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VIEWS OF OZAMIZ CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL TEACHERS ON THE PROPOSED MANDATORY RESERVE
OFFICER TRAINING CORPS

A Research Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of the Institute of Criminal Justice Education
Gov. Alfonso D. Tan College
Maloro, Tangub City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements of the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Alexis Manabay
Jonh Christian Deo Coronado

March 2023
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study

ROTC or the Reserve Officer Training Corps is design to provide military

training to secondary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize

them for national defense preparedness. Also, ROTC wants to have a well ready reservist

army that are willing to defend our country in case it is needed. They can also be one of

the officers when they take the advance ROTC training in Philippine Army.

The Republic Act no. 7077 or the Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act

was enacted to train and developed college student to be ready in national defense of the

country. It promotes patriotism, nationalism and leadership to protect the nation against

illegal invaders. AFP Reservist Act of 1991 is AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE

ORGANIZATION, ADMINISTRATION, TRAINING, MAINTENANCE, AND

UTILIZATION OF THE CITIZEN ARMED FORCE OF THE ARMED. FORCES OF

THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

According to Philippine News Agency (2022), the Department of National

Defense (DND) also expressed support for the measure. “We in the DND support the

mandatory military service of 18-year-old Filipinos. There are several advantages: First,

the military will have a ready and steady trained pool of reservists to defend the country

and do HADR (humanitarian assistance and disaster relief) work; second, the training

and discipline that they will acquire will make them better citizens; third, service to the

country will be inculcated in them,” Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said in a

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statement. On the first state of the nation address of president Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’

Marcos Jr. one of the priority agenda is the revival of the mandatory Reserve Officers’

Training Course (ROTC). Moreover, Vice president Sarah Duterte indeed presented her

true militarist nature to the voting public when she offered he proposal that the youth

undergo mandatory military service if ever she gets elected.

Instead of strongly pushing for the revival of the mandatory Reserve Officer

Training Corps (ROTC), Vice President and concurrent Department of Education

(DepEd) Secretary Sara Duterte was urged to stop her “obsession” and focus on efforts to

address the education crisis in the country. (DepEd / MB Visual Content Group) The

Congress of Teachers/Educators for Nationalism and Democracy (CONTEND), in a

statement issued Sunday, Oct. 2, condemned Duterte’s “obsession” with mandatory

ROTC. The group, composed of progressive University of the Philippines (UP) faculty

and academic employees, said that the revival of mandatory ROTC “only transforms

schools from safe spaces for learning into fascist military garrisons that threaten critical

thinking and academic freedom.”Duterte has been pushing for the revival of mandatory

ROTC.Initially, talks on the mandatory revival of ROTC covered learners in basic

education --- particularly those in the Senior High School (SHS) or Grades 11 and 12

students Hernando-Malipot (2022)

With the prevailing statements from the top leaders of the country, the researcher

is opted to conduct a study to explore the different views and perceptions of high school

teachers of Ozamiz City National High School on the proposed mandatory reserve

officer training corps among senior high school students. In the initial gathered data of

the researchers some of the teachers disaggre with the said topic and some agree. That’s
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why it is important to know the views and perceptions of Senior high school teachers in

order for them to address their concerns and thoughts about the upcoming mandatory

ROTC for senior high school students to have harmony in both parties, the ROTC

personnel and the teachers.

Conceptual Framework

In the 1987 constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Article II Section XIII

the state shall recognize the important role of youth in the development of the country

and must promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social

welfare.

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 (R.A. 9163) was

enacted in response to public clamor for reforms in the Reserved Officers Training Corps

(ROTC) Program. This act affirms that the prime duty of the government shall be to

serve and protect its citizens. The NSTP Act of 2001 was signed into law on Jan. 23,

2002 by former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. According to the NSTP Act, this is

a “program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the

youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any

of its three program components. Its various components are specially designed to

enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare.” NSTP amends the

Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act of 1991 or RA

7077, and National Service Law or Presidential Decree (PD) 1706, signed on Aug. 8,

1980.
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DepEd spokesperson Michael Tan Poa said that DepEd underlined the need to

first meet with Congress to examine the issue before fully supporting efforts to reinstate

the Reserve Officer Training Corps program as a requirement for senior high school

students.“I discussed it with the Vice President and DepEd is in full support of that

measure because it adheres to our core values of being makabansa,” Hachero (2022). A

developing country like the Philippines must balance its need for peace and security with

the needs of the population for subsistence, education for their children, and safety from

health risks. So that it can maintain a standing army of such size that its resources can

afford. It has therefore devised a system where it can expand its armed forces as needed

in an invasion or attack by a foreign power by mobilizing reservists that have been

trained beforehand in working as a team and who are then further trained to fight as a

team Yambao (2022). The need to do so came after a series of threats from terrorist

groups showing interest in Philippine territory – the same group behind the senseless

attack in Marawi City in Mindanao Cudis (2019).

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to explore the different views of Senior High School

Teachers of Ozamis City National High School on the proposed mandatory ROTC

program for the S.Y 2022-2023.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the views of the teachers on the ROTC program?

2. How do teachers respond on the proposed mandatory ROTC for all Senior High

School students?

Significance of the Study

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This study shall deem to be beneficial to the following;

Students. This study will help the student to enlighten their understanding about

ROTC. It well add and raise awareness for the senior high school students

that can lead them to be prepared on the implementation of the mandatory

ROTC program.

Teachers. This study will help the ROTC faculty to help them improve their

program. This study would give the teachers chance to voice out their

insights and views on ROTC program.

