5.

1 Information Age  Hired(1936) by British top secret government code

5.1.1 INFORMATION AGE
1. Fact to remember in the Age of Information which has the ff.
developments:
1.1. The Guten press was invented by German goldsmith, Johannes
Gutenberg ,(1440) w/c resulted in the improvement of manual,
tedious, and slow printing methods. This method in printing press
is a device that applies pressure to an inked surface lying on a
print medium(cloth or paper) to transfer ink
1.2. Mass communication was traced back to the invention of the
printing press. The development of a fast and easy way of
disseminating information in print permanently reformed the
structure of society
1.3. The rise of the printing press had threatened the political and
religious authorities which impacted the tremendous social
change on the wide circulation of information. Thus, the
production of books made accessible not only in the upper class
but in the middle class and lower class
2. Information age and social media influence human lives
Social Media- refers to websites and application that are designed to
allow people to share content quickly, efficiently and in real-time.
Importance of studying social media
 Social media plays an important role in every student’s life
 It is easier and convenient to access information, provide
information and communicate via social media.
 Teachers and students are connected to each other and can
make good use of these platforms for the working of their
education
Purpose of Social Media
 Its purpose is primarily to build a brand and increase it
visibility.
 As social media sites have become more popular, brands and
business are pulling their services over the site to market
them in the right manner
 80% socializing
 58% personal branding
 15% stalking(and other bad deeds)
Why social media is important in our life?
 Social media plays an important role on our life
 We are using it to keep touch with our friends and make some new
friends.
 These are all very useful when we talk about business too
How can social media help students?
 Social media can help centralize the collective knowledge of an
entire class to make studying and communicating more efficient
for everyone
 To break the enigma code
4. Alan Turing (person)
 Invented “Bombe” an electromechanical machine that encrypted
messages of the German enigma machine
 This contribution shortened the war by 2 years
5. Universal Machine
 Became foundation of computer science and the invention of a
machine later called computer
 Computer that can solve any problem in performing any task from
a written program
6. Steve Wozniak
 Co-founder of apple
 Designed the operating system, hardware, and circuit board of the
computer
7. Steve Jobs
 Fully assembled printed circuit board
5.1.3 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
Development of social media platforms since (1973 onwards)
1. Numerous variation of multi-user chat rooms
2. Instant messaging application(yahoo messenger)
3. Bulletin board, forum sites, game-based social network sites
4. Business oriented social networking website
5. Messaging, video, and voice calling services (viber, messenger, skype)
6. Blogging platform, image and hosting website
7. Discovery and dating oriented websites
8. Video sharing services
9. Real time social media feed aggregator
10. Livestreaming
11. Photo-video sharing wbsites
12. QnA platforms
Summary
In conclusion, we've gone over the many types of social media that are now in
use. We've also looked at how these social media platforms have affected
ourselves and society as a whole.
5.2 Biodiversity and Healthful Society
Biodiversity SUMN+MARY
 Biodiversity is the variety of life- Its ecosystem, species,
population and genes
 Human actions towards the land, freshwater, and oceans have
already caused biodiversity to decline.
 The research and reports in Biodiversity Studies by Roy, reported
that due to the ever-increasing demand for natural resources, the
earth is on the verge of global mass extinction
 Johns and Eyzaquirre conducted a study on linking biodiversity,
Diet, and Health in Police and Practice that the simplification of
human diets associated with increased accessibility of inexpensive
agricultural commodities and erosion of agrobiodiversity leads to
nutrient deficiencies and excess ebergy consumption
 Tumbaga, Hipolito, Gabriel, said that the understanding of
community participation in biodiversity conservation among
developing countries, such as the Philippines, is still lacking and
needs to be supplemented

5.1.2 PIONEERS
People/inventions that have contributed in the development of the information
age:
1. Harvard Mark 1
 Made by US
 To address the problem of a serious shortage of human computers
for military calculations
 It is a general-purpose electromechanical computer that was 50
ft.. long and capable of doing calculations in seconds that usually
took place hours
2. Enigma
 Made by Britain
 To encipher the machine that the German armed forces used to
securely send messages
3. Alan Turing (person) decipher code machine
 English mathematician
5.2.1 Definition and Types of Biodiversity

