HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION 2022

FORM III SCIENCE

General Instructions
Wednesday 1 June
• Working Time: 1.5 hours
• Write using black pen 1:15 p.m.
• Remove the centre staple and hand in
all parts of the paper in a neat bundle
at the end. Checklist
• Write your name and class number in Each boy should have a single bundle
the space provided at the top of each containing the following:
section. ☐ 1 examination paper

☐ 1 Periodic Table and data sheet

Structure of Paper & Instructions
☐ 1 multiple choice answer sheet at
• Multiple choice (15 marks) the rear of the bundle
• Short answer (24 marks)
• Acids, bases and salts (22 marks)
• Coordination (19 marks) Use g = 10 m s−2 throughout the paper.
• Simple machines (26 marks)

Total marks: 106 T Wallis

CLASS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NUMBER
Class 3SC101 3SC102 3SC103 3SC104 3SC105 3SC106 3SC107 3SC108 3SC109 3SC110
Master’s
Initials
DGB TW AAH MTK AKBB HCKM FEMC ILM AHLS FHB
Master’s Mr Berthon Mr Wallis Dr Haines Ms Kelso Mr Bowes
Dr
Ms Chen
Mrs
Mr Shi Ms Branch
Name McCarron Mendes

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Use g = 10 m s−2 throughout this paper.

1. Which physical concept is best described by the sentence below?

“A push, a pull or a twist.”

(A) Force

(B) Energy

(C) Friction

(D) Mechanical Advantage

2. Which of the following statements correctly describes all third-class levers?

(A) They are all distance multipliers.

(B) The mechanical advantage is always greater than one.

(C) The fulcrum is always placed between load and effort forces.

(D) The load force is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort force.

3. A girl pushes a frictionless trolley with a weight of 6 N a distance of 4 m

across a horizontal surface, applying a constant horizontal force of 3 N as
she does so.

The work done by the girl on the trolley is:

(A) 2J

(B) 12 J

(C) 18 J

(D) 24 J

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

4. In the diagram below, a girl and a boy are playing on a seesaw.

Girl = 30 kg
Boy = 40 kg

1.6 m X

If the seesaw is balanced, calculate the distance, X, the boy is sitting from
the fulcrum.

(A) 1.0 m

(B) 1.2 m

(C) 1.6 m

(D) 2.1 m

5. The diagram below shows an old-fashioned corkscrew.

Part A

Part B

Which of the following statements correctly describes the corkscrew?

(A) Both Part A and Part B are levers.

(B) Both Part A and Part B are inclined planes.

(C) Part A is a lever and Part B is an inclined plane.

(D) Part A is an inclined plane, and Part B is a lever.

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

6. Methanogens are living organisms that produce methane, usually using the
process shown in the following unbalanced chemical equation:

_ CO2 + _ H2 → CH4 + _ H2O

When you balance this equation, the number in front of the hydrogen gas should be:

(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

7. Which of the following is the correct formula for ammonium nitrate?

(A) NH3NO4

(B) NH4NO3

(C) (NH3)2NO4

(D) (NH4)2NO3

8. Antacids are medicines that people may take to decrease the amount of acid
in their stomachs. The reaction that would occur when antacids are mixed
with stomach acid is called:

(A) Respiration

(B) Crystallisation

(C) Neutralisation

(D) Decomposition

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

9. The diagram below shows some information on three indicators.

A substance was tested with each of the indicators and the results are shown in
the table below.

Indicator Colour

Methyl orange yellow

Bromothymol blue yellow

Phenolphthalein colourless

Which of the following could be this substance?

(A) Soda water pH 2.5

(B) White wine pH 3.3

(C) Urine pH 5.5

(D) Oven cleaner pH 11.2

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

10. If the structure Z in the brain shown below is damaged in an accident, it is

most likely the person would have which of the following symptoms?

(A) Blurred vision

(B) Memory loss

(C) An irregular heartbeat

(D) An inability to maintain balance

11. The diagram below shows the structure of the human eye.

Which of these structures is responsible for the detection of light by the eye?

(A) A

(B) B

(C) C

(D) D

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

For questions 12 and 13, refer to the following diagram. The diagram illustrates the
control of thyroid hormone secretion. Glands are contained in ovals and hormones
in rectangles.

