Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Take
medication
between
meals with
orange
juice or
vitamin C
supplement
o Increases
iron
absorption;
decreases
metallic
taste
o May take
medication
with food
to decrease
gastrointes
tinal side
effects
o Avoid
taking
medication
with
dietary
fiber, eggs,
milk,
coffee, or
tea
• Remain
upright for
at least 30
minutes
after
administrati
on
o Decreases
irritation to
esophagus
• Liquid
preparation
s
o Avoid teeth
staining
▪ Dilute iron
with water
or juice
▪ Use a
straw
▪ Rinse or
brush
immediatel
y
afterwards
• Include
iron-rich
foods in
diet; e.g.,
lean red
meats,
green leafy
vegetables,
fortified
cereals
• Stools may
turn dark
green or
black
o Discoloratio
n is
harmless
• Constipatio
n
o Increase
fluids,
dietary
fiber,
physical
activity as
tolerated
• Early
symptoms
of iron
toxicity;
e.g.,
nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
abdominal
pain
o Seek
medical
attention
immediatel
y
• Keep iron
supplement
s out of the
reach of
children
o Common
cause of
fatal
poisoning
IV / IM
Assessmen
t,
interventio
ns, and
monitoring
IV
• Confirm a
patent IV
• Emergency
equipment
and
injectable
epinephrin
e readily
available
• Administer
prescribed
test dose
o Observe for
signs of
anaphylaxis
for at least
15
minutes;
e.g.,
flushing,
difficulty
breathing,
a weak,
rapid pulse,
hypotensio
n
o New IV site
if burning
or pain
occurs
o Monitor for
tissue
staining;
phlebitis
IM
• Use Z-track
method
o Prevents
medication
leakage
and
irritation
o Monitor
injection
site for
tissue
staining,
irritation,
and pain
Mefe NSAI Mefenamic acid • Mild pain Not Common Oral, Assessmen
nami D- binds the • Primary recommende• Bloody urine rat t & Drug
c nonst prostaglandin Dysmenorr d to use with• bloody, black, LD50: Effects
Acid eroida synthetase hoea Ketorolac. or tarry stools 740 ▪ Assess
l anti- receptors COX-1 • Gastrointes • decreased mg/kg. patients
inflam and COX-2, tinal Acute frequency or Sympto who
mator inhibiting the cramping bronchospas amount of ms of develop
y drug action of • Moderate m, asthma, urine overdos severe
prostaglandin Pain nasal polyps,• heartburn e may diarrhea
synthetase. As NSAID • increased include and
these receptors hypersensitivi bleeding time severe vomiting
have a role as a ty, salicylate • increased stomac for
major mediator hypersensitivi blood pressure h pain, dehydratio
of inflammation ty, urticaria • increased thirst coffee n and
and/or a role for Mefenamic • indigestion ground- electrolyte
prostanoid acid is • itching, skin like imbalance.
signaling in contraindicate rash vomit, ▪ Lab tests:
activity- d in patients • loss of appetite dark With long-
dependent with salicylate• lower back or stool, term
plasticity, the hypersensitivi side pain ringing therapy
symptoms of ty or NSAID • nausea in the (not
pain are hypersensitivi• pale skin ears, recommen
temporarily ty who have • severe change ded) obtain
reduced. experienced stomach pain, in periodic
asthma, cramping, or amount complete
urticaria, or burning of blood
other allergic• stomach urine, counts, Hct
reactions bloating unusual and Hgb,
after taking • swelling of the ly fast and kidney
aspirin or face, fingers, or slow function
other feet, or lower heartbe tests.
NSAIDs. legs at, Patient &
Severe, rarely • trouble muscle Family
fatal, breathing weakne Education
anaphylactoid ss, slow
reactions to • unusual or ▪ Discontinue
mefenamic bleeding or shallow drug
acid have bruising breathi promptly if
been • unusual ng, diarrhea,
reported in tiredness or confusi dark stools,
such patients. weakness on, hematemes
Mefenamic • vomiting severe is,
acid should • vomiting of headac ecchymose
not be used material that he or s, epistaxis,
in patients looks like loss of or rash
with aspirin- coffee conscio occur and
sensitive grounds, usness do not use
asthma or the severe and again.
aspirin triad continuing Contact
because of • weight gain physician.
the • weight loss ▪ Notify
approximate • physician if
5% cross- persistent
sensitivity GI
that occurs discomfort,
between sore throat,
aspirin and fever, or
NSAIDs. The malaise
triad typically occur.
occurs in ▪ Do not
patients with drive or
asthma who engage in
experience potentially
rhinitis with hazardous
or without activities
nasal polyps, until
or who response to
experience drug is
severe, known. It
potentially may cause
fatal, acute dizziness
bronchospas and
m after drowsiness.
taking aspirin ▪ Monitor
or other blood
NSAIDs. glucose for
loss of
glycemic
control if
diabetic.
