Definition

Locus
of a point which is at a fixed distance from a fixed
point

Fitna
q

Circle
Different formsof Equationof
Centre Radiusform
h Ky radius r is given
Equationof Circle having centre
by 2
H h ly k 22

PC 8

they r

c iÉ any Yy k
2
82

Standard
form a isgiven
radius
Equation Circle with centre 10,0
of
by
Ky a2

É pc a

Xyz
22
a
92
42
General Equation Circle
of
Equation Circle with Centre kik radius r isgiven
by
of
2
22 a
R h ly
222 hat h't y22kg 42 82
2ha 2kg 42 42 84
0
Ky
of Circle isgivenby
General Equation

t c o
Uy't agatafy
Centre tg t
lo eff of y
z
ft
loetfofse

radius
tf
Circle is real
if g f e o

if gtf c o t paintCircle
if g't f e co imaginary circle

General Equationof Seconddegree in two variable

a sea 2 0
hay by 2gxt2fytC
will represent Circle only
a b h o
if
made by the Circle givenby
Intercept
C o on coordinatesaxes
sexy 292
2 2
by
 Intercept made on se axis
Z
Je
É Eez
if g c Circleintersectx axis
at two points
for re intercept put 4 0
if g c Circletouches x axis
set 2g at CEO
T2 Circleneitherintersect
if greet
nor touches se axis

That
Intercept made on Y axis
The Z
Je

if f e t Circleintersect y axis
Similarly
Lengthof y intercept
2 Jfc at two points

Circle touches y axis

if f c

if fact Circle neitherintersect

nortouches y axis

Equation ofConcentric Circles

Equation Circle concentric to the
of 82
Circle Ce htt y y

my is given by
x h Ily k A

Diametricform
are
Equationof Circle whose endsof diameter
H Y 12,42 isgiven by
 Re se 12 ka Y Y 14 921 0
o

EEYkstkg.IE
whoseroots are whoseroots are o
se coordinates of y coordinates of
diametricends diametric ends

I
t MPA Mpp

S
LY YD Y 42 2 24 2 212

4 24 12 22 YY Y 421 0

Parametricform
circle sexy a2 in parametric form is
Equation of
givenby sea acoso Tosa
asino
Y
on the circle can be
Any point
µ É assumed as a cosa aging

OA acoso
se acoso
PA a sino
y casino
Placoso asino
 Equation
of Circle K aptly ut as in parametricform is
given by
Khtacoso NOSE
L ktasino

three non collinear

Equation of Circle passing through
points H Y 192,42 23143

Pengil
find circumcentre
t Hence equation of circle

Ise ii y

Assuming equation of Circle

c o
22 42 2
gatzfy
42 4,2 292 2fy c o
Me to set
0 0
xftyEtagas 2882 g fee
zfy go
32 93 t agr
i Using determinant

Kiya se y s

Setty N Y d
0
Katya 22 42 t

23832 23 83 t
 of Circletouching axes
or
Equation intersecting axes
Circle passingthroughorigin c o

Equation can be assumed as

292 284
0
2742

Circle touching x axis let's say in firstquadrant

it centre ya p
radius 1131
1131
G g Cy B B2
or a from Generalequation
22 92 292 2 fy t c o

se intercept 0

gee
Circle touching y axis let's say in firstquadrant

ly B Z
2
kill w Ge y a
g
or w from GeneralEquation
22 44 2gxt2fytc o

Y intercept o

JE c

Circle touching both axes let's first quad

say in

w k Nt ly 212 22
play
 lat
ore from Generalequation
K y2 2gxt2fytc o

x intercept o
Y intercept 0 ÉÉ
I find the centre radius ofthe circle atty ex toy 2 0

alsofind se intercept y intercept

Centre 35
radius JEE
6
252 217 mob
n int 2 Fc
Y int 2 JFC 22552 2527mA
Equationof Circle which passes through 12,1 62 3 has
I
centre on 4 0
sexy
let centre be Pla 4 x
BC2137
through AR
Circle passes 1

je.ge IIF Tt np
2
2
42 4 425 2 102 52
2
4 424 49 242 142

24 122
K 2

Centre 2 2

radius PA J t2 D2 5

Ega Ce 212 14 232 52

I find the centre radius
of circle passingthrough 12,01 16,0
C 2

let the equationof Circle be

22 44 2g set 2fytc o

o
a tug
36 12g C
c o

o
ETE
16 4 8g 4ft c o

8g 4ft c 20 7 0

Eg
of Circle
214282 12 0
cutsoff
I find equation of circle which passesthroughorigin
intercepts of 3 units
the
4 units from positive partof se