Biodiversity
 Biodiversity offsets an increasingly popular yet controversial tool
in conservation.
 According to millennium ecosystem assessment, common
indicators are needed to monitor the loss of biodiversity and the
implication for the sustainable provisions of ecosystem services

Biodiversity Types: Genetic, Species, and Ecological Diversity

Variety of living things, number of kinds:

1. Ecological diversity (biggest)

- Different habitats, niches, species interactions
- An assemblage of species living in the same area and interacting
with an environment
- This is the number of species in a community of organisms
- Maintaining both types of diversity is fundamental to the
functioning of ecosystems and hence to human welfare

2. Species Diversity (bigger)

- Different kinds of organisms, relationships among species
- Refers to the number of kinds of species being found
- This refers the variety of species within a particular region
- The number of species in a region is a measure of such
diversity

3. Genetic Diversity (smol)

- Different genes & combination of genes within population
- Allows population of a species to adopt to environmental changes
- It is the variation of genes within the species
- This results in a distinct populationof one, even the same
species

5.2.2 Benefits

Biological Variety
 Is a rich genetic resources, and
 Genetic diversity demonstrates the tremendous worth of research
and development efforts
 One of the benefits mentioned is optimizing the effective use of
natural resources, which is one of the benefits of biodiversity
  There is one possible procedure on that gene therapy
6.1 Genetically Modified Organisms 6.1.1 BIOETHICAL DILLEMMAS USING GMO

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) There are various concerns on

 are living organism genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a - Genetic engineering
laboratory through genetic engineering. - Gene Therapy and
 This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do - GMO
not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. Having very controversial innovations in science and technology
 GMOS are products of artificial manipulation and alteration of the species
genetic material in a laboratory using genetic engineering,  Having very controversial innovations in science and technology
 Plant, animal bacteria and virus genes may be combined or may be
crossbred to produce another kind of species that do not naturally occur in
the environment

How do GMO affect cells?

 The application of genetic modification allows genetic material to be
transferred from any species into plants or other organisms
 The introduction of a gene into different cells can result in different
outcomes, and
 The overall pattern of gene expression can be altered by the introduction of
a single gene

GMO Examples:
 Transgenic crops and recombinant DNA Tech
 Could be..
o crop plants,
o farm animals
o soil bacteria etc.
 those are some of the more prominent examples of organisms that
have been subject to genetic engineering

Controversial issues in science and technology specifically GMO

 increased crop yield (harvested production per unit or harvested
area for crop products, measured by weight)
 pest resistance
 and other benefits of GMO

GENETIC ENGINEERING
- refers to the direct manipulation of DNA to alter an…
- means making changes to DNA in order to change the way living
things work
- is used by scientist to enhance or modify
GE could be used for the ff:
 In medicine, such as mass-produce insulin, human growth
hormones, follistm(for treating infertility), human albumin,
monoclonal antibodies, anti-hemophilic factors, vaccines and other
drugs.
 In research, organisms are genetically engineered to discover the
functions of certain genes
Results:
 Create new crop and farm animals
 Make bacteria that can make medicines
 Grow human body parts
 Prevent genetic diseases, change humans

Ethical issues
 Who decides what should be corrected through genetic engineering
 Should animals be modified to provide organs for human
transplant
 Should humans be cloned?

GENE THERAPHY
- Aims to treat a disease by supplying a functional allele(dna)
- Alleles
o Is a variant form of a gene
o Explained in greater detail(traits)
- One possible procedure is the following:
1. Clone the functional allele & insert it in a retroviral
vector
2. Using the virus to deliver the gene to an affected cell
type from the patients such as a bone marrow cell
3. Viral DNA and the functional allele will insert into the
patient’s chromosomes
4. Return the cells to the patient for growth and divisions
CLONING
 Cloning is a gene therapy that aims to treat a disease by supplying
functional alleles.