing
use:
• DIN
• ISO
• BSI

International Specifications
DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO – International Organization for

Standardization

International Standards
ISO is the International Standard Organization ,

established in 1947.
ISO's name because "International Organization for

Standardization" would have different acronyms in different
languages ("IOS" in English, "OIN" in French for Organisation
internationale de normalisation), its founders decided to give it
also a short, all-purpose name. They chose "ISO", derived from
the Greek isos, meaning "equal". Whatever the country,
whatever the language, the short form of the organization's name
is always ISO.
A federation of national standards bodies from around

150 different countries.
ISO standards are prefixed with 'ISO‘ (e.g.: ISO 9000)

International Standards
BSI is the British Standards Institute. This is

the oldest standards body in the world.
Originate from a meeting of various
industrial institutes in 1901.
Publishes over 20,000 standards and has
operations in over 100 countries.
The prefix for its standards is BS (e.g.:
BS7799)

Typical Types of Drawings used in Aviation Industry
Maintenance Manual (MM)
Illustrated Parts Catalog (IPC ) Service Bulletin (SB)
Structural Repair Manual (SRM) Components Maintenance
Manual (CMM)
Part Drawings
(Each individual part used on aircraft will have
its drawing which states all the technical info of
the part)
Drawing
• Identify the drawing instruments used by the drafter.
– Practice how to use the drawing instruments.
– Identify the technical drawing instruments :Drawing
Board
• Set Squares
• Pencils
• Compass
• Eraser
• Drawing template
• Sharpeners
Drawing board
30

Drawing
Drawing Boards Instruments
The left edge and right edge of a
drawing board has a true straight edge.
For right-handed people, the left-hand
edge of the board is called the working
edge because the T-square head slides
against it.
For left-handed people, the right-hand
edge of the board is called the working
edge because the T-square head slides
against it.
T-Squares
The T-square is made of a long strip
called the blade, fastened at right angles
to a shorter piece called the head.

Drawing table
32

Drawing sheet/paper
• 216 X 280 mm
• 280 X 382 mm
• 382 X 560 mm
• 585 X 726 mm
33

Drafting tape
34

Pencils
• Wood pencils: H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H, 9H, B, HB, 2B, 3B,
4B, 5B, 6B.
• Semiautomatic Pencils (lead holder) are more convenient then
ordinary wood pencils.
35

Drawing Instruments
 Pencils
- A pencil is most commonly used in manual
technical drawing. Even if a drawing are often
completed in ink, the drawing is first done in
pencil and then overdrawn in ink.
- Should always use pencils with graphite leads.
- Lead for a mechanical drawing pencil comes in
18 degrees of hardness, ranging from 9H, which
is very hard, to 7B, which is very soft.
- Hard : (4H until 9H)
- Medium : (B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H)
- Soft : (2B until 7B)

Eraser
37

Erasing Shield
38

Sharpener
39

T-square
40

41

42

43

Set-squares/triangles
44

Instrument Drawing
Triangles/ Set Squares
Most inclined lines are drawn at
standard angles using the 45º x
45º triangle and the 30º x 60º
triangle.
In addition to drawing angles of
90º, 45º, 30º, and 60º, triangles
can be combined to draw
angles of 15º increments.

46

Circle Template
47

Scales
48

Compass and divider
49

Drawing Instruments
Compass
The giant (large) bow compass has a center wheel
and can be adjusted simply by opening or closing
the legs of the compass while turning the center
wheel.
Using a Compass
1. Set off the required radius on one of the
center lines.
2. Place the needle point at the exact
intersection of the center lines.
3. Adjust the compass to the required radius
4. Lean the compass in the direction that you
are going to draw the circle. Draw the circle
in a clockwise direction while rotating the
handle between the thumb and forefinger.

Drawing Instruments
Sharpening the compass lead
A properly sharpened compass point is formed by
rubbing the lead on the sandpaper pad.
A properly sharpened
compass point consists of a
single elliptical face.
A properly adjusted compass

The needlepoint extends about
halfway into the paper when the lead
touches the paper.

Sandpaper
52

Tissue paper
53

Clean paper
54
Lec. Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Paper Sizes
Paper size A0, A1, A2, A3 , A4, A5

Division of Drawing Sheet
The minimum mutual distance between

the views is 15 mm.
X should be equal
Y should be equal
Title block typically 170mm long

Use of Border Lines
Boeing Drafting Standard BDS-1010-3

Title Block
Compulsory for all

technical drawing.
Located at bottom right

hand corner or bottom
of drawing.

Sample Title Page

Sample Title Page

Typical Information Recorded on A Title Block
TITLE
The title of the drawing.
NAME
The name of the person who produced the drawing. This is
important for quality control so that problems with the drawing
can be traced back to their origin.
CHECKED
In many engineering firms, drawings are checked by a second
person before they are sent to manufacture, so that any
potential problems can be identified early.
VERSION
Many drawings will get amended over the period of the parts
life. Giving each drawing a version number helps people
identify if they are using the most recent version of the drawing.

Typical Information Recorded on A Title Block
DATE
The date the drawing was created or amended on.
SCALE
The scale of the drawing. Large parts won't fit on paper so the
scale provides a quick guide to the final size of the product.
PROJECTION SYSTEM
The projection system used to create the drawing should be
identified to help people read the drawing. (Projection systems
will be covered later).
COMPANY NAME
Many CAD drawings may be distributed outside the company so
the company name is usually added to identify the source.

Sample Title Block
TITLE: ELEVATOR ASSEMBLY DATE: 14/02/06 PROJECTION
COMPANY: MAS SCALE: 1 : 2
DRAWN BY: AH CHONG UNIT: MM / INCH
70 mm 50 mm 50 mm
Height
30mm Width 170 mm


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FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Best ways to communicate one's idea

Presentation of idea into a universal format

Drawn to a specific specification acceptable

To understand the information presented in

To carry out work/task in accordance to

To communicate with other engineering

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

2. Manual Drafting Using Equipment

3. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Obtain the part number of the part

Refer to Drawing Office for the part drawings.

If not available in Drawing Office, contact Technical

Drawing number is also generally part number.

According to BS 308 (TS 88), the drawing number has

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Rev02 04-07-2011 FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Rev02 04-07-2011 FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung

ISO – International Organization for

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

ISO is the International Standard Organization ,

ISO's name because "International Organization for

A federation of national standards bodies from around

ISO standards are prefixed with 'ISO‘ (e.g.: ISO 9000)

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

BSI is the British Standards Institute. This is

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY