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MEETING 2
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
ENGLISH STUDENTS
DRA.SITI SUNDARI,MA

# CAR is a simple quantitative research. It deals with the test scores.

# An action research is a type of applied research that has a purpose to solve a

specific problem or make a decision at a single site (McMillan, 1992)

# A action research is a study of a social situation with a view to improve the

quality of the action (Eliot, 1991)

# An action research is a form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by

participants (teachers, students, or principals, for example) in social and
educational situations to improve the rationality and justice of their own social
or educational practices, their understanding of these practices, and the
situations in which the practices are carried out (Carr & Kemmis, in McNiff
(1991)

# A classroom action research is a research that is done by a teacher in his/her

class through self-reflection with the purpose of improving his/her work as a
teacher and improving the students’learning achievement.

# The characteristics of classroom action research :

1. An inquiry of practice from within
It means the teacher as the researcher feels that he/she has a problem in
the teaching learning process which needs to be solved.
(This CAR is done based on the teacher’s problem or the
students’problem).
2. Self- reflective inquiry
It means this research is based on the the teacher’s reflection about
his/her teaching learning process in the class. The teacher reflects his/her
teaching learning process to find the teaching problem.
3. This classroom action research is done in the class, so the focus is on the
teaching activities done by the teacher and the students.
4. The purpose of this classroom action research is to improve the teaching
quality and the result of the students’learning or the students’ learning
achievement.
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# The Contributions of CAR are as follows :

1. Practical Contributions
The result of this CAR is useful for the teacher as the researcher to get the
experience of conducting the CAR to improve the students’ learning
achievement and the teaching quality of the teacher in the class in order
to be the more professional teacher.

For the teacher as the collaborator

The result of CAR is useful for the teacher as the collaborator to see the
process of the action and use the research result as input to apply the
teaching technique in the teaching learning process in order to increase
the students’active participation and their learning achievement.

2. Empirical Contributions
For the students as the research participants
The actions given to the students will be useful for the students to get the
experience of learning given by the teacher as the researcher that can
increase the students’active participation and their learning achievement.

For the future researchers

The result of this CAR can be used by the future researchers as
information or a reference to conduct a further research dealing with the
same or similar problem with the same research design but with different
students’levels and schools to improve the students’ learning
achievement.

# The Research Question of CAR

Examples :

# How can the use of authentic reading materials improve the students’ reading
comprehension achievement at SMPN.....................?

# How can using group discussion enhance the students’ active participation at
SMPN.................?

# How can the use of picture series increase the students’ descriptive paragraph
writing achievement at SMPN...................?

# How can the use of mind mapping enhance the students’ speaking
achievement at SMPN.................?
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# The Research Objective of CAR is as follows :

Examples :

# to describe the improvement of the students’ Reading Comprehension

achievement by using Authentic Reading Materials at SMPN................

# to describe the improvement of the students’active participation in the

teaching learning process of reading by using group discussion at .............

# to improve the students’ descriptive paragraph writing achievement by using

picture series at ..........................

# to enhance the students’active participation in the teaching learning process

of reading by using jigsaw cooperative learning at ......................

# The limitation of CAR is as follows :

1. The validity of CAR

The validity of CAR is still questioned because the methods used are
flexible and informal. The research data of CAR can be manipulated by
the researcher if he/ she is not honest with the data collected and he/she is
not willing to continue to the next action cycle because of the limited
time to do the action at school.

2. Generalization
The result of CAR cannot be generalized at other classes or other schools
since the CAR is done in one class which has a learning problem. So, the
result of CAR is only for the class which becomes the research
participants.

# How to write the research title of CAR :

 The title should be brief not more than 15 words.

 The title describes the topic, the action given, and the research area.
 The title is a phrase not a sentence.
 It is written without dot (full stop).
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 It is written with capital letters in the cover of the research report.

The examples of the titles of CAR :

1. The Use of Picture Series to Improve the Students’ Descriptive Paragraph

Writing Achievement at Junior High School

2. Improving the Students’ Active Participation and Reading

Comprehension Achievement by Using Think Pair Share at ................

3. The Use of Word Game to Improve the Students’ Vocabulary

Achievement at Junior High School

4. Improving the Students’Reading Comprehension Achivement by Using

Group Discussion at Junior High School

5. The Use of Mind Mapping to improve the Students’ Writing

Achievement at Junior High School

6. Improving the Students’ Tense Mastery by Using Inductive Method at

..................................

7. The Use of Authentic Reading Materials to Increase the Students’

Reading Comprehension Achievement at .........................

8. The Use of Video to Develop the Students’ Listening Comprehension

Achievement at ...............................

9. Enhancing the Students’ Speaking Achievement by Using Role Play at

........................................

10. The Use of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning to Enhance the Students’

Reading Comprehension Achievement at ...............................

11. The Use of Story Telling to Improve the Students’ Speaking

Achievement at SMPN ..........................

12. Enhancing the Students’ Descriptive Paragraph Writing by Using the

Media of Pictures at ......................

13. The Use of Drama to Develop the Students’ Speaking Skill at .....
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# The research title consists of not more than 15 words.

# The research title of CAR indicates the research topic, the area , the
participants.
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