ESP III SYLLABUS

SUBJECT CHAPTERS
Constitution of India: • Central Legislative System of India,
• State Legislative System of India,
• Constitutional Amendments.
History: • Islam and Early Muslim Invaders,
• Delhi Sultanate,
• Rise of the Mughals (Till Akbar)
Geography: • Rivers of India,
• Multipurpose River Valley Projects,
• Thermal Power Projects.
Economics: • Tax System of India,
• Balance of Payment,
• Industrial Reforms,
• NITI Aayog and its relationship with 5 year plan,
• SDG.
Current affairs and Static GK: • Monthly Current Affairs Magazine
GEOGRAPHY
RIVERS OF INDIA
 RIVERS OF INDIA

HIMALAYAN RIVERS PENINSULAR RIVERS

The Himalayan Drainage System

The study of the Himalayan rivers can be done under the following river systems:

I. The Indus River System

II. The Ganga River System

III. The Brahmaputra River system

The Indus River System

• It is one of the largest river basins of the world.

• The Indus is the largest river in this river system.

• The Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj are its tributaries

• The source of origin of the Indus is near the Manasarovar Lake in Tibet.

• The Indus is an antecedent river which forms a 5181 m deep gorge by cutting the Ladakh range at the place
called Bunzi, north of the Nanga Parbat.

• It enters Pakistan near Chillas. It comes out of the mountain Attock to flow on the plains where the Kabul river
meet with it from the right.

• The panjnad joins it before Mithankot.

• The panjnad is the joint river current of all the five rivers of Punjab.

• The Indus drains into the Arabian sea east of Karachi.

DAMS / MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTS ON INDUS RIVER

• JHELUM – Verinag glacier ( Mangla dam)

• CHENAB – Baralacha pass (Salal dam, Dulhasti project, Pakal, Baglihar

dam, Ratle, Kiru HEP, Kwar HEP)

• RAVI – Rohtang pass (Ranjit Sagar/Thein dam)

• BEAS – Rohtang pass (Pong dam, Pandoh dam)

• SUTLEJ – Manasorovar (Bhakra - Nangal)

 RIVER ORIGIN/SOURCE STATES/UTs TRIBUTARIES NOTES
INDUS Bokhar chu Through • JHELUM Vitasta (Ancient
Glacier, Near Ladakh, name); Hydaspes(Greek name)
Sindhu Mansarovar, in (previously J • The Indira Gandhi
(Ancient the Kailash &K) • CHENAB Asikini (Ancient Canal Project (Sutlej
name); Singi name); Chandrabhagha and Beas)
Khamban • The Bhakra Nangal
(Tibetan • RAVI Parusni (Ancient name); Project (Sutlej)
name) Airavati • The Sir hind Canal
(Sutlej)
Length – • BEAS Vipasa (Ancient name); • The Pong Dam (Beas)
Hyphasis(Greek name)
3180km • The Salal Dam
(Chenab)
• SUTLEJ Sutudri (Ancient name);
(in India 800
Zarodros (Greek name); • The Baglihar Dam
KM) Langechen Khambab (Tibetan (Chenab)
name) • The Tulbul Project
(Jhelum)
• SHYOK
Ganga River

• The Ganga originates as Bhagirathi from the Gangotri glacier in

Uttar Kashi District of Uttarakhand at an elevation of 7,010 m.
• Alaknanda River joins Bhagirathi at Devaprayag.
• From Devapryag the river is called as Ganga.
• The Ganges was ranked as the fifth most polluted river of the world in
2007.
• Pollution threatens many fish species and amphibian species and the
endangered Ganges river dolphin (Blind Dolphin).
• The Ganga Action Plan, an environmental initiative to clean up the
river, has been a major failure thus far, due to corruption, lack of
technical expertise, poor environmental planning, and lack of support
from religious authorities.
• It is joined by the Yamuna at Allahabad.
• Near Rajmahal Hills it turns to the south-east.
• At Farakka, it bifurcates into Bhagirathi-Hugli in West
Bengal and Padma-Meghna in Bangladesh (it ceases to be known
as the Ganga after Farakka).
• Brahmaputra (or the Jamuna as it is known here) joins Padma-Meghna
at
• The total length of the Ganga river from its source to its mouth
(measured along the Hugli) is 2,525 km.
 RIVER ORIGIN/SOURCE STATES/UTs TRIBUTARIES NOTES

GANGA •As Bhagirathi from Uttarakhand, Uttar •Yamuna (Famous •At Bangladesh,
(2525KM) Gangotri Glacier Pradesh, Bihar, tributaries → Chambal, Ganga merges with
(Uttarakhand) Jharkhand, and Sind, Betwa & Ken) Brahmaputra (Known
West Bengal. • Gomti as Jamuna in
•Alakananda unites with • Ghaghara Bangladesh) at
Bhagirathi at • Gandak Goalundo Ghats
Devprayag, Uttarakhand • Kosi
→ Henceforth known • Son •Mixture is known as
as Ganga • Tons Padma River
• Punpun
Chambal River
• The Chambal rises in the highlands
of Janapao Hills (700 m) in the Vindhyan
Range.
• It flows through the Malwa Plateau.
• It joins the Yamuna in Etawah district of
Uttar Pradesh.
• The river flows much below its banks due to
severe erosion because of poor rainfall and
numerous deep ravines have been formed
in the Chambal Valley, giving rise
to badland topography.
• The total length of the river is 1,050 km.
Dams on the Chambal
• The Gandhi Sagar dam located on the
Rajasthan-Madhya Pradesh border.
• The Rana Pratap Sagar Chittorgarh
district in Rajasthan.
• The Jawahar Sagar Dam Kota city.
• The Kota Barrage Kota City in Rajasthan.
• Keoladeo National Park is supplied with
water from Chambal river irrigation project.
River Valley Projects of River Ganga

