The root of the word disaster (“bad star” in Greek and Latin) comes from an

astrological theme in which the ancients used to refer to the destruction or

deconstruction of a star as a disaster. Disaster is an event or series of events, which
gives rise to casualties and damage or loss of properties, infrastructures, environment,
essential services or means of livelihood on such a scale which is beyond the normal
capacity of the affected community to cope with. Disaster is also sometimes described
as a “catastrophic situation in which the normal pattern of life or eco-system has been
disrupted and extra-ordinary emergency interventions are required to save and
preserve lives and or the environment”.

we cannot prevent the coming of many natural hazards but can reduce their harmful
effects through proper management, so that the loss of life and property can be
minimized. As we know, the present danger is not from the natural disasters, but are
the human disasters. through disaster management, we can prevent hazards from being
turned into a disaster. Disaster management broadly encompasses the management
before, during and after a disaster. It simply means planning of various steps to reduce
the aftermath of a disaster, planning effective response system, planning
rehabilitation 

This management can be categorised into three steps:-

1) Pre-disaster management
It is related to rescue even before any possible disaster arises. Most important
purpose of this is to mitigate human loss. That also includes the development of
information technology system; mobilization of resource for necessary action, and
warning people through media, radio etc. transporting the people in a safe place in case
of disaster occurrence etc.
2) Management during Disasters:
This is one of the important phases which depends on the level of pre-disaster
management phase. The process of quick action and the help of the victims of the
disaster-prone areas, transporting them in safe areas are the base of this. In this,
food, clothing and health facilities are also provided to the people.
3) Post-disaster management
In this particular phase, redevelopment and reconstruction of affected areas are done.
Also, the administration is bound to help affected people by providing them with
employment or compensation.
volcanic eruption, an eruption of molten rock, hot rock fragments, and hot gases
through a volcano, which is a vent in a planet’s crust. The word volcano is derived from
the Latin Volcanus, or Vulcan, the name of the ancient Roman god of fire.
The Māori people of New Zealand (Aotearoa)—which lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire
Volcanic eruptions can cause disastrous loss of life and property. These eruptions
also play a role in climate change, with expelled gases such as carbon
dioxide contributing to global warming, while ash, dust, and gases such as sulfur
dioxide can drive global temperatures down. Volcanic eruptions occur as a result
of heat moving under Earth’s surface. Small earthquakes, may be caused by a rising plug
of dense, viscous magma oscillating against a sheath of more permeable magma, may
also signal volcanic eruptions, especially explosive ones. Volcanic eruptions can also
result in secondary damage, beyond the direct loss to life and property from the
eruption itself. Volcanic ash can cause respiratory illnesses such as silicosis and can be
particularly harmful to infants and people with chronic lung diseases. Gases such
as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen fluoride can cause both short-
and long-term problems.

If you are indoors

*Close all windows, doors, and fireplace or woodstove dampers.
*Turn off all fans and heating and air conditioning systems.
*Bring pets and livestock into closed shelters.

If you are outdoors

*Seek shelter indoors.
*If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball to protect your head.
*If near a stream or river, be aware of rising water and possible mudflows in low-lying
areas. Move up-slope as quickly as possible.
*Seek care for burns right away. Immediate care can be life saving.
Terrorism is the unlawful act of violence which is used by the terrorists to make people
fear. Terrorism involves violence against public, with a political or religious desire.
Terrorist acts are organized so as to attract large attention. Terrorists use acts of
violence for frightening the group of peoples or pressuring the Government to do or not
do something. Many Countries give aid and dangerous weapons to the terrorist groups in
order to weaken the other country. In most cases, terrorism is a bludgeon of small
groups, fighting against governments that are more well-known and better armed. The
main reason of emergence of terrorism has been exploitation of weaker and poor
section of the society by the rich and powerful . terrorist opted to use violence to yield
the results. Such acts of violence are also called terrorist activities. There are many
other reasons for terrorism like religion, language or to set up a new pattern of
government.

Take precautions when traveling.

Be aware of conspicuous or unusual behavior.
Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not leave luggage unattended.
Unusual behavior, suspicious packages, and strange devices should be promptly reported
to the police or security personnel.

Do not be afraid to move or leave if you feel uncomfortable or if something does not
seem right.