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Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Limit Laws
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Limit Laws
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
One of the main reasons why this module was created is to ensure that it will assist
you to understand the usage of these limit laws and know how to apply these on
certain functions.
When you finish this module, you will be able to:
What I Know
Calculate the limits of the following functions. Write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. lim (3)
𝑥→1
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2
2. lim ( 4𝑥)
𝑥→2
A. 3 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7
3. lim (𝑥 2 + 2)
𝑥→3
A. 15 B. 12 C. 13 D. 11
𝑥+1
5. lim ( )
𝑥→0 2−𝑥
2 1 3 1
A. B. C. D.
3 2 4 3
6. lim (4)
𝑥→1
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2
7. lim ( 3𝑥)
𝑥→2
A. 3 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7
8. lim (𝑥 2 + 7)
𝑥→2
A. 15 B. 12 C. 13 D. 11
𝑥+1
10. lim (𝑥−2)
𝑥→4
2 5 3 2
A. B. C. D.
3 2 2 5
2𝑥 2+7𝑥−15
12. lim ( )
𝑥→−5 𝑥+5
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
𝑥 2 −9
14. lim ( 𝑥−3 )
𝑥→3
A. – 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
𝑥−4
15. lim ( )
𝑥→4 √𝑥−2
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Lesson
Limit Laws
1
What are laws and why are they created? For sure there will be lots of explanation
about it, one of which is that, it is a rule that is meant to be followed for greater good.
The Limit lesson has its own laws as well and it was made because of the advantages
it can provide in solving the limits of different functions.
What’s In
Solve for the limit of the given item using the table of values. Write your solution on
a separate sheet of paper. (Use calculator whenever necessary)
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6
Given: lim ( 𝑥−3 )
𝑥→3
What’s New
Read and follow the steps in solving the limit of a function using these different
methods. Fill in the blanks to complete the solution of the given. Copy and answer
the table on a separate sheet of paper.
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6
Given: lim ( )
𝑥→3 𝑥−3
Steps Solution
1. Observe the given function.
Since it is a rational function,
check whether its numerator 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + _____)(𝑥 − _____)
or denominator is factorable.
What is It
Limit laws are used as alternative ways in solving the limit of a function without
using table of values and graphs.
Below are the different laws that can be applied in various situations to solve for the
limit of a function.
𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒌) = 𝒌
𝒙→𝒄
Example:
1. lim(5) = 5
𝑥→𝑐
2. lim(−9) = −9
𝑥→𝑐
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 = 𝑪
𝒙→𝒄
Examples:
1. lim (𝑥) = 8
𝑥→8
2. lim (𝑥) = −2
𝑥→−2
❖ For the remaining theorems, we will assume that the limits of f and g both
exist as x approaches c and that they are L and M, respectively. In other words,
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 and 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝑴
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
D. The Addition theorem. The limit of a sum of functions is the sum of the limits
of the individual functions.
𝐥𝐢𝐦 [ 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) ] = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝑳 + 𝑴
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
H. The Power Theorem. The limit of an integer power 𝑝 of a function is just that
power of the limit of the function.
𝒑
𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝒇(𝒙)]𝒑 = [𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)] = (𝑳)𝒑
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
Examples:
I. The Radical/Root Theorem. If 𝑛 is a positive integer, the limit of the 𝑛𝑡ℎ root
of a function is just the 𝑛𝑡ℎ root of the limit of the function, provided that the
𝑛𝑡ℎ root of the limit is a real number.