Y axis respectively
let circle be
F
2g set 2fytc
2 o
toil
sexy
o c o

1310 9 6g 0

1010 13,07 G 312

O
0,4 16 t Sf
2
f
0
Eg ofCircle 22 42 32 44

I find equation of Circle which lies in

the first quadrant
axes at distance runts
touching each coordinate
a

from origin
 2
G 2 y 232 22
342 t 4 0
2,21 Sty Yy
2i

12,01

É Oneof the diameters of Circle7 Circumscribing

A B
the
the points
rectangle ABCD is 4g if a are

f 3,4 15 4 respectively find area ofrectangle

The x coordinatesof the diametric ends of a circle

all the roots the equation 22 2 5 0
givenby of
the y coordinatesof the ends are given by the
0 then the
of the equation set 22
roots 5

Centre circle is
radius of the
Equation of Circle
5 0
21 x 5 42 24
22 424 set ay 10 0

Centre e l
 radius
Is
t Position writ Circle
of point
a

Cases Point outside the circle

Cp y pointoutside the circle

P Maxm distance CP tr
g Minh n CP 8

Case I Point on the Circle

Pt point lies on the circle

Maximdistance 22
op
q Minndistance 0

Case Paint insidethe circle

C Per point inside the circle
Maximdistance Pty
q Minn distance F CP

let PM y equation Circle S

of Hykegatatyteo
then P lies outside on the circle inside the circle
S so S 0 S co respectively
according as
 Position Circle
of Line
S key 42g at aby t c o

L mate
y
Cases Line neither intersects nor touches the Circle

ICP r
C

y
Case Line touches the Circle

C
ICP r

p
to a circle i.e
Note for a line to be tangent
radiusof
Condition distanceof centre to line
ofTangency circle

for standard equation of Circle L mate

S 22 42 92
L y mate FojEp
gradius
KEY
CE al it my

Walternate Solving y mate atty Zaz

 24m34 c 2m c x A2
I m2 set 2 me set 02 92
0

D 4m22 4 I m2 Zay
4 my car mya may
D 4 farci my c

a'litm2 C2 Line intersects circle at

if D 0 ie a
two points

Dao ie a litm2 Cco Line neither intersects

if nor touches the circle

a it m2 do Line touches the circle

if D o i.e

Gi for ye mate to be tangent to

2
my Eas
e 92 I my
Equation will be Y ma arms
ofTangent
Pointof contact
91 E
Idle for any 2nddegree Conic Tofind whether the
line ye mate intersecs touches neither intersect
nor touches we can use the above method

Case Line intersects Circle at two points line becomes

secant

ICP e r
C

I L
Tangent from a point to the Circle
Cases Point lying inside the Circle

Notangent possible
C

Case II Paint lying on the Circle

for standard equation of Circle

S Katy Zaz
the circle
P 14 y lying on

Cj Mep m
y
PLAY
Equation
ofTangent Y Y 3 foe se
I Yy y 22442,2
oneunique
tangent
see tyg atty
Paintlies on the Circle 424 tyg A2
2,2 9,2 92

circle 24g Eat

Equation
of Tangent to
at G Y is givenby
sea tyg 92

Note
for any Second degree Conic equationoftangent
at Play Y P lies on the conic can be found
by replacing
x2 see
2
y YY
any ay x y
 2x sets

2g yay
for General equation ofcircle ay2 2gxt2fytcbe o
Tangent at thepointPfe Y lying on circle will givenby

sea Yy gtsetse flyty tc o

In parametricform
8 2442 92
Point placoso a sing

donationof Tangent
secosotysino a

Plo

Case Roint lying outside the Circle

for standard equationofCircle
I S Tty Zaz
t.io Point Cen Y
g
Lil TofindequationofTangent
p y y m Ge se

