Impact of Social Media To Adults On Covid Vaccinations

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
CALATAGAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ADULTS’ ENCOURAGEMENT TO RECEIVE
COVID-19 VACCINATIONS IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF CALATAGAN
A Research Paper Presented to the
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Basic Education Program for Senior High School Curriculum
ABSTRACT
The study focused on a problem relative to how social media creates an impact on its
modern-day users. The researchers assessed if social media and/or its different aspects can
affect the encouragement for adults to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and if it does, how are
the different characteristics of the respondents related to the said problem? Social media
impacts multiple aspects of life, this includes entertainment, businesses, communication, and
encouragement. The encouragement aspects to social media come in the form of
advertisements, posts and trends. These are somewhat the main variables of the study due to
the fact that these three aspects are what encourages the respondents in terms of their
vaccinations.
In terms of respondents, there are 46 respondents in total, 23 of which male and 23 are
female. All the respondents are adult citizens residing in selected barangays in Calatagan.
The researchers theorized that there is no significant relationship between the
encouragement of the men and the women in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The researchers
also hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the socioeconomic status
and educational attainment of the respondents and their encouragement.
The study used simple random sampling to select the respondents. A questionnaire was
utilized to collect data from the respondents, the collected data was then tabulated and the
researchers used z-test and Pearson’s r statistical treatment to analyze the data and formulate
verbal interpretations.
The results and conclusions show that Facebook is the most used social media platform
based on the responses. The respondents are encouraged by social media advertisements, posts
and online trends. There is no significant difference between the males and females'
encouragement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine with regards to social media. The
socioeconomic status and the social media encouragement of the respondents have no
significant relationship with one another.
The respondents selected the infographic as the mean of intervention for the problems
at hand in the study.
The recommendations however are strengthening the awareness of the public about
COVID-19 vaccinations, fact-check and be mindful about information concerning COVID-19
vaccination in social media, devising a plan or method to ensure that the public can have
assurances with how they are encouraged through social media, verification management in
social media in order to process the content of what the public believes and how they are
encouraged by such contents, and further research to verify the chosen means of intervention
or action plan.
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter consists of the researchers’ introduction to their study, the statement of the
problem, its scope and limitations, and its significance.
Introduction
According to Tuten and Solomon (2015), “Social media are the online means of
communication, conveyance, collaboration, and cultivation among interconnected and
interdependent networks of people, communities, and organizations enhanced by technological
capabilities”. Basically, it is the websites and applications that people use on a daily basis to
share content with other users. Social media can also be used effectively to communicate health
information to the general public during a pandemic. The analysis and dissemination of
information from peer-reviewed, published research can assist policymakers and public health
agencies in developing interventions for accurate and timely knowledge translation to the
general public. Through this information, citizens were able to decide whether or not to get
their vaccines.
At present, people around the world are widely aware about the vaccines that are
currently in effect as of now, vaccines like Moderna, SINOVAC, Astrazenica and other utilized
vaccines that counter the effects of COVID-19. However, there are some who seem to be
reluctant of vaccines and others express their refusal of getting vaccinated. Further observations
lead to the discovery that social media played a vital role in influencing most of the public’s
perception on the vaccines. According to Jamison et al (2020), there had been 2,000 active
Twitter accounts that participated in the discussion about the COVID-19 vaccines from the
year 2019. It was discovered that these accounts were divided into two parties, namely the
vaccine opponents and proponents. It was noted that the proponents of the vaccine were made
up mostly by health organizations, medical professionals, researchers, and even Twitter users