𝒏 𝒏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 √𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒏√(𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝑳
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
Examples:
3
lim 3√𝑓(𝑥) = 3√(lim 𝑓(𝑥) = √8 = 2
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
More examples:
1. Find: lim (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3)
𝑥→4
Solution:
Steps Solution
6. Simplify. 16 + 16 − 3 = 29
𝑥+5
2. Solve: lim (𝑥+2)
𝑥→1
Solution:
Steps Solution
lim (𝑥 + 5)
𝑥→1
1. Apply Division Theorem.
lim (𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→1
1 + lim (5)
3. Apply the limit of 𝑥 as 𝑥→1
𝑥 approaches 𝑐 is equal to c. 1 + lim (2)
𝑥→1
6
5. Simplify. =𝟐
3
Solution:
Steps Solution
4. Simplify. √64 = 𝟖
10
𝑥−3
4. Evaluate: lim (𝑥2 −𝑥−6)
𝑥→3
Solution:
Steps Solution
(𝑥−3) 1
1. Factor the denominator then
simplify. lim [(𝑥+2)(𝑥−3)]=lim [(𝑥+2)]
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
lim (1)
𝑥→3
2. Apply Division Theorem.
lim (𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→3
lim (1)
3. Apply Addition Theorem on 𝑥→3
the denominator. lim (𝑥) + lim (2)
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
𝟏
5. Simplify.
𝟓
11
What’s More
Determine the limits of the following items using the limit laws. Write your complete
solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. lim (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3)
𝑥→5
𝑥+8
2. lim (𝑥−7)
𝑥→2
3. lim (√𝑥 + 15 )
𝑥→10
4. lim (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4)
𝑥→2
5. lim (√𝑥 − 5 )
𝑥→4
𝑥+9
6. lim (5−𝑥)
𝑥→3
𝑥 2 +4𝑥−21
7. lim ( )
𝑥→−7 𝑥+7
12
Express what you have learned in this lesson by answering the questions below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In what way did the Limit laws help you in solving for the limit of a function?
What I Can Do
Tell whether the mathematical statement below is TRUE or FALSE. Explain your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
13
Assessment
Solve for the limit of the following items. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. lim (10)
𝑥→6
A. 11 B. 10 C. 9 D. 8
2. lim (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→5
A. 11 B. 10 C. 9 D. 8
𝑥 2 −25
3. lim ( 𝑥−5
)
𝑥→10
A. 18 B. 17 C. 16 D. 15
A. - 8 B. 9 C. -9 D. 8
A. - 36 B. 30 C. - 32 D. 34
6. lim (9)
𝑥→5
A. 11 B. 10 C. 9 D. 8
7. lim (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→5
A. 11 B. 10 C. 9 D. 8
𝑥 2 −36
8. lim ( )
𝑥→6 𝑥−6
A. 14 B. 12 C. 13 D. 15
14
A. - 3 B. 6 C. -6 D. 3
A. - 6 B. 0 C. -2 D. 4
3
11. lim (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3)3
𝑥→2
A. 0 B. -1 C. 1 D. -2
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+1)
12. lim [ (𝑥−1)
]
𝑥→1
A. 0 B. DNE C. 1 D. No answer
13. lim √𝑥 + 3
𝑥→−3
A. 1 B. 3 C. 0 D. 2
A. 16 B. 13 C. 15 D. 12
2𝑥−10
15. lim (𝑥2 −2𝑥−15)
𝑥→5
1 1
A. 2 B. C. 5 D.
4 2
15
Additional Activities
Evaluate the limit of the following items. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
√𝑥−5
1. lim (𝑥−25)
𝑥→25
𝑥 3 +3𝑥 2 +10𝑥+104
2. lim (√ 𝑥 2 −12
)
𝑥→4
16
√𝑥−5 1
4. C
𝑥→25 𝑥−25
lim ( ) = 10
5. A
6. C
2. 7. C
𝑥 3 +3𝑥2 +10𝑥+104
8. B
9. D
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 −12
lim (√ ) =8
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. B
lOMoARcPSD|21013597
lOMoARcPSD|21013597
References
DepEd. 2013. Basic Calculus. Teachers Guide.
Lim, Yvette F., Nocon, Rizaldi C., Nocon, Ederlina G., and Ruivivar, Leonar A. 2016.
Math for Engagement Learning Grade 11 Basic Calculus. Sibs Publishing
House, Inc.
Mercado, Jesus P., and Orines, Fernando B. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11
Basic Calculus. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
19