12. What initial effects does cold environments have on hormone levels?

TRH TSH Thyroid hormone

(A) decrease increase increase
(B) increase decrease decrease
(C) increase increase increase
(D) decrease decrease decrease

13. High levels of thyroid hormones are likely to result in which of the following?

(A) The inhibition of the release of TSH

(B) The inhibition of the anterior pituitary, thereby increasing TSH levels

(C) Stimulation of the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormone in a

negative feedback loop

(D) Cause no change in hormone levels as the thyroid hormone is the end
product of the feedback loop

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

14. The diagram below shows the difference in how rods and cones in the retina
are organised and connected to ganglia nerves:

• A large number of rods, spread over a large area, are connected to a

single nerve.
• A small number of cones, spread over a small area, are connected to a
single nerve.

This information helps explain which of the following?

(A) Rod cells are used for night vision

(B) Cone cells are used for colour vision

(C) Cone cells give low visual acuity (low resolution image)

(D) Rod cells give high visual acuity (high resolution image)

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

15. The diagram below shows the minimum distance that two points touching
the skin surface can be discriminated as being separate.

What can be inferred from this data?

(A) The left side of the body is more sensitive than the right side

(B) Touch receptors are larger on the most sensitive parts of the body

(C) The highest density of touch receptors is on the fingers and thumb

(D) Neurons transmit signals more slowly in the parts of the body with the
highest mean thresholds.

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PART B: SHORT ANSWER (24 marks)

NAME CLASS NUMBER

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Question 16 (6 marks)

The diagram below shows the microscopic view of a neuron.

(a) Identify the structures labelled A, B and E.

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A ...........................................................................................................................

B...........................................................................................................................

E ...........................................................................................................................

(b) Describe how messages are transmitted from structure F to another neuron.
3

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 17 (4 marks)

Calculate the mechanical advantage of the simple machines shown below. (You can
assume that there is no friction acting on any machine, and that all levers and pulley
wheels have negligible weight.)

(i)
0.4m 1.6m

Load force

(ii)

Effort force
80N = 40N
1

Load force

(iii)

1
1.2m

(iv)

Load force
= 60N

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 18 (4 marks)

For the simple machines shown below, calculate the unknown effort force or load
force. (You can assume that there is no friction acting on any machine, and that all
levers and pulley wheels have negligible weight.)

(i)
0.3 m 0.9 m
Effort
180 N force 1
=?

Load force

(ii)

Effort force 1
= 30 N

Load force
=?

(iii)

1
4m

(iv)

Effort force
=?
1

Load force
= 300 N

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 19 (5 marks)

Complete the following table.

Name Formula

hydroxide ion

HCO3–

HCl(aq)

acetic acid

sodium phosphate solid

Question 20 (5 marks)

Salts can be prepared in a number of different ways. The table below illustrates
several alternative methods for salt preparation. The first row is given to you as an
example. Identify (a) - (e), by naming specific substances.

Method of Reactants (substances Name of salt Name(s) of

preparation added together) formed other product(s)

acid + metal oxide acetic acid + lithium lithium acetate water

oxide

acid + metal (a) + aluminium aluminium chloride (b)

acid + (c) calcium hydroxide + nitric (d) (e)

acid

(a) _____________________________________________________________________

(b) _____________________________________________________________________

(c) _____________________________________________________________________

(d) _____________________________________________________________________

(e) _____________________________________________________________________

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PART C: ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS (22 marks)

NAME CLASS NUMBER

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Question 21 (4 marks)

Add the products, and then balance the following equations.

a) H2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → …………………………………………………. 2

b) K2CO3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → ……………………………………………………. 2

Question 22 (6 marks)

Pure water has Universal Indicator (UI) added to it.

a) Identify the pH of pure water. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Question continues over page.

