Mechaella Shella Apolinario 03-13-23

1.4 BSA Economic Development

Learning Task 3

1.What are the commonalities of developing countries and explain the

commonalities?

An idea of the commonalities of a developing economy must have been

gathered information of the definitions of an underdeveloped economy.

Innumerable developing countries differ a good deal from each other. Some

developing countries are largely dependent on exports of primary products,

others do not show such subordination. Some developing countries have weak

institutional structure such as lack of property rights, absence of the rule of law

and political vulnerability which affect the reason to invest. Besides, there are lot

of differences with regard to levels of education, health, food production and

opportunity of natural resources. However, despite this great variation there are

many common features of the developing economies. It is because of common

characteristics that their developmental problems are studied within a common

organized structure of development economics.

2. List and explain at least three (3) indicators of development.

First is the Education indicators, To show the collected achievement of

primary education and learning programs in relaying basic learning skills to the

population, thereby enabling them to apply such skills in daily life and to

continue learning and communicating using the written word. Education

represents a possible for further intellectual growth and contribution to

economic-socio-cultural development of society and to show the overall level

of development of an educational system in terms of the average number of

years of schooling that the education system offers to the suitable population.

Second is Health Indicators, health indicators monitors the life expectancy

of every people in the economy. The impact of health policies, programs,

services and actions. It can provide the needed information on risks, disease

and health related trends such as governments, health professionals, national

organization and the general community. Providing these groups monitors the

population’s health situation for it’s social control.

Third is the Social Indictors, Social indicators are numerical measures that

describe the well-being of individuals or communities. Indicators are comprised

of one variable or several components combined into an index. They are used

to describe and evaluate community well-being in terms of social, economic,

and psychological welfare.

 Fourth is the Employment Rates, is one of the important indicator studying

developments within labor markets. That reflects the flexibility between a

number of factors, such as the impact of economic policies on employment

levels. The extent to which policies are in place to assist particular groups obtain

entry to employment example family, friendly, policies for people with young

children and cultural factors.

Fifth in the indicator is gender equality indicators, They represent the key

areas where workplace gender inequality continue and where progress towards

gender equality must be exhibit. Described organization are required to make

reasonable and material progress in relation to the workplace gender equality

indicators.

Sixth is Democracy Indicators, measuring people of different social class,

civil liberties and political culture. In addition to a numeric score and a ranking,

the index categorizes each country into one of four authorization types full

democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes, and authoritarian regimes.

Seven is the Freedom of Press Indicators, it intends to reflect the degree of

freedom that journalists, news organizations, and people have in each country,

and the efforts made by authorities to respect this freedom. Reporters Without

Borders is careful to note that the index only deals with press freedom and does

not measure the quality of journalism in the countries it evaluated, nor does it

look at human rights violations in general.

 Eight is the Human Right Indicators, necessary in the implementation of

human rights standards and commitments, to support policy formulation, impact

assessment and transparency. To support the realization of human rights at all

levels. Respond to a longstanding demand to develop and deploy appropriate

statistical indicators in furthering the cause of human rights.

Nine is the Crime and Criminal Justice Indicators, Any person can be

affected by crime and violence either by experiencing it directly or indirectly,

such as witnessing violence or property crimes in their community or hearing

about crime and violence from other residents. Addressing exposure to crime

and violence as a public health issue may help prevent and reduce the harms

to individual and community health and well-being.

Lastly is the Suicide Rates Indicators, are defined as the deaths on purpose

initiated and performed by a person in the full knowledge or expectation of its

fatal outcome. Comparability of data between countries is affected by a

number of reporting criteria, including how a person's intention of killing

themselves is discover, who is responsible for completing the death certificate,

whether a forensic investigation is carried out, and the providing for

confidentiality of the cause of death.