Now centre to o to this tangent

distance radius

1 a

Cma y J a2 may
Solvingthis we will get
two
valueof M means twotangent
 equation

Lengthfangent
PA Op OAZ

PA Effyfat
Lengthoftangent PA PB Type
forthe Generalequationof Circle
lengthoftangent Jury42gqt2fy
LengthofTangent Tsi

Contact
All s for standard 2equationofCircle
Ya Ray 92

AB chord of Contact
g joop B
Gi Yi Equation at A
oftangent
Bye
yn tyg at
sex
x tyg s a2
58thsatisfies Ppl Yi
H se ty y a2
se se Ty y az
AB line is satisfiedbyboth ARB

sepety 8
Iggy pig
satisfiesit
Eq ofAB sea tyg a2
 Equation
ofchordof contactfromany point ppl Yd lying
outside the circle is given by 7 0

validfor 2nddegree concie

any
lengthoftangent Js
w lengthofchordofContact
JEFF where
R radiusof Circle
Areaof a DAB ftp.z
Circle Circumscribing Points P
A B
Equation
of
circle with P O as diametric end
equation of

PA JJ L

10
É OA
since
R

g c o AE
until AC L Sino
pg
Cosa Af

are PAB ExPAPB Sin20 AC R ago

Ag n
ILL 2 Sinocosa E
L
AE
CAO
EYE
L IIe Enz ACETER
Equation of Pair
of Tangents

i
g j la
Cn Ti
BI
 B3

drawn from an external

Equation of pair ofTangents
point Plan Y to the circle is given by
42 S S
te
Where Te sea tyg g seta tf lyty
C
292 by te
2
SE 22 42
S Setty f 2g a 2fy

Rower ofpoint
B Product algebraicdistancefrom
of
an external point to circle is constant
when from the point line is drawn
By to intersect the circle at two
6 A points
I I i e PA PB PA2 PB PAzPB E S
g
Hi Lil
c
General Eg
of Circle 2
y't2gatzfy o

L
gg Into r
trsino
Any point on the line nitroso y
Tofind P O I A B
trios 01 2 fly trsing t c o
rosy Cy trsino 42g be
trinket 22g sing 2g at 2grose
4,2 8293 284,690 y
2fy zfrsing t c o

821 2x cos0 ay since 2gcos04258ind rt Ry42gat2fy

C OF
 8 82 912 4,2 292 2fy C
L

EE P S 444292
drawn
a
Anglebetween pair of tangents
from an external point is a Then
Locus P is a circle givenby
4 BE A101
of
2
qq.FI sty fine
Ota A

Tangent at a secosotysino a forGeneralEg

Tangent at B acosotysino a sing of
Point
OP
radius
Fg
for
the locus.ie
wtf giff
circle

III 9
1
Lousy p 2
1 y asinine
sine a2
sing
W
yEgÉz
Director Circle
which anglebetween the
Locus
of a pointfrom
pairs oftangents drawn to given circle is E
 for the standard equation of circle say Zaz
director Circle is given atty 28
equation
of by

Chord bisected at pointPenny

Equation of
S 22 42 92
Mop

g MAB 2g
A PM H B
Eg ofAB Y Y Fy 2 4

YY y see 242
2
22 tyg Jetty
xity.LI
IYIE is givenby
Equation
of Chord bisected at point play
T S

Normal to Circle

S 22 42 92
o in

if
Ey Ee

s 22 44 2gatatyte o

cts H Egyep Y Y
Itta se se

g
ppl Ji
 Cases Two Circle let Si 224842g xt2fy Cfo
of Sz 24 y242gal fry 22 0
Coset Circles neither intersecting nortouching each other

I g
B r
f
1 p CallsLD s
Ba di
p y

C C2 8 82

No Common Tangents possible 4

of p'd
Two directtangents Pd
Two transversetangents AB AB

R divides the join of c Ig in the ratioof 8 3 internally

RL YET
Similarly S dividesthe join of G G in the ratio of n a externally

sp
transversetangents
Tofind equationof direct tangents
x se
Generalequation
use the concept Y yy m
of line passing
through MyY 3
distance of this line from
Centre of circle radius
you will get two valuesof m
or you can use equationof pair oftangents from externalpoint
to circle i e TE SS