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Use the following Universal Indicator (UI) colour chart to answer the following
questions.

b) What colour would you expect the water with UI added to be? 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Sodium is added to, and then reacts, with this water.

c) Identify TWO observations that you could make as this reaction takes place. 2

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

d) Write a word equation for this reaction. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

e) Would you expect the product of this reaction to be acidic, basic or neutral? 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 23 (7 marks)

An experiment is set-up as shown in the diagram below.

a) Identify the chemical element that is common to all dilute acids. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) Name the gas that is being collected in the measuring cylinder. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) Identify ONE property of this gas that allows it to be collected using this set-up. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

d) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, assuming the dilute acid is
nitric acid. 2

………………………………………………………………………………………….

e) Assuming there is still some magnesium ribbon left over once the reaction has
finished, write a method to prepare pure crystals of the salt formed in the conical
flask. 2

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 24 (5 marks)

CuCO3 does not naturally exist as a pure substance. However, it does exist in
conjunction with Cu(OH)2 in some minerals. For example, the formulas of some such
minerals are given in the table below.

Mineral Formula

Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2

a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of pure CuCO3(s) with
HCl(aq).
2

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) Azurite is unstable when exposed to air. It reacts with the water in the air to
convert it to malachite, releasing a gas that turns limewater milky.

a. Identify the gas released. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 2

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

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PART D: CO-ORDINATION (19 marks)

NAME CLASS NUMBER

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Question 25 (5 marks)

The diagram below shows a general model of how the endocrine system
sends hormones to select cells in the body to control cell activities.

Structure Y

A hormone is released when blood glucose levels fall too low.

(a) For this scenario, identify the following:

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(i) The hormone ____________________________________

(ii) The organ containing the endocrine cells _____________________

(iii) The organ containing the target cells _____________________

(b) Hormones are widely distributed by the blood. Identify structure Y and
explain with reference to the diagram the mechanism that allows only
target cells to respond to a specific hormone.
2

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 26 (6 marks)

The diagram below shows the relationship between environmental temperature and
metabolic heat production in humans that are normal (normothermic), heat adapted
and cold adapted (Inuit). The zone of normothermy is the range of environmental
temperatures in which humans can maintain a normal body temperature of around
37 oC.

As the environment starts to get colder, metabolic heat production must be

increased to maintain normal body temperature.
Heat production (Joules per second)

Environmental temperature (°C)

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

(a) Define homeostasis. 1

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) For the 3 groups, estimate the environmental temperature at which metabolic
heat production must be increased to maintain normal body temperature as
the environment starts to get colder.
2

Inuit……………………………………………………………………………………

Normothermic ……………………………………………………………………….

(c) Construct a diagram to represent the stimulus-response model for the

increase in metabolic heat production as the environment starts to get
colder. Include the receptor type and effector in your diagram.
3

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 27 (8 marks)

The image below shows a popular online test used to measure reaction time.
Subjects click on a button on the computer screen when they see the traffic light
turn green and the reaction time is measured.

A scientist used this test to see if having music playing in the car affects the reaction
time of a driver operating in traffic. Ten different subjects were tested; five receiving
no sound during testing and five listening to music.

The table below shows the data collected.

Subjects Reaction time Subjects Reaction time

(in silence) (milliseconds) (with music) (milliseconds)

Bob 500 Anna 800

Dave 600 Erin 850

Harry 650 Helen 750

Simon 700 Jane 2300

Tim 600 Wendy 700

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

The scientist hypothesized that listening to music would increase a person’s

reaction time by at least 50%.

(a) Analyse the data in the table to determine if it supports the scientist’s
hypothesis.
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(b) Suggest one way the experimental design of this experiment could be
improved. Explain your answer.
2

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(c) How would the response time for a reflex action differ from the response time for
a non-reflex action? Explain the reason for the difference.
3

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

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PART E: SIMPLE MACHINES (26 marks)

NAME CLASS NUMBER

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Use g = 10 m s-2 throughout the paper.

Question 28 (8 marks)
a) The diagram below shows a trolley of mass 2.0 kg being pulled up a
ramp. It is found that the minimum reading on the spring balance when
the trolley moves up the ramp is 4.0 N. (You can assume that there is no
friction acting on the trolley.)

i) Calculate the weight of the trolley. 1

..........................................................................................................................

ii) Calculate the height, h of the ramp. 1

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

iii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the trolley

as it moves from the bottom to the top of the ramp. 1

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

b) In the diagram below, a 300 N block is being pulled up a ramp, but

because it has no wheels, there is friction acting on it. In this case, it is
found that the minimum force required to pull the block up the ramp is
80 N.

i) Calculate the force of friction acting on the block. 3

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ii) Calculate the efficiency of the ramp under these conditions. 2

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 29 (5 marks)

a) Calculate the kinetic energy of a 20 kg dog running at 8 ms-1.