without any medical affiliations. Jamison continued to note that vaccine opponents have
disseminated a large portion of unreliable information about the vaccines that revolve around
conspiracy theories, rumors, and scams.
However, when it comes to encouraging adults to get their COVID-19 vaccines, social
media has both advantages and disadvantages. Some adults use these to quickly share important
new information, new scientific discoveries, and diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up
protocols. These also aided the public in obtaining information about the efficacy and
availability of the vaccine based on their location or preferred vaccine. They can use the
information they have to compare which vaccine is effective and suitable for them. Some adults
were encouraged to get their vaccines as well, as they observe the large number of people who
have already received them and assess the potential side effects.
The public's vaccine hesitancy is greatly influenced by social media. One of the
drawbacks of social media is that the information transmitted may be out of date, has not been
peer reviewed, is invalid, incorrect, irrelevant to our environment, or even false. The
information they read could also be intended to scare the public.
This study is implemented on adults from Calatagan's selected barangays. It aims to
determine how social media influences adults' decisions to receive vaccinations and to propose
an intervention to promote factual and legitimate information about COVID-19 vaccines to
them.
Background of the Study
Social media has become a foundation of communication throughout its development.
It has been years since its first release on the internet and it is now a crucial part of our society.
Many individuals have jobs in developing social media, new platforms are currently in the
development stage as of today. The social media platforms play a very vital role for our society,
even before the Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 pandemic. It serves as a form of communication,
socialization or in some cases, entertainment, what people may not know about this is that it
can also serve as a form of advertisement or encouragement through online means, especially
during a crisis like this.
Fast and efficient information dissemination is a must for a time where factual and
crucial information is necessary for the continued fight against the COVID-19 virus. As such,
social media became a critical factor when it came to spreading information to the public. In a
study conducted by Chan (2020), it was found that social media possessed the potential of
providing an effective and instant spread of information to the public regarding significant and
factual information about the on-going pandemic.
At present, people around the world are widely aware about the vaccines that are
currently in effect as of now, vaccines like Moderna, SINOVAC, Astrazenica and other utilized
vaccines that counter the effects of COVID-19. However, there are some who seem to be
reluctant of vaccines and others express their refusal of getting vaccinated. Further observations
lead to the discovery that social media played a vital role in influencing most of the public’s
perception on the vaccines. According to Jamison et al (2020), there had been 2,000 active
Twitter accounts that participated in the discussion about the COVID-19 vaccines from the
year 2019. It was discovered that these accounts were divided into two parties, namely the
vaccine opponents and proponents. It was noted that the proponents of the vaccine were made
up mostly by health organizations, medical professionals, researchers, and even Twitter users
without any medical affiliations. Jamison continued to note that vaccine opponents have
disseminated a large portion of unreliable information about the vaccines that revolve around
conspiracy theories, rumors, and scams.
The purpose of this study is to deliver a thorough explanation if social media influences
adults’ perception on the COVID-19 vaccines and how it encourages their choices in getting
vaccinated. Especially now that social media has become an even bigger platform due to the
pandemic as a source of information and entertainment for a lot of people.
Social media encourages every user, especially adults, to get vaccinated. It shows
evidence that the vaccines are safe, reliable and somewhat effective, which is factual. The
primary concern in this is if unvaccinated adults truly believe the false information about the
vaccines circulating in social media. How would they know if it is truly reliable? These are
some questions that need to be addressed, gaps that would need to be filled.
Conceptual Framework
Below is the paradigm of the conceptual framework of the study, which made use of
the Systems Approach with Input-Process-Output as framework for evaluation.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Demographic profile of the
respondents
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Economic Status
1.4 Educational Attainment Propose action