Tehri Project: It has been constructed at Tehri at the confluence of the rivers Bhilangana and
Bhagirathi.
Ramganga Project: It is constructed on the river Ramganga, tributary of Ganga.
Gandak Project: It is joint project of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Nepal. Hydro-electricity is
produced at Suratpura (Nepal) on the river Gandak. The dam has been built at
Bhaisalotan (Valmikinagar) in Bihar.
Matatila Project: It is joint project of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh on the river Betwa.
The dam has been built in Uttar Pradesh.
Damodar Valley: Principal object of this multipurpose scheme is to control the flowing of the
Damodar which is notorious for its vagaries and destructiveness. It is designed
on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in U.S.A.
Mayurakshi Project: It is joint project of undivided Bihar (Now Jharkhand) and West Bengal. A dam
has been built on the river Mayurakshi at Masanjore in Dumka district of
Jharkhand. It is also known as the ‘Canada Dam’.
Brahmaputra River System
Region Name
Tibet Tsangpo (meaning ‘The Purifier’)
China Yarlung Zangbo Jiangin
Assam Valley Dihang or Siong, South of Sadiya: Brahmaputra
Jamuna River
Bangladesh Padma River: Combined Waters of Ganga and Brahmaputra
Meghana: From the confluence of Padma and Meghna
 RIVER ORIGIN/SOURCE STATES/UTs TRIBUTARIES NOTES
Brahmaputra Chemayungdung Arunachal • Dihang •Turns southward
Glacier (Kailash Range, Pradesh, Assam • Lohit near Namcha –
•In Tibet, Tibet) • Subansiri Barwa
known as • Teesta •Enters Arunachal
TSANG – PO • Meghna (Barack in Pradesh as Dihang
Assam) River at Sadiya,
•In China, • Manas emerging from the
known as mountains
YARLUNG •Joined by Dibang
ZANBO river from the north
& Lohit river from
the south → Known
as Brahamputra
•Turns at Dhubri to
enter into
Bangladesh
•Joins Ganga &
Meghna → Merges
to BOB
The Narmada

• It originates from the hills of Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh.

• It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat (the Arabian Sea) near Bharuch in Gujarat.
• This river flows in a rift valley.
• There are the Vindhyas to its north and the Satpura to its south.
• It forms the 'Dhuandhar waterfall' by cutting the marble rocks of Bhedaghat near Jabalpur.
• The river Orisan is its main tributary.

The Tapi (Tapti)

• The Tapi originates from Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Its main tributary is the river Purna.

• This river flows in a rift valley and passing through Surat drains into the Gulf of Khambhat
(Cambay).
 RIVER SOURCE OF ORIGIN MAIN TRIBUTARIES CONFLUENCE OR OTHER FEATURES
MOUTH

Godavari A place called trimbak Indravati ,pranhita, Bay of Bengal Known as vridha/old
located on Western Ghat Purna, manjira, Ganga.
Nashik district pravara, dudhna Also called Ganga of
Maharashtra south or dakshin
Ganga
Longest river of
South India.

Krishna Mahabaleshwar Western Tungabhadra, bhima, Bay of Bengal Second longest river
Ghat Maharashtra koyna, Varna of South India.
,panchganga
,ghataprabha
,malaprabha,dudhga
nga ,musi
RIVER SOURCE OF ORIGIN MAIN TRIBUTARIES CONFLUENCE OR OTHER FEATURES
MOUTH
Kaveri Brahmagiri hills, Right Bank- Bay of Bengal It is full of water
Coorg district Laxmanatirtha, because it's get train
Karnataka kabini, suvatnavati, from both the
bhavani, amravati. Southwest and
northeast monsoon.
Left Bank- harangi,
hemavati, shimsha, Sivasamudram
arkavati waterfall and
hogenakkal waterfall
is on this river.
 RIVER SOURCE OF ORIGIN MAIN TRIBUTARIES CONFLUENCE OR OTHER FEATURES
MOUTH
Mahanadi Shihawa, Seonath, hasdeo, Bay of Bengal Hirakud dam
Chhattisgarh mand, Ib, jonk, tel

Narmada Hills of Amarkantak Orisan, tawa Gulf of khambhat Forms Kapil Dhara
Madhya Pradesh Arabian sea waterfall also
Aliabet estuary known as
dhuandhar waterfall
in Jabalpur.
Form rift valley
Tapi or Tapti Betul district of Purna, vegar, girna, Gulf of khambhat • Forms rift valley
Madhya Pradesh bori Arabian sea
• Estuary at its
mouth.