Fall 2020

Ahsanullah University of Science

& Technology

EEE 1202: Electrical Circuits-ll Lab

Experiment No. 3
STUDY OF RESONANCE BEHAVIOUR OF A SERIES
RLC CIRCUI T WITH VARIABLE CAPACITANCE

Prepared by Shaila Arif

INTRODUCTION
Resonance is a particular situation that may occur in an
electric circuit containing both inductive and capacitive
elements. In a series RLC circuit this resonance occurs
when,
Inductive Impedance = Capacitive Impedance
𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶
2𝜋𝑓𝐿= 1ൗ 2𝜋𝑓𝐶

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2V(P-P)

1. Resistance-2.2Ω
2. Inductor-2.7mH
3. Capacitor-0.1𝜇𝑓,0.22 𝜇𝑓,1 𝜇𝑓,2.2 𝜇𝑓,4.7 𝜇𝑓,10 𝜇𝑓
4. Oscilloscope
5. Oscilloscope Probe
6. Signal Generator
7. Signal Generator Probe
8. Multi-meter 3
9. Bread board
10.Wires for connection Prepared by Shaila Arif
At resonant condition for a series circuit the following
should be observed :
1. The resultant impedance of the circuit is purely resistive in nature :
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑅+ 𝑗 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶= 𝑅 + 𝑗. 0 = 𝑅
2.Since the impedance is minimum the current in the series circuit will be
maximum and given as :
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑆ൗ 𝑅
3. The circuit yields an unity power factor since the impedance is purely resistive
4. The average power absorbed by the circuit is maximum at this resonance ;
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝑰𝟐 𝑹
𝒎𝒂𝒙

How can resonance be achieved?

We can obtain the resonance situation by satisfying equation 1 for the series RLC circuit. Our options
are to vary any of the three parameters – L,C or f or any combination of them. In this experiment we
shall try to achieve resonance point by varying ‘C’ keeping ‘L’ and ‘f’ constant.
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Practical Considerations to be taken for the
experiment :
Practical inductor has some resistance of its own. So make sure that this resistance R doesn’t hamper
your calculation significantly.
Due to loading effect the amplitude of the source voltage changes when we use different capacitors.
So one should check the amplitude every time a new capacitor is used and make adjustment if
necessary. Remember that we should keep same amplitude value throughout the experiment.
Since at resonance point the circuit current is maximum , the watt dissipation of the resistor R must
be checked against its wattage rating. It should be applicable also for the inductor current rating.
Besides, the signal generator we are using must be capable of delivering the maximum current.
In a series circuit containing R,L and C the voltage across the C can raise beyond the supply voltage.
So other circuit equipment those are subjected to V must be able to withstand that voltage.
When measuring the phase angle between voltage and current we should check the connection of the
C oscilloscope probes carefully. Each of the black crocodile clip represents the ground of respective
oscilloscope channel. But inside the oscilloscope these two grounds are shorted. So when we use L both
the probes there is a great chance that we short-circuit some parts of the circuit. We should always
avoid this situation.
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No C 𝑽𝑹 𝑰(𝑨) 𝑽𝑳 𝑽𝑪 𝜽 Power Lag/
( µf ) (𝑽) (𝑽) (𝑽) (𝒅𝒆𝒈.) Factor Lead
=cos𝜽
1. 0.1 0.0028 9.2800e-04 0.0315 0.7385 -89.7744 lead

2. 0.22 0.0065 0.0022 0.0732 0.7801 -89.4756

3. 1.0

4. 1.5
(2.2+4.7) Table
5. 2.2

6. 3.2
(4.7+10)
7. 4.7

8. 6.9
(4.7//2.2)
9. 10

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Table
c in farad:0.1*10^-6 c in farad:0.22*10^-6 c in farad:1*10^-6
i = 9.2800e-04 i = 0.0022 i = 0.0155
vr =0.0028 vr = 0.0065 vr = 0.0464
vl =0.0315 vl = 0.0732 vl = 0.5244
vc =0.7385 vc = 0.7801 vc = 1.2298
theta = -89.7744 theta = -89.4756 theta = -86.2399

c in farad:1.5*10^-6 c in farad:2.2*10^-6 c in farad:3.2*10^-6 c in farad:4.7*10^-6

i = 0.0365 i = 0.1888 i = 0.0741 i = 0.0410
vr = 0.1096 vr = 0.5663 vr = 0.2222 vr = 0.1229
vl = 1.2393 vl = 6.4046 vl = 2.5132 vl = 1.3898
vc = 1.9377 vc = 6.8279 vc = 1.8420 vc = 0.6935
theta = -81.0839 theta = -36.7766 theta = 71.6813 theta = 79.9908

c in farad:6.9*10^-6 c in farad:10*10^-10
i = 0.0313 i = 8.8882e-06
vr = 0.0939 vr = 2.6665e-05
vl = 1.0616 vl = 3.0157e-04
vc = 0.3608 vc = 0.7073
theta = 82.3706 theta = -89.9978

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Thank you
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