1

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b) Calculate the height of a cliff if a 4 kg boulder gains 720 J of gravitational

potential energy when lifted to the top of it.
1

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c) A 6 kg trolley is initially travelling at a constant speed of 3 ms-1. A boy

pushes the trolley with a constant force for a distance of 4 m. Afterwards,
the trolley is travelling at a speed of 5 ms-1.

Assuming no friction is acting, calculate the force with which the boy pushed
the trolley.

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 30 (6 marks)
a) The diagram below shows a block and tackle pulley system.

80 N

load

The weight of the pulley wheels in this system is so small it can be

ignored, and the friction acting is negligible.

i) Calculate the weight (i.e. the load) that can be lifted with an effort
force of 80 N.
1

..........................................................................................................................

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

b) The diagram below shows a second pulley system. In this system, there
is no friction, but both pulley wheels weigh 50 N.

50 N wheel

50 N wheel

200 N

i) Calculate the effort force required to lift the 200 N load shown.
2

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ii) What is the weight of the load being lifted when the mechanical
advantage of this pulley system is 1.8?
3

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Question 31 (7 marks)

The diagram below shows a long lever of negligible weight. On one side is a load of
weight W, which is balanced by a constant force of 20 N applied on the other side of
the lever.

20 N
W

A pupil investigates what happens when he changes the position of the fulcrum, X.
He finds that he needs to change the position, Y, at which he applies the 20 N force,
to get the lever to balance. His results are recorded in the table below:

Position of Fulcrum, X (m) Position of 20 N Weight, Y (m)

0.10 0.28

0.20 0.55

0.30 0.83

0.40 1.15

0.50 1.38

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

a) Plot a graph of the position of the fulcrum, X, against the position of

the 20 N weight, Y, and draw a line of best fit through your data.
5

b) Using your graph or otherwise, calculate the weight, W. 2

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

Blank Page

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Sydney Grammar School Form III Science 2022 Half-Yearly Examination

You may detach this page from your paper.

Junior Science Data Sheet

Simple Solubility Rules

1. All Group I and ammonium salts are soluble.

2. All nitrates and acetates are soluble.
3. All chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble except those of Ag
and Pb.
4. All sulfates are soluble except those of Ba, and Pb, Ag (slightly) and
Ca (slightly).
5. All hydroxides are insoluble except those of the very active metals
(i.e. all of Group I and Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra from Group II).
6. All carbonates are insoluble except Rule 1.

Activity Series of Metals

K Na Ba Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb (H2) Cu Ag Au

Decreasing activity

33
 Periodic Table of the Elements
C Br He Tc
hydrogen helium
solid liquid gas synthetic
1 2
H He
1 4
lithium beryllium element name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
key
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be symbol B C N O F Ne
7 9 atomic weight 11 12 14 16 19 20
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85 88 89 91 93 96 [98] 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
caesium barium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
133 137 175 178.5 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 [209] [210] [222]
francium radium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium ununbium
87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub
[223] [226] [262] [261] [262] [266] [264] [269] [268] [271] [272] [285]

lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
138.9055 140.116 140.90765 144.24 [145] 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.9253 162.50 164.930 167.259 168.934 173.04
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
[227] 232.038 231.0359 238.0289 [237] [244] [243] [247] [247] [251] [252] [257] [258] [259]

34
 Back of
Multiple Choice
Answer Sheet
 Class

Name

2022 Multiple Choice

FORM III ANSWER SHEET
HALF-YEARLY
EXAMINATION
1 A B C D
Instructions
Write your Name and Class in the 2 A B C D
space provided.
Attempt all questions 3 A B C D
Use a blue or black pen
4 A B C D

5 A B C D

6 A B C D
Select the alternative A, B, C, or D that best
answers the question. Fill in the response circle 7 A B C D
completely.
Example 8 A C D
B
1 A C D
B 9 A B C D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross
through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer. 10 A B C D
1 C D
A B 11 A B C D
If you change your mind and have crossed out
what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate the correct answer by writing the word
12 A B C D
correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct 13 A B C D

1 C D 14 A B C D
A B
15 A B C D