KD6029 Seminar 4: Patch Antenna Design

1) Given the following microstrip parameters design a microstrip patch antenna for
operation at 2.45 GHz.
Relative Permittivity, εr = 2.33
Substrate Height h = 1.57mm

For your antenna determine the input impedance and design a suitable matching
network to connect this antenna to a 50 Ohm feed line.

Design Equations

c
L= - 2DL
2 f eeff

é W é 1 æ 2× p × h ö ùù
2
G1 := ê × ê1 - × ç ÷ úú
ë 120l0 ë 24 è l0 ø ûû
 1
Zin :=
2× G1
QUESTION 1 – part 1

Frequency = 2.45 GHz.

Relative Permittivity, εr = 2.33
Substrate Height h = 1.57mm

You need to determine length and width.

Step 1: Calculate Patch Width

c = 3 x 108 m/s
fr = 2.45 x 109 Hz
εr = 2.33

Use this formula:

c 2
W := ×
2× fr er + 1

c 2
W := ×
(
2× 2.45× 10 )
9 2.33 + 1

W = 0.047

Step 2: Calculate Effective Permittivity

Remember this is necessary because some of the field is in the dielectric (εr = 2.33) and
some of the field is in free space (εr = 1).
 - 0.5
× æç 1 + 12× ö÷
er + 1 er - 1
h W
ereff := + if >1
2 2 è Wø h

er + 1 er - 1 éæ Wö ù
- 0.5 2
h ö æ
+ × êç 1 + 12× ÷ + 0.04× ç 1 - ÷ ú otherwise
2 2 ëè Wø è h øû

W / h = 60.2, therefore use 1st equation

- 0.5
× æç 1 + 12× ö÷
er + 1 er - 1 h
ereff := +
2 2 è Wø
- 0.5
2.33 + 1 2.33 - 1 æ 1.57× 10 ö
-3
ereff := + × ç 1 + 12× ÷
2 2 è 0.047 ø

εreff = 2.227

Step 3: Calculate Line Extension

Remember this is necessary because the fields extend beyond the edge of the patch.
This is known as fringing fields and is the reason why patch antennas radiate.

( ereff + 0.3) × æ + 0.264ö

W
ç ÷
DL := 0.412× h ×
è h ø
( ereff - 0.258) × æ ö
W
ç h + 0.8÷
è ø
ΔL = 4.12 x 10-4

Step 4: Calculate Physical Length of Patch

As the fields extend beyond the patch edge (by ΔL at each radiating edge),this
effectively make the patch appear longer than it actually is. Therefore you need to
account for this in your calculation.

c
L := - 2× DL
2× fr× ereff
L = 0.04
 QUESTION 1 – part 2

For your antenna determine the input impedance and design a suitable matching
network to connect this antenna to a 50 Ohm feed line.

Frequency = 2.45 GHz.

Relative Permittivity, εr = 2.33
Substrate Height h = 1.57mm

L = 0.04, W = 0.047

Step 5: Calculate radiating slot admittance

The patch antenna can be modelled (represented) as an equivalent circuit model.

L1 L2

xf
x
Feed
Point

L1 L2

Z0 , b g Z0 , b g
Gr jB Yin jB Gr

W é 1 æ 2× p × h ö ù
2
Gr := × ê1 - × ç ÷ú
120l0 ë 24 è l0 ø û
 c
l0 :=
fr
Gr = 3.229 x 10-3

You don’t need to calculate B1 in order to determine the input impedance.

W
B1 := × ( 1 - 0.636ln( k0× h) )
120l0

Step 6: Calculate Antenna Input Impedance

This tells you the input impedance at the input to the patch.

1
Zin :=
2× G1

Zin = 154Ω

Step 7: Calculate the value of the matching circuit

In practical situations you will always connect your antenna to an external device.
These external devises always have a source impedance of 50Ω. Therefore you
need to design a quarter wave matching circuit to transform the input impedance at
the patch edge to the source impedance.

Zmatch := Zin× Zs

Zmatch = 87Ω