▪ Do not
breast feed
while
taking this
drug
without
consulting
physician.
Celec NSAI Unlike most Celecoxib is • Hypersensiti • Cough headac • Assess
oxib D NSAIDs, which indicated for vity; • fever he, range of
inhibit both types symptomatic • Cross- • skin rash fever motion,
of treatment of sensitivity • sneezing (pyrexia degree of
cyclooxygenases adult may exist • sore throat ), upper swelling,
(COX-1 and osteoarthritis with other • swelling of abdomi and pain
COX-2), (OA) and NSAIDs, the face, nal in
celecoxib is a adult including fingers, feet, pain, affected
selective rheumatoid aspirin; or lower legs cough, joints
noncompetitive arthritis • History of nasoph before
inhibitor of (RA).31 Celec allergic-type aryngiti and
cyclooxygenase- oxib is not a reactions to s, periodical
2 (COX-2) substitute for sulfonamide abdomi ly
enzyme. COX-2 aspirin for s; nal througho
is expressed cardiovascula • History of pain, ut
heavily in r event asthma, nausea, therapy.
inflamed tissues prophylaxis.31 urticaria, or arthralg • Assess
where it is It may be allergic-type ia, patient
induced by also be used reactions to diarrhea for
inflammatory to treat acute aspirin or , and allergy to
mediators.31 The pain from other vomitin sulfonam
inhibition of this various NSAIDs, g. ides,
enzyme reduces sources, including the aspirin,
the synthesis of juvenile aspirin triad or
metabolites that rheumatoid (asthma, NSAIDs.
include arthritis in nasal polyps, Patients
prostaglandin E2 children over and severe with
(PGE2), 2, ankylosing hypersensiti these
prostacyclin spondylitis, vity allergies
(PGI2), and primary reactions to should
thromboxane dysmenorrhe aspirin); not
(TXA2), a.31 • Advanced receive
prostaglandin D2 Celecoxib, in renal celecoxib
(PGD2), and combination disease; .
prostaglandin F2 with tramadol • Severe • Assess
(PGF2). , is indicated hepatic patient
Resultant for the impairment; for skin
inhibition of management • Coronary rash
these mediators of acute pain artery frequentl
leads to the in adults bypass graft y during
alleviation of severe (CABG) therapy.
pain and enough to surgery; Discontin
inflammation.7,31 require an • OB: Avoid ue at
By inhibiting opioid use after 30 first sign
prostaglandin analgesic and wk of rash;
synthesis, non- in whom gestation. may be
steroidal anti- alternative life-
inflammatory treatments threateni
drugs (NSAIDs) are ng. SJS
cause mucosal inadequate.33 may
damage, develop.
ulceration and Treat
ulcer symptom
complication atically;
throughout the may
gastrointestinal recur
tract.31 Celecoxib once
poses less of an treatmen
ulceration risk t is
than other stopped.
NSAIDS, owing • Monitor
to its decreased for signs
effect on gastric and
mucosal symptom
prostaglandin s of
synthesis when DRESS
compared to (fever,
placebo.8 rash,
Celecoxib exerts lymphad
anticancer enopathy
effects by , facial
binding to the swelling)
cadherin-11 periodical
(CDH11)protein, ly during
which is thought therapy.
to be involved in Discontin
the progression ue
of tumors, and therapy if
inhibiting the 3- symptom
phosphoinositide s occur.
-dependent Lab Test
kinase-1 (PDK-1) Consider
signaling ations:
mechanism.22,17 I May cause
n addition, ↑ AST
celecoxib has and ALT
been found to levels.
inhibit carbonic • May
anhydrase cause
enzymes 2 and hypopho
3, further sphatemi
enhancing its a,
anticancer hyperkal
effects emia,
and ↑
BUN.
