MATHEMATICS--IX MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS __

Exercise 1.6 Questions#3 to 6

Q3. Two sides of a rectangle differ by 3.5cm. Find the dimensions
of the rectangle if its perimeter is 67cm.
Solution:
(Using Matrix inversion method)
Let length=x
Let width=y
1st Condition:
x − y =3.5 ---- (i)
2nd Condition:
Perimeter of a rectangle: 2(l+b)
Perimeter of the given rectangle = 67 cm
2(x + y) = 67
67
= x+y= 2

= x + y =33.5 --- (ii)

Now, we have two equations:
x – y = 3.5
x + y = 33.5
We can arrange them in a matrix:

[1 -1 ] [𝑥 ]=[ 3.5 ]
1 1 𝑦 33.5
Naming the matrices: A=[1 -1]; B=[ 3.5 ]; X=[x]
1 1 33.5 y
AX=B
X=A--1B

Solving A--1:
 1
A--1 = | A | × Adj. A

|A|= |1 -1| = 1(1) – 1(–1)

1 1
= 1+1
|A| = 2

Adj. A = [ 1 1]
-1 1
1
As, A--1 = | A | × Adj. A

A--1 = 2 [ 1 1]
1
-1 1
We’ve found A—1, we can find X:
X =A—1B

[ 1 1] [ 3.5 ]
1
X = 2 -1 1 33.5
1 1(3.5) +1(33.5)
= [ ]
2 --1(3.5)+1(33.5)

[3.5 + 33.5]
1
= 2 --3.5+33.5
[37]
1
= 2 30
37(12)
=[ ]
1
30( 2 )

= [18.5]
15
x
= [y] = [18.5]
15
∴ x=18.5; y=15
So, through this method, we’ve determined the dimensions (length
and width) of the rectangle;
Length=x=18.5cm
Width=y=15cm  ANSWER
Q4. The third angle of an isosceles triangle is 16o less than the
sum of the two equal angles. Find three angles of the triangle.
Solution:
(Using Cramer’s rule)
Let: 1st angle of the triangle = 2nd angle of the triangle = x
Let: 3rd angle of the triangle = y
1st Condition:
Sum of angles of first and second triangles = x + x = 2x

Third angle of the triangle = 2x– 16= y ... (i)

2nd Condition:
Sum of angles of the triangle: x + x + y = 180o
= 2x + y = 180o ... (ii)
Now, we have two equations:

2x– y = 16

2x+ y = 180
We can arrange them in a matrix:

[2 -1 ] [𝑥 ]=[ 16 ]
2 1 𝑦 180
Naming the coefficient matrix A=[2 -1 ]
2 1
|A|=|2 -1| = 2(1) – (–1)2
2 1
=2+2
=4

Ax = [ 16 -1]
180 1
|Ax|=| 60 -1|=16(1) – (–1) (180)
180 1
= 16 + 180
= 196
Ay = [2 16 ]
2 180
|Ay|= |2 60 | = 2(180) – (16)2
2 180
= 360 – 32

= 328
|Ax|
x= |A|
196
= 4

= 49o
Hence, the magnitude of both equal angles is 49o respectively.
The sum of the two equal angles= 2x = 2(49) = 98o.
|A y|
y= |A|
328
= 4

= 82o
The third angle is of 82o.
1st angle of the triangle = 49o
2nd angle of the triangle= 49o
3rd angle of the triangle = 82o ANSWER
Q5. One acute angle of a right triangle is 12o more than twice the
other acute angle. Find the acute angles of the right triangle.
Solution:
(Using Cramer’s rule)
Let first acute angle be x.
Let second acute angle be y.
1st Condition:
If 1st acute angle is x, and if the second angle will be 2y, then
according to the condition:
x = 2y+12
x–2y=12
2nd Condition:
The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180o, as this is a right-
angled triangle, so other than the acute angles, the third angle is
obviously right angle = 90o, so:
x+y+90o=180o
x+y=180o—90o
x+y=90 (ii)
Now, we have two equations:
x—2y =12  (i)
x+y=90 (ii)
We can arrange them in a matrix:

[1 -2 ] [𝑥 ]=[12]
1 1 𝑦 90
Naming the coefficient matrix A= [1 -2 ]
1 1

|A|=[1 -2 ] = 1(1) – (–2)1

1 1
 =1+2
=3

Ax = [12 -2 ]
90 1
|Ax|=|12 -2|=12(1) – (–2) (90)
90 1
= 12 + 180
= 192

Ay = [ 1 12]
1 90
|Ay|= | 1 12| = 1(90) – (12)1
1 90
= 90 – 12

= 78
|Ax|
x= |A|
192
= 3

= 64o
|A y|
y= |A|
78
= 3

= 26o
1st acute angle = 64o
2nd acute angle = 26o ANSWER