Community. It will help them widen their understanding in the program. It also

give them the opportunity to be educated in this program.

Future Researchers. This will likewise benefited them for their future

references. It will provide them and attribute knowledge and learnings

about the mandatory ROTC.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will focus on the perception of secondary teachers on proposed

mandatory ROTC. The participants are the high school teachers in Ozamis City High

School. The proponent shall select teachers from the said institution during the academic

year 2022-2023.

Research Methodology

This section covers the methods of the study. It outlines the research design,

research setting, participants, research instruments, data gathering procedure and data

analysis.
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Research Design. The researcher will utilize a descriptive-qualitative research

design in this study. Qualitative descriptive research generates data that

describe the ‘who, what, and where of the events or experience from a

subjective perspective.

Research Respondents. The respondents of this study will be the secondary

school teachers of Ozamis City High School.

Research Setting. This research study will be conducted at Ozamis City National

High School. The school is located at Bernad Street Lan-an Ozamis City.

There are five (5) buildings with sixty (60) rooms equipped with learning

materials. There is also a computer laboratory, science laboratory and there

is a (EIM) Electric Insulation and Maintenance laboratory.

Research Instrument. A researcher-made interview guide questionnaire will be

the instrument to be used in gathering valuable information from the

teacher with regards to their views and perceptions of proposed mandatory

ROTC.

Instrument Validity. The researcher-made interview guide questionnaire will be

subjected to validation from the experts. The questionnaire will be

submitted to panel members, adviser, and instructor for review and

approval.

Data Gathering Procedure. The researcher will seek permission from the school

principal the conduct the study. Once the permission will be granted, the

researcher will also seek permission from the teachers with regard to the

search endeavor. Once permitted, the researcher will conduct an interview

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with the participants on their views and perceptions on the proposed

mandatory ROTC. After the conduct of the interview, the data gathered will

be coded verbatim, identify themes, and make implications and

generalizations of the study.

Data Analysis. The collected data information will be coded verbatim, tabulated,

and analyzed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis is a process of

identifying patterns or themes within qualitative data as stated by Braun &

Clarke (2006).

Ethical Considerations

The researcher follows Bryman and Bell’s (2007) ten ethical principles. The

respondents will not be harmed in any way. The dignity of the participants was a top

priority. Prior to the study, participants will be giving their explicit consent. The privacy

of research participants was protected, and a sufficient level of confidentiality of the

research data, as well as the anonymity of participating individuals, was secured.

Furthermore, deceit and exaggeration of the study’s goals and objectives was avoided.

Affiliation in whatever form, financial resources, and any conflicts of interest was

declared. Lastly, all research-related communications will be conducted with honesty

and transparency, and any misleading information will be avoided.

Trustworthy of the Study.

Maximum dependability will be used in conducting this study. The researchers

will consult their editor, adviser, and instructor regarding the information collected from

the respondents in order to assess the validity of the interpretation.

Definition of Terms
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For the purpose of clarification of this study, the following terms are defined

theoretically.

Corps. The main subdivision of an armed force in the field consists of two or

more divisions.

National Defense. This includes the needs of, and the planning and preparedness

to meet, essential defense, industrial, and military emergency energy

requirements relative to the national safety, welfare, and economy,

particularly resulting from foreign military or economic actions.

Officer. Refer to a person holding a position of command or authority in the

armed service, in the merchant marine, or on a passenger ship.

Patriotism Refers to the quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous

support for one’s country.

ROTC. Is a military organization that trains people to become officers in the

armed forces, so that they are ready to join a military operation if they are

needed. ROTC is an abbreviation for ‘Reserve Officers Training Corps.

Training. Is the action of teaching a person or animal a particular skill or type of

behavior.
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Interview Guide Questionnaire

VIEWS OF OZAMIZ CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL TEACHERS ON THE PROPOSED MANDATORY RESERVE
OFFICER TRAINING CORPS

I. Greetings

II. The researcher will introduce themselves.

III. Discuss the purpose of the study.

IV. Introductory Question.

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1. Are you aware that there was already a move in Congress for the mandatory

implementation of ROTC for all senior high students?

V. Key Question

1. What is your understanding of the ROTC program?

2. What is your comment/s on the proposed mandatory ROTC for all senior high

school students?

VI. Probing Question

1. What do you think would happen if this program will be approved and

implemented?

VII. Ending Remarks

1. Ask if he/she would like to have a copy of the results.

2. Thanks, the participant.

REFERENCES

Cudis, C. (2019). Why Mandatory ROTC is needed again

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1061593.

Gita-Carlos, R. A. (2019) Duterte renews push for mandatory ROTC

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089271.

Hachero, A. (2022) DepEd supports the return of mandatory ROTC but…

https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/deped-supports-return-of-mandatory-rotc-but/?
amp.
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Hernando-Malipot M. (2022) Focus on education crisis and stop ‘obsessing’ over revival
of mandatory ROTC, DepEd told https://mb.com.ph/2022/10/2/focus-on-
education-crisis-and-stop-obsessing-over-revival-of-mandatory-rotc-deped-told

Magsambol, B. (2022). Sara Duterte’s push for mandatory military service shows ‘true
militarist nature’ – groups https://www.rappler.com/nation/groups-reactions-sara-
duterte-proposal-mandatory-military-service-filipino-youth/.

Nepomuceno, P. (2022). PH Army supports PBBM’s call for mandatory ROTC

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179805

Yambao, J. (2022). Why revive the mandatory ROTC

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/30/opinion/
columns/why-revive-the-mandatory-rotc/1852718/amp