Premier University

Department of Business Administration

Assignment
Course Title : Entrepreneurship
Submitted To : Julia Parvin
Submitted By :

Name : Adnan Ivna Kashem

ID : 1903910109890
Name : Md Faisal bin Fayez
ID : 1903910109873
Name : Tanjina Akter
ID : 1903910109851
Name : Mohammad Faysal
ID : 1903910109887
Name : Zahedul Hoque Simon
ID : 1903910109852
 Executive Summary

There are 5 important key elements in our business plan those are shortly summarized here :

1.Land : For starting our farm we need to maintain the cultivated areas or land for growing
fodder crops for the purpose of farming.

2.Shed : We need a well-covered area constructed in the farmland before inviting the cows into
our farm.
3.Labour : Labour is the soul of the dairy farming business plan. In the dairy farming business,
the chosen labour must hold expertise in handling the activities related to the farm .
4. Selection & Vaccination of Breed : To generate more milk, there must be decent cow breed
selection.
5.Water and Fodder: Both of these components must be available in desirable quantities; as
water promotes the growth of green fodder & fodder further plays a significant role in the proper
nourishment for our farm.
 Introduction
The economy of Bangladesh is based primarily on agriculture and livestock is an essential
component of rural economy . Dairy sector is one of the prospective sectors of agriculture in
Bangladesh . Dairying is considered a major source of nutrition and income and offers good
opportunities for both farm families and non - farm rural and urban employment.

Essential informations/motos for starting our business

 Eight Things We Need to Know Before Starting our Own Dairy Farm:
 Develop a Business Plan
 Consult the Experts
 Create a Cropping and Feeding Program
 Create a Waste Management Plan
 Build OUR Equity Over Time
 Dairy Farming is a Biological System
 One Size Does Not Fit All We Are The Manager
 Market Reasearch
Bangladesh has a deficit of 9.42 million tons of milk a year while producing about 15% of the
total requirement [Ahmed 2000]. But the demand for milk is much lower than the estimated
amount (11.04 millions tons) as the majority of people do not have adequate buying ability.
According to FAO review in 2002 Bangladesh has to import 250,000 tons equivalent milk
annually to satisfy its national demand. Around 90% of the total milk comes from cows and the
remaining 10% from buffalo and goats [Saadullah 2002]. In north and northwest Bangladesh
almost 50% households rear cattle, with an average of 2.75 cattle per household [BBS 1996].
The field survey identified that, small dairy rearing group households use their milk primarily to
meet their own consumption needs. A part of their surplus milk goes directly to other
neighborhoods. There are also local milk processors who actually are the sweetmeat producers,
who collect milk door-to-door from the farmers’ houses and also from the local markets. They
prepare sweetmeats, ghee and milk products and sell those products in the local market.
Sometimes the small-scale producers bring their milk to the market place on a regular basis if
they can not make any regular arrangements to sell it from their own house. Small dairy
households producing more than their household needs (1 liter/day or more as per need of the
household) sell part of their milk in the local market. The phenomenon of producing 1 liter/day
or little above is very common as most of the household usually have one local variety of
milking cow. There is a group of people called Paikars who do regular business (buying and
selling of milk) in larger quantity. They usually have regular contact with all the commercial
dairy farms producing larger quantities of milk for market sale and also with the market
intermediaries (sweetmeat producers and chilling centers), who buy milk in larger quantity on a
regular basis. The paikers sometimes collect milk from the local market if their daily supply
exceeds their total demand. The paikers also supply their collected milk to different social
gatherings e.g. parties, which later are used for preparation of some dessert items. The chilling
centers of Milkvita, Brac, Rangpur Dairy, Pran have also established their own network by
organizing cooperative dairy farms or groups to collect their required volume. Different studies
shows that in the country there are already 9 milk processing manufacturers/plants involved in
collecting, processing and marketing of fresh milk from dairy farms to the urban markets.
The study found that average daily milk production of small, medium, and large dairy farms
were 5.45, 32.50, and 59.83 liter, respectively. Average monthly revenue and cost of milk
production were US$ 79 and US$ 21 per cow, resulting in the average net return of US$ 58 per
cow per month.

So It will be a perfect business for any entrepreneurs.

 Venture and planning
The following aspects need to be considered before starting our venture:

I. Selection of Good Breed: The breed should be able to give a high yield of milk. It
should be resistant to various diseases.
II. Construction of cattle shed: Cattle shed should be properly ventilated and should get
plenty of natural light. The slope of the floor should allow for quick drainage
of water.
III. Availability of fodder: Fodder should contain bulk as well as necessary nutrients.
IV. Availability of veterinary doctor: A veterinary doctor should be available nearby so
that proper medical care for cattle can be ensured in times of need.

Business Plan
• #1 - At first we will get some professional training from Agriculture Universities or Training
centers of the Animal Husbandry Department or Krishi Vigyan Kendras or any private training
dairy consultancie
• #2 – We Will Visit local dairy farms and talk to the management so we can get an more idea of
managing the farm. Question them about "problems" and ask how they are overcoming them.

• #3 – Reading dairy magazines, online dairy blogs, and YouTube videos get more idea of
farming.