Length of the direct Tangent

C
É d
s

P
PD 8 82
DO G G
PQ Tpp
Term
Lengthof Direct Tangent JCC GE r rot

Length of transverse Tangent

D

9 of I s

DC a AB
In a C C z D
Z
C I GD Dey
CG I try LABY
ABE 312,4242
 Length
of transverseTangent Jacket
Length of direct tangent length oftransverse Tangent

Case II When Circles touches Externally

n

s
R Ez
d
pi

C G 8 t ra
No possible commontangents 3
of
I est
Tofind equation of direct common tangent
you can
use previous method

To
findequationof common tangent'T S 52 0

Case When Circles intersect each other

d
A

2 g
B
 18 821 C GL Jutra
common
2 both are direct commontangents
No of possible n Tangents

s
3,451 EET
the
Tofind equation of direct tangent you can use

previous method discussed

Common Chord AB S 52 0
Equation of
Case II Circles touches internally

og on
q

C G 18 21
No L
of possible commontangents

Equation common Tangent T S 82 0

of
Point
of contact a
3 7,5451
Case I one circle lies inside the other
 I g

C G L Ir rat
No common tangent 0
of possible
between the Circles
Angle
Angle between the Curves

Anglebetween two curves is the angle between the

at the pointof intersection
tangents
C
for cure a

09 finddog
p
m

for curve G
find Ige M2
p
Acute angle Canoe MIAMI

Anglebetween two Circles

0 90 90 0 360

Lt
Oto t

g d
 In a G PG

TEIFI
cos o

costa o
KEEF
Acute
angle coso
311
93
Circles intersect at go
if circles are called orthogonal
8,2 822 42
or
tgkt2gietzfiyta o
tf G gaffe g gg cf
fs
82 ay 2g at 282g g
C Cz 29,92 Zf fz

2 fifa
2g 92 its

with respect to line

Imageof Circle

L artby c o

Tofind image circle just findimageof centre writ line

of
radius remains same hence equation
 of Circle can be written

TEfamily of Circles

S 0 52 0
the pointof
Equation
offamily of circles passingthrough
intersection of two circles is given by
S A Sz E 0

or S X S S2 D

B
50
L o

Equation offamilyof circles passing through the

line Circle is givenby
pointof intersection of of
St 2 0

Enation offamilyofcircles for the

given case
S 12 0

g this line L will betangentto

g each member the family
of
 Equation offamily
A Mi Li
equations

II
a
gray
with AB as lineAB

Baz y

Ise a se a 14 Lily 42J XY Eggteago

Radical Axis Radical Centre

Radical Axis
Locus of a point which moves plane such that
in a
the length from this point to the given two
oftangent is called Radical axis
circles are equal

Plain

52 0
S so
RadicalAxis

juwffg.FI g TEgzht2tzktt
21g ga h 2 fi ta k tf G so

Locusis 2191 92 x Elf fay t G 9 0

Which a straight line

 Let s 0 82 0 be two two Circles then
radical Axis S 52 0

A Radical Axis Common chord are identical

I g
t a
sq

Raffish Radical
Raffel Axis
alsothe common Also thecommon
tangent chord

concentric then radical axis will not

if two circles are
exist

Radical axis is perpendicular to line joiningthe

centres
of
the Circle

A Radical axis bisects the common tangent

P
I

Radical axis
Circle orthogonally
two circles intersects the third
if third circle
then radical axis passes through the centre of

Radical Centre
circles
Let S 0 52 0 53 0 be equation of three
then point of intersection of the radical
axes
of the
Circles taken two at a time is called radical centre
 52 0

Emms RadicalCentre

53 0

three Circles Seo 52 0

Tofind Radical centre for given
Sz 0

8 52 0
solve two to
Sz 53 0 any
radical centre
0 get
Sz S

A
sides
of triangle ABC taking
A BC
B AC has diameter then

oftriangle
B C

So let s so 52 0 Sz o be
g g so
three circles 8 0 be a

circlewhich intersectsthese
three circles orthogonally
then
 of 8
centre 0 is radical centre
radiusof5 0 is lengthoftangent
g to
from this centre any
circle
of the
are collinear
three circles are concentric or their centre
if
then radical centre doesnot exist