2. Social media platforms used by plan to promote
the respondents and the extent of factual and
their use. legitimate
3. Intensity of influence of the information about
aspects of social media on the • Data gathering the COVID-19
respondents • Questionnaire Vaccines to the
• Analysis of data Adults Residing
3.1 Advertisements
Selected
3.2 Posts Barangays of
3.3 Trends Calatagan
4. Significant difference between
the impact for the encouragement
of men and women to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine.
5.Relationship among the

educational attainment,
socioeconomic background, and
social media in regards to the
adults’ encouragement towards
COVID-19 Vaccinations.
Fig. 1 Paradigm of the Conceptual Framework about the Impact of Social Media on Adults’
Encouragement to Receive COVID-19 Vaccinations in Selected Barangays of Calatagan
The conceptual paradigm of this study explains the process involved in developing the
system and desired output or result.
Frame 1 - Shows the input which includes the Demographic profile of the respondents,
the assessment of respondents in getting COVID-19 vaccine, social media platforms
used by the respondents and the extent of their use, intensity of influence of the aspects
of social media on the respondents, Significant difference between the impact for the
encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, relationship
among the educational attainment, socioeconomic background, and social media in
regards to the adults’ encouragement towards COVID-19 Vaccinations.
Frame 2 - Presents the process of the study, which includes data gathering, questionnaire,
and analysis of data.
Frame 3 - Shows the output, which includes the Propose action plan to promote factual
and legitimate information about the COVID-19 Vaccines to the Adults Residing
Selected Barangays of Calatagan.
Statement of the Problem
This study seeks to determine the impacts of social media on adults’ encouragement to
receive COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of Calatagan. Specifically, it aims to
answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 ) Age
1.2 ) Gender
1.3 ) Economic Status
1.4 ) Educational Attainment
2. What are the social media platforms used by the respondents and the extent of their
use?
3. What is the intensity of influence of the aspects of social media on the respondents in
terms of:
3.1 Advertisements
3.2 Posts
3.3 Trends
4. Is there significant difference between the impact of social media for the
encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
5. What is the relationship among the educational attainment, socioeconomic background,
and social media with regards to the adults’ encouragement towards COVID-19
vaccinations?
6. What intervention can be proposed to promote factual and legitimate information about
the COVID-19 vaccines to the adults residing in the selected barangays of Calatagan?
Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested in the present study at 0.05 level of significance:
1. There is no significant difference between the impact of social media for the
encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
2. There is no significant correlation between educational attainment, socioeconomic
background, and social media with regards to the adults’ encouragement towards
COVID-19 vaccinations.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation to whether factors like social
media affect or influence adults’ perceptions regarding the COVID-19 vaccines. The
researchers believe that the results of this study can provide data on how social media may or
may not have an influence on adults and their perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccinations. As
such, the findings of this study can prove to be beneficial for the following:
Calatagan Rural Health Unit and Other Health Care Facilities. The study will be
helpful to the Calatagan RHU and other health care facilities in figuring out the reasons why
some Calatagueños, particularly the ones residing in Central Calatagan, are still wary of the
COVID-19 vaccines and refuse to get vaccinated.
Vulnerable Groups of the Community. The study will be beneficial in deducing the
vulnerable groups of the community that are not often aware of reliable information about the
COVID-19 vaccines and are susceptible to hearsays and fake news.

General Public. There is no doubt that most of the general public relies on social media
for information. With this study, interventions may be created to further ensure that health and
COVID-19 vaccine related content seen by social media users are valid and reliable.
Furthermore, the study may lead to a discovery of means that can diminish the circulation of
fake news regarding the vaccines.
Future Researchers. This will serve as another possible reference material for future
researchers who intend to conduct a similar research regarding the impact of social media
platforms on the perceptions of adults regarding the COVID-19 vaccines and vaccinations.
Scope and Delimitation
The scope of the study focuses on the impact of social media on adult’s encouragement
to receive COVID-19 vaccinations. It involves the time, the tools/materials used and the
number of respondents needed for the study to be completed. The main objective of this study
is to find out how social media impacts the encouragement of adult citizens to receive COVID-
19 vaccinations.
The study is only limited to forty-six (46) adults who live in selected barangays of
Calatagan which includes the following barangays: Lucsuhin, Biga, Sambungan, Real, and
Paraiso as the respondents of this study.

Definition of Terms
For clarification, the following terms were conceptually and operationally used in this
study:
Conceptual Definition:
COVID-19. Coronavirus disease 2019, a highly contagious disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Encouragement. it is the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope.
Influence. It is the capacity to affect the character, development, or behavior of
someone or something, or the effect itself.
Social Media. It refers to a computer-based technology that facilitates sharing ideas,
thoughts, and information through virtual networks and communities.
Vaccine. A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide
immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its
products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.
Operational Definition:
COVID-19. It refers to a potentially severe, primarily respiratory illness caused by a
coronavirus characterized by fever, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Encouragement. It refers to adults’ state of motivation, determination, and willingness
to receive COVID-19 vaccinations.

