 IMPORTANT NOTES :-

 If the radius of the given circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 be r and it touches

both the axes, then | g |  | f |  c  r .
 Length of an external common tangent and internal common tangent to two circles is
 A variable point moves in such a way that sqhuare of distances from the given by
vertices of a triangle remains constant then its locus is a circle whose centre is Length of external common tangent
the centroid of the triangle.
Lex  d 2  (r1  r2 )2
 The reason why there are two equations y  mx  a 1  m 2 of tangents is
and length of internal common
that there are two tangents, both are parallel and at the ends of a diameter.
 The line ax  by  c  0 is a tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  r 2 if and only if tangent Lin  d 2  (r1  r2 )2
c 2  r 2 (a 2  b 2 ). [Applicable only when d  (r1  r2 ) ]
 The condition that the line lx  my  n  0 touches the circle where d is the distance between the centres of two circles i.e., | C1 C 2 |  d and r1 and
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is r2 are the radii of two circles.
 If the line y  mx  c is a normal to the circle with radius r and centre at (a, b) , then
(lg  mf  n) 2  (l 2  m 2 )(g 2  f 2  c).
b  ma  c .
 Equation of tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 in terms of slope is  If  is the angle subtended at P (x1 , y1 ) by the circle S  x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0, then
y  mx  mg  f  (g 2  f 2  c) (1  m 2 ) .  S1
 The length of the tangent drawn from any point on the circle cot  .
2 g  f2 c
2
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c1  0 to the circle
 The length of the common chord of the circles x 2  y 2  ax  by  c  0 and
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is c  c1 .
1
 If two tangents drawn from the origin to the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 x 2  y 2  bx  ay  c  0 is (a  b)2  4 c .
2
are perpendicular to each other, then g 2  f 2  2c. x y
 The length of the chord intercept by the circle x 2  y 2  r 2 on the line   1 is
 If the tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  r 2 at the point (a, b) meets the coordinate a b
axes at the points A and B and O is the origin, then the area of the triangle OAB is  r 2 (a 2  b 2 )  a 2b 2 
r4 2   .

.  a2  b 2 
2 ab
 The angle between the tangents from (,  ) to the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is  The length of the common chord of the circles (x  a)2  y 2  a2 and x 2  (y  b)2  b 2 is
2 ab
  .
2 tan 1  
a
. a2  b 2
  2   2  a 2   The distance between the chord of contact of the tangents to the circle
 
 If OA and OB are the tangents from the origin to the circle 1 g2  f 2  c
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 from the origin and the point (g, f ) is .
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 and C is the centre of the circle, then the area of the 2 g2  f 2

quadrilateral OACB is c (g 2  f 2  c).  Length of chord of contact is AB 

2 LR
and area of the triangle formed by the
 If the circle x  y  2 gx  c  0 and x  y  2 fy  c  0 touch each
2 2 2 2 2 2 (R 2  L2 )
pair of tangents A S=0
1 1 1 R
other, then 2  2  2 . RL 3
O
g f c and its chord of contact is . L
R L 22 R
 If the line lx  my  n  0 is a tangent to the circle (x  h)2  (y  k )2  a2 , then
Where R is the radius of the circle and L B
(hl  km  n)2  a 2 (l 2  m 2 ) . L is the length of tangent from P (x 1 , y1 ) on S=0. Here L  S 1 .
 If O is the origin and OP, OQ are tangents to
the circle
 Locus of mid point of a chord of a circle x 2  y 2  a 2 , which subtends an angle  at
 g  f 
x  y  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , then the circum-centre of the triangle OPQ is 
2 2
, .
 2 2  the centre is x 2  y 2  (a cos  / 2) 2 .
 The locus of mid point of chords of circle x 2  y 2  a 2 , which are making right angle
at centre is x 2  y 2  a 2 / 2 .
 The locus of mid point of chords of circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , which are
c
making right angle at origin is x 2  y 2  gx  fy   0 .
2
 If the points where the lines a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 meet the
coordinate axes are con-cyclic then a1 a2  b1 b 2 .
 If the equations of the circles whose radii are r and R be respectively S  0 and S '  0 ,
S S'
then the equation of orthogonal circle is  0.
r R