• Use
lowest
effective
dose for
shortest
period of
time.
• PO May
be
administ
ered
without
regard to
meals.
Capsules
may be
opened
and
sprinkled
on
applesau
ce and
ingested
immediat
ely with
water.
Mixture
may be
stored in
the
refrigerat
or for up
to 6 hr.
Para analg categorized used for the • caloric • an allergic • Nause - Check
ceta esic alongside treatment of undernutritio reaction, a, that the
mol and NSAIDs mild to n which can sudde patient is
antipy (nonsteroidal moderate • acute liver cause n not taking
retic anti- pain and failure a rash and weight any other
inflammatory reduction of • liver swelling loss, medication
drugs) due to its fever. problems • flushing, low loss of containing
ability to inhibit • a condition blood appetit paracetam
the Acetaminoph where the pressure and e ol.
cyclooxygenase en injection i body is a fast • Yellowi - For
(COX) s indicated unable to heartbeat – ng of children
pathways.14 It is for the maintain this can eyes who may
thought to exert management adequate sometimes and refuse
central actions of mild to blood flow happen when skin medicine
which ultimately moderate called shock paracetamol • Unexpl off a spoon
lead to the pain, the • acetaminoph is given in ained try using a
alleviation of management en overdose hospital into bruisin medicine
pain symptoms. of moderate • acute a vein in your g or syringe to
to severe inflammation arm bleedi squirt liquid
acetaminophen pain with of the liver • blood ng slowly into
increases the adjunctive due to disorders, • Difficul the side of
pain threshold by opioid hepatitis C such as ty in the child’s
inhibiting two analgesics, virus thrombocytop breathi mouth or
isoforms of and the enia (low ng use soluble
cyclooxygenase, reduction of number of • paracetam
COX-1 and COX- fever. platelet cells) ol mixed
2, which are and with a
involved in Because of leukopenia drink.
prostaglandin its low risk of (low number - Some
(PG) synthesis. causing of white children
Prostaglandins allergic blood cells) may be
are responsible reactions, • liver and happy to
for eliciting pain this drug can kidney take one
sensations. be damage, if paracetam
administered you take too ol product
in patients much but dislike
who are (overdose) – the taste of
intolerant to this can be another.
salicylates fatal in - There are
and those severe cases no known
with allergic harmful
tendencies, effects
including when used
bronchial during
asthmatics. S pregnancy.
pecific dosing - Small
guidelines amounts
should be may pass
followed into breast
when milk.
administering However,
acetaminoph there are
en to children no known
harmful
effects
when used
by
breastfeedi
ng
mothers.
- Alcohol
increases
the risk of
liver
damage
that can
occur if an
overdose
of
paracetam
ol is taken.
The
hazards of
paracetam
ol overdose
are greater
in
persistent
heavy
drinkers
and in
people with
alcoholic
liver
disease.
- Evaluate
therapeutic
response
Meth ergot Methylergometri For the • blockage or • Abdominal • Blood can cause
ergin alkaloi ne acts directly prevention narrowing pain in the hypertensio
e ds on the smooth and control of mitral • headache urine n, cramps,
muscle of the of excessive heart valve • increased • chan nausea,
uterus and bleeding • high blood blood ge in vomiting,
increases the following pressure pressure skin dyspnea
tone, rate, and vaginal • a heart color • monitor
amplitude of childbirth attack • chest BP, heart
rhythmic • coronary pain rate,
contractions artery or uterine
through binding disease disco response
and the resultant • a stroke mfort • assess
antagonism of calcium
the dopamine D1 • a blockage • diffic levels –
receptor. Thus, it of the ult or effectivene
induces a rapid arteries labor ss ↓ with
and sustained called ed hypocalce
tetanic arterioscler breat mia
uterotonic effect osis hing • monitor
which shortens obliterans • diffic uterine
the third stage of • serious ulty bleeding
labor and numbness with and notify
reduces blood or prickling swall physician
loss. or tingling owin of any
of fingers g changes
and toes • dizzin Mothers
• liver ess should not
problems • fast, breast-feed
• decreased poun during
kidney ding, treatment
function or with
• seizures irreg Methergine
• pregnancy ular and at
• sepsis heart least 12
beat hours after
or administrati
pulse on of the
• hives last dose.
