-- ​Population & Migration Patterns​ ​--  

​ ​ ​Vocab ​ ​ ​ ​ ​. 
Agricultural Density Ratio of farmers to arable land Life Expectancy Avg. # of yrs a person lives

Agricultural Revolution 1st time when ​plants & animals were Crude Birth / Death Annual ​live births / deaths​ per
(10,000 BC) domesticated​, thus humans settled Rate ​(CDR) 1,000 living
and did not rely of hunting & gathering

Medical Revolution Knowledge of medicine inc. rapidly Infant / Newborn Annual ​infant / newborn deaths​ per
(1800s) Mortality Rate​ (IMR) 1,000 live births

Population Explosion Rapid growth in world population Natural Increase Annual % growth of population
(20th century) Rate ​(NIR) (CBR - CDR)

Industrial Revolution Technology and manufacturing Total Fertility Rate Avg. # of kids a woman conceives
(1760-1840) processes improved & widely used

Population Pyramid Displays populations age & gender Child Mortality Rate Annual ​deaths​ per 1,000 (ages ​1-4​)

Dependency Ratio Ratio between people ​under 15 and Ecumene % of Earth’s surface marked by
over 64​, relying on labor force human settlement

Arithmetic Population Total people / land area Epidemiology Study of occurrence, spread, and
Density control of ​diseases​ affecting many

Physiological Population People per unit arable land Pandemic Disease spreading & affecting people
Density over a wide geographic area
​ ​Demographic Transition Model: Population Change Over Time ​ ​ ​.
☆Stage 1: pre-modern times, long doubling-rates (time to 2x pop.); lack of
food & knowledge for hygiene & disease control; no countries
☆Stage 2: improved food supply due to advanced farming in 18th century
(crop rotation, selective breeding); improvement in health
(better water supply & sewers); Sub-Saharan Africa, Afgan.
☆Stage 3: countries start developing - urban living starts to normalize,
leading to a change is value and education and thus decline in
birth rate; women are educated and enter workforce
☆Stage 4: population is stable; tech boom; includes most developed
countries like US, Canada, China, Singapore, South Korea, &
most of Europe; ideal stage
☆Stage 5: population decline, Japan - people focusing more on working
and due to large older age population, more are dying off; while
less children are being born relative to older age population

☆China’s One-Child Policy: pop. was inc beyond sustainability, thus # ☆​Ravenstein's Laws of Migration:
births had to decline 1. Most migrations are short-distance
☆Changed social, economic, and political roles for women changed 2. It occurs in steps
fertility and migration, less # births 3. Big cities attract long-distance migrants
☆Dependency Ratio: working pop:older pop 4. Migration happens from rural to urban cities
Migration: in the modern world of instant communication & easy travel 5. There’s a counterflow to migration
☆Causes: jobs, security from gov, lack of opportunities 6. Single adults are more likely to travel than families
Push Factors: reasons to leave (conflict, no job, bad life) 7. Most international migrants are young males
Pull Factors: reasons to come (better jobs, liberty, safety)
Voluntary: one leaves because of their personal reasons Malthusian Theory Also know
Involuntary: forced to leave during times of war (refuges) Population Pyramids
☆Globalization: migrations causes spread of ideas and people; why Epidemiologic Transition Model
people from around the world come to US; travel of goods & people Zelinsky Model of Migration