• #4 – We will collect capital investment and get a subsidy and loan for the dairy farm from
banks.
• #5 - As feed or fodder is the main component of dairy farming that directly impacts the profits;
We must have good knowledge of green fodder cultivation practices and silage-making
procedures. We will study the feed and fodder market in our region to find out the feasible and
economical fodder solution.

• #6 - Initially, we will visit some cattle markets to observe animals on sale and talk with persons
engaged with purchasing animals to get an idea of the best breed, animal prices, and milk yield
of animals.

• #7 – Having a good labour management .

Setting up of our business plan:-

There are some components of dairy farming are needed for setting up our dairy farm.

Shed Construction:- Well ventilated and the spacious shed is required for dairy farming.
Hygienic conditions are very important in the shed for cattle health. When it comes to space, it is
recommended to have 8 feet x 12 feet area for 1 cow. So total space required for 15 cows is
about 120 feet x 12 feet. However, this area is not fixed and
depends on cow size. Cow feeders should be constructed in between
with a separation wall so that the cows can be fed from both sides facing head to head each
other; this is what is called a "Head to Head arrangement".
Care should be taken while constructing the dairy shed. The selected location should be elevated
to prevent any water stagnation around the shed and it also provides well ventilation (sunlight
and air). The dairy shed roof should be made with asbestos sheets and the floor should be made
of either bricks or cement with enough inclination. This can provide good drainage for cattle
urine and excrete. The shed should be cleaned daily to maintain hygienic conditions. Collect the
manure on daily basis and store it somewhere outside of the shed. You can also make an outlet to
the shed so that whenever the shed is cleaned the cow urine any leftover manure can flow into
the field. All electrical fittings and water supply requirements should be fully filled as per need
in hot areas, it
need may need to have fans and coolers for cows, especially in summer.

Fodder Management :-
Fodder management is very important in dairy farming. The daily milk yield of a cow depends
on the type of fodder and the nutritional facts of the given fodder. High-yielding cows should be
given 1 kg of concentrate along with mineral mixture to get 2.5 liters of milk yield. For example,
if a cow yields 15 liters of milk daily then these cows should be given 6 kg of concentrate with a
mineral mixture.

• Dry fodder : Wheat hay, kutti (rice/pady/straw), chokar(wheat bran).

• Green fodder: Any leguminous crops which are good in protein supplements. For example
Any gram crop, barseem, maize/corn, masoor, and hybrid grass-like CO-3 and CO-4, niper grass
etc.. These green fodder crops can be utilized to make silage. This silage is very nutritious and
milk yield will be increased. Silage making is very important and especially it is needed in dry
periods. The link will be given at the bottom of the article about "steps in involved in silage
making or how to make silage for cattle". Generally, 2 to 3 acres of fertile land enough to grow
green fodders for 15 cows. However, the yield of green fodder depends on many factors.

• Concentrate and Mineral Mixture: Mineral mixture:- It is necessary to provide

concentrate feed along with a mineral mixer on regular basis to prevent cows from mineral
deficiency. All three types such as dry green and mineral mixture should be accurate proportions
for best milk yield.
Note: The cost of feed may depend on the animal milk capacity. On average, the feed may cost
|about 300 to 450 bdt per day .

•Water Supply:- Clean water supply is required for drinking and cleaning purposes of the
shed. Arrangements can be done by providing overhead tanks on the shed.

•Selection of Dairy Breeds:- Successful dairy farming requires a good breed selection of
cows. Selecting the dairy cow/cattle breed that is suitable for our climatic conditions and high
milking capacity.We will visit our local farms and can observe the different breed types that are
suitable. A crossbreed of HF cows (Holstein Frisian) with Indian Sahiwal. Or Jersey with
Sahiwal or Jersey with Red Sindhi is preferable for the good milk yield. It is preferred to select
the breed which produces milk of 20 to 25 liters/day. Artificial insemination plays a major role to
cross with high
yielding breeds.
 VACCINATION SCHEDULES FOR DAIRY

Vaccination is the easiest and cheapest way to prevent diseases

•Cow and Calves Management and Care:- Artificial insemination or mating of cows
should be carried out after every 3 months (90 days) of calving. Indian cattle breeds take 3 years
in reaching the maturity phase whereas high yield Jersey crossbreed or HF cows reach maturity
at 16 to 18 months and they will be ready for mating. In general, Jersey Cow.for every 13
months, cows should be calving. The lactation period of cows should be 300 days and the service
period should be 90-120 days. The gestation period of cows is going to be 266 days. More
attention and care are needed in the case of pregnant cows as they need more nutrition during
this stage. Concentrate & mineral mixture should be given during the gestation period of cows
and this feed intake should be increased as time passes to ensure proper growth of calves and
their udder.
 Conclusion
The dairy farming business in Bangladesh can generate a rosy picture for dairy business owners.
This form of business’s huge potential is because people nowadays have become more health-
conscious and have entailed milk and milk products in their daily diet regime. Amid the
pandemic, people have been focusing more on strengthening their immune system, and therefore,
the demand for milk, especially the A2 Cow milk, has gained pace in the market. Before
commencing a dairy farm business, we should be ready with our dairy farming business plan.
We are ready to extend capital assistance and support in other forms so that one can easily
initiate our dairy farm anywhere in Bangladesh.