• lighth Milk
eade secreted
dness during this
, period
dizzin should be
ess, discarded.
or
fainti
ng
• pain
or
disco
mfort
in the
arms,
jaw,
back,
or
neck
• pain,
tende
rness
, or
swelli
ng of
the
foot
or leg
• puffin
ess
or
swelli
ng of
the
eyelid
s or
aroun
d the
eyes,
face,
lips,
or
tongu
e
• slow
or
fast
heart
beat
• skin
rash
• swea
ting
• vomit
ing
Oxyt oxyto Oxytocin increas Administratio• Significant • Slow heart rate • rash can cause
ocin cic es the sodium n of cephalopelvic• Fast heart rate • hives ICH in
hormo permeability of exogenous disproportion• Premature vent • itching fetus
nes uterine oxytocin is • Unfavorable ricular complex • difficul • can cause
myofibrils, indicated in fetal positions es and other ty asphyxia in
indirectly the or irregular breathi fetus
stimulating antepartum presentations heartbeats ng or • may
contraction of period to , (arrhythmias) swallo cause
the uterine initiate or e.g., transver• Permanent cen wing coma and
smooth muscle. improve se lies, which tral nervous • swellin seizures in
The uterus uterine are system (CNS) g of mother
responds to contractions undeliverable or brain the • may
oxytocin more for vaginal without damage, and face, cause
readily in the delivery in conversion death throat, painful
presence of high situations before secondary to tongue contraction
estrogen where there delivery suffocation , lips, s
concentrations is fetal or • Obstetric • Neonatal seizur eyes, • assess
and with the maternal emergencies e hands, fetus
increased concern. For that favor • Neonatal feet, • assess
duration of example, It surgery yellowing of ankles, contraction
pregnancy. may be used• Fetal skin or eyes or s
to induce distress wher (jaundice) lower • monitor
labor in cases e delivery is • Fetal death legs blood
of Rh not imminent• Low Apgar • fast pressure
sensitization,• Where score (5 heartb • assess
maternal adequate minutes) eat maternal
diabetes, uterine electrolytes
preeclampsia activity fails • Uteroplacental • unusu • may
at or near to achieve hypoperfusion al cause
term, and satisfactory and variable bleedi uterine
when progress deceleration of ng tetany
delivery is • Hyperactive fetal heart rate
indicated due or hypertonic• Inadequate
to uterus fetal oxygen
prematurely • Contraindicat levels
ruptured ed vaginal (hypoxia)
membranes.I delivery, e.g.,• Perinatal hepat
mportantly, invasive cervi ic necrosis
oxytocin is cal carcinoma• Fetal hypercap
not approved , nia
or indicated active herpes• Severe
for elective genitalis, decreases in
induction of total placenta maternal systol
labor. previa, vasa ic and diastolic
Oxytocin may previa, blood pressure,
be used to and cord pres increases in
reinforce entation or heart rate,
labor in prolapse of systemic
select cases cord venous return
of uterine • Hypersensitivi and cardiac
inertia and as ty output,
adjunctive • Fetal and arrhythmia
therapy in distress, poly
the hydramnios,
management partial
of incomplete placenta
or inevitable previa, prema
abortion. In turity,
the borderline
postpartum cephalopelvic
period, disproportion,
oxytocin may previous
be used to major surgery
induced of cervix or
contractions uterus
in the 3rd (including C-
stage of labor section),
and to over-
control distension of
postpartum the uterus,
bleeding or grand
hemorrhage. multiparity,
invasive
cervical
carcinoma,
history of
uterine sepsis
, or traumatic
delivery
• Hyperstimulat
ion of the
uterus, with
strong
(hypertonic)
and/or
prolonged
(tetanic)
contractions,
or a resting
uterine tone
of 15-20
mm H2O bet
ween
contractions
may occur,
possibly
resulting
in uterine
rupture,
cervical and
vaginal
lacerations,
postpartum
hemorrhage,
abruptio plac
entae,
impaired
uterine blood
flow, amniotic
fluid embolis
m, &
fetal trauma i
ncluding
intracranial
hemorrhage
• Not indicated
for elective
labor
induction