Trixy Mae F.

Hortillano N25

EVIDENCE-BASED REPORT NO.1

I. Title/Topic
Management of Essential Hypertension
II. Research Findings
The current evidence-based treatment of essential hypertension is an important
intervention in lowering CV morbidity and death (O'donnell et al. 2016). The World Health
Organization deems that an elevated blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of mortality and
disability globally, impacting over 1 billion people and causing an estimated 9.4 million deaths
annually.
Patients with prehypertension are at a higher risk of developing hypertension, and those
with a blood pressure of 130 to 139/80 to 89mm Hg are twice as likely as those with lower values
to develop hypertension. According to the study, the prevalence of hypertension in adults differs
by race/ethnicity. Non-Hispanic blacks had the greatest prevalence of hypertension (40.8 % for
men and 41.5% for women) nationally. Non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic Asians, and Hispanics
have much lower rates in both men and women. It also revealed modifiable risk factors for
essential hypertension that are most clearly confirmed such as obesity, high sodium intake,
insufficient physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption. On the other hand, non-
modifiable factors also play an important roles such as age, race and family history. Nonetheless,
in addition to adverse lifestyle factors, the social determinants of health, which include
socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, social support, culture, language, access to care, and
residential environment, have a significant impact on the prevalence and adverse outcomes for
CVD, including hypertension. There is also a recommendation from the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline
on lifestyle management to lower sodium intake and to consume no more than 2400 mg of
sodium per day with benefits with further reductions of sodium intake to 1500 mg of sodium per
day, resulting in even greater BP reduction. Potassium may also be an important component of
BP control. There are also preferred antihypertensive pharmacotherapies for the control of
hypertension and major options for initial drug therapy in hypertension treatment. The use of
standardized treatment protocols is increasingly seen as a successful strategy to hypertension to
enhance blood pressure regulation Several techniques have been established to help define
titration intervals including therapies and treatments evidence‐based options. Most procedures
encourage teamwork. methods, as well as non-physician staff vital components of the care team,
such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and clinical psychologists are all examples of
healthcare professionals, assistants and pharmacists who can help patients must be followed up
on in a timely manner.
III. Conclusion
Hypertension and CVD are highly prevalent in the United States and a main cause of
death. Hypertension prevalence, control, and outcomes display disparities by race and ethnicity,
which are sizable, likely multifactorial, and to a large extent preventable. CVD related to
hypertension, specifically HF, ESRD, CAD events, and stroke, diminish longevity in blacks. These
disparities are primarily due to a combination of social determinants of health, risk factor control,
culture, and environment. Hypertension is controlled by therapeutic lifestyle changes, especially
weight loss and sodium restriction; but most patients require pharmacotherapy, often with 2 or
more drugs in combination. Those patients at highest risk benefit from more intensive
intervention. Potentially, effective hypertension treatment protocols and team-based care,
combined with home BP monitoring, will significantly reduce the unacceptable high levels of
uncontrolled hypertension in all patients.
IV. Analysis
It is essential for healthcare providers to acquire more insights, and scientific-based study
in managing essential hypertension or hypertension as a whole as this is one of the most common
serious medical condition that could increase risk in CVD and other diseases. It is important that
as a healthcare provider, we facilitate care with appropriate knowledge to the patient in terms
of prevention, lifestyle modification, and BP lowering in terms of evidence-based practice as this
significantly reduces risk across various baseline BP levels and comorbidities, especially in high-
risk patients.
V. Reference
Ferdinand, K. & Nasser, S. (2016). Management of Essential Hypertension. Elsevier. Retrieved
from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28411897/