Pole Polan
B
from a point P lying inside on
or outside the circle infinite
chord can be drawn Let AB
Chik be such chord tangents
are drawn at AIB to meet

sky I a at P Then

1124Y
P'is called palate
chord P is called the poleofpolar
nothing ar
G itpassesthrough P141,81
ha they 92
locus p will be
of
22 tyg A2
X Coaxial System Circles
of
family of Circles havingthe same radical axis is
called coaxial systemof Circles
8 0 be two intersecting
circles then coaxial system
circle is
of
g given sit
by152 0
so
y
 7
Radicalaxis

Coaxial system Circles passingthrough the intersection

of Stato
a line
of circle so Lo is given
by
Limiting point
radius coaxial
point circle i.e Circle with 0
for the
is called Limiting point
systemof Circles

VENUE
let 52 0 bisects the Circumference
A
0
of S
then AB is the diameter of the
Circle S D
8 0
B

52 0

A Equationof Circumcircle of atriangle

0 whose sides are givenby 4 0 22 0
4 so
13 0 can be written as

B 12 0
C 4224 A LzLz tf 234 0
he where A M can be
foundbyapplying
the conditions

coff of 2 coff ofy

o
coeff of sey

Equation
of Circle passingthrough
the points A B C D concyclic
 y
A can be written as
4 0 L L z t d Le Ly 0

go D
To find a apply the condition
É for conic to be circle
B 4 O
C x

32 É P 18

B
1
2 3 at H3 4 8 0

24g 242 10 y 19 0

9 of AB N Lt Y8 3 at 1 2 14 8 11 0
Ht 8y 3N 3 2 y 16 11 0
2K 6 30 0
y
K 15 0
3g

w
 to Jottings
Yi H Htt
h
24 4

52

Gets 4 42 25

27
9,13

L Y Matt
Ait
g
EE Ey
My 1
MCA

me

3m21 5Mt 18 0
M 5m 6 0
M 2,3
I

4,4 51
0,0 Plhk

sky g B
4N54 20

Equation x
of AB writ
447J
4 9
x.se y 51 0

5 1 K 424 20
y 45 0
Gpassesthrough Chik
se h 421 20 k 45 0

Equation
of AB wait Centre10,01
Mcp
MAB 4
Y k yh se hi
Yk k hath
ha they 1h44 o

ego are identical

1
4 20

a
 49h 20h ska
a KEI
4,14h 5k 20h
Ijgh 2014443
36h 45k
Mitsu 2012442
364444554 0

S 22 42 22 15 0
2g til 28.10 C 15
C 15
2g
Sz stg't O
0 1
2g.jo 1224.107
S K y2 2gnt2fytc o

passesthrough 1011
g
0 1 to t
2ft c o

142ft c o

8 22 42 142 2941 0

1 Centre C 7,1
trading 5491 7 7

at
Infirataned
3417,2in
F1 9 7 K2
x k 4
 133 14 4,2 42
Tty 16N 184 9 0

d let P case since

E
Eg
ofPee secosetysino I
old Into
g
all tank
fi OR 0 811,0
Eqtogde y tan
OE Hsind ycoso

Efth tanf
k
he t
test k tank
2h I K2
ii locusof E is y 1 2k
 S Sexy 4 0

g my
PAID

0101 920
ji a

I
Equation CommonTangents
of S 52 0

Gu 12 0

ofDirectCommonTangents
Equation

A 12
A 6,0
Equation through 6,0 will be
Y o MR G
Mx y Gm O
G distancefrom 10,0 is 2
 I
9m my
8m21 I M I

of direct tangents are

Equation
y I 2 6

13 Equation
of PT Batty 4 0

Equationof L se A 0
By
distancefrom 3,0 ist

31
13,75 1

11 31 2

D 1 5

X 534 7 0
5 0
E or X Ty

w
 p

Duty 6 0

Er F
34 4
631 6 0

My f Bhtk 6 CO

pj8

g E E
th th 61 1 of CD
2
C K Ge h
Thth g
Joy J3k se h
Bhtk 4 G passes through D
353 53k 353 h
h Bk

KE's
Centre C Bil
Equation
ofCircle 532 14 13 1
fore fore

F ffg.ei2n3 ftp.eit
Ze Ze ETI 2 5321
Le Ze 52 12 2 152

Ze 3 1
253 2
4
z lati L