Influence. The power or capacity of social media on adults’ encouragement to receive
COVID-19 vaccinations.
Social Media. It refers to the websites and apps like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter
that allow people to share content quickly and easily.
Vaccine. It is a substance designed to provide acquired immunity against the virus that
causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2).
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and study which will help us to familiarize
information with the present study.
Conceptual Literature
Concepts are discussed in the following reviews on 1) Social Media as a means of
information dissemination, 2) COVID-19 vaccines, and 3) encouragement.
Social Media as a Means of Information Dissemination. Social media is becoming the
platform of choice for public opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards various events or
public health policies regarding COVID 19. It has become a pivotal communication tool for
governments, organizations, and universities to disseminate crucial information to the public
(Tsao, 2021). It is said that numerous studies have reportedly used social media data to help
identify and diagnose infectious disease epidemics as well as assess public attitudes, actions,
and perceptions. However, Goel and Gupta (2020) states that information may not be instantly
reliable because it is freely accessible and available. In an unregulated maze, information
structures based on erroneous hypotheses can readily make their way to a naive audience,
resulting in the creation of many myths before facts can be conveyed. Furthermore, the authors
detect material that is being propagated from dubious sources, with differing levels of
disinformation being found on each platform. Information from both credible and doubtful
sources, on the other hand, does not show any differences in dissemination patterns. Finally,
platform-dependent numerical estimates of rumor amplification are provided (Cinelli et al.,
2020).
Argyris (2021) stated that visual content such as photos, videos and even memes on
social media are often accepted more than posts that are mostly text. These posts are found to
be processed, accepted without question, and remembered more by users. As such, this led to
social media users being often led to believe the visual posts accompanied by exaggerated
vaccination injuries. Additionally, Argyris also pointed out that social media has grown to a
source of news that often provides users with information regarding health. Thus, the visual
aspect of social media bore significant associations with the people’s intentions of vaccinations
and other immunization practices. Argyris found that anti-vaccine posts on social media have
a negative impact on the intentions of users in getting vaccinated, though she also found that
there is no significant association between the intention of users of getting vaccinated and pro-
vaccine posts on social media.
COVID-19 Vaccines. Safe and efficient vaccines, together with other measures, are critical
instruments for protecting people against COVID-19, saving lives and reducing wide-scale
social disturbance, according to the World Health Organization (n.d.). Countries and localities
in the Western Pacific Region have already received regulatory permission and have begun
distributing COVID-19 vaccinations in one or more doses. Furthermore, WHO stated that first
vaccinations should be prioritized in each country for people who are most at risk of infection,
such as health professionals, the elderly, and those with severe health problems. Once priority
individuals have received COVID-19 vaccines, countries must vaccinate other priority
individuals as well as the broader public. It is critical to get vaccinated as soon as possible and
to keep up with other precautionary measures.

Encouragement. According to Wong (2014), encouragement can improve the quality of
counseling practice as well as practical applications in other areas of psychology. Furthermore,
he defined encouragement as an act of interpersonal communication, a character strength, and
an ecological group norm at various levels.
The previously stated concepts all possess a significant relationship with the present
study conducted by the researchers. The study aimed to determine the impacts of social media
on adults’ encouragement to receive COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of
Calatagan. Thus, the importance of first forming an understanding of the concepts related to
the study itself.
Related Studies
Individual, interpersonal, and/or structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccination,
according to Amit et al. (2022), can all interact to influence decision-making. Individual
perceptions play a significant role in the decision to vaccinate, and these perceptions are shaped
by media, community, and health-care system exposure to both information and
misinformation. Due to their rapid spread through social media and sensationalism in
traditional media, vaccine brand hesitancy and misinformation are common in the Philippines.
Wilson and Wiysonge (2020) found that foreign disinformation campaigns contribute
to the decline of vaccination coverage. It was also mentioned that such campaigns are
associated with the negative outlook on vaccines in social media platforms. Utilizing social
media to organize campaigns that spread anti-vaccine content led to the rise of vaccine
hesitancy and further cementing the belief that vaccines are unsafe onto the users of social
media. In the study of Xin et al. (2021), it was concluded that the public’s view bears a similar
importance as professional views when it came to COVID-19 vaccination intentions. This was
found through the comparison of the results of the frequent interpersonal discussions among
medical professionals and among non-medical individuals respectively.
Alfatease et al. (2021) discovered that in Saudi Arabia's Aseer region, the majority of
the 613 persons they surveyed possessed a high degree of awareness when it came to
information about COVID-19 vaccinations through social media. The study also emphasized
that social media is an effective means to disseminate up-to-date scientific information
regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, therefore the government must utilize it properly to provide
aid to the people with regards to their decisions about vaccinations. Similarly, Chan et al.
(2020) stated that social media holds the potential to be used to effectively and rapidly provide
the public with important information.
According to a study conducted by Superio et al. (2021), college students regard
mass media as their primary, most believable, and preferred source of information. As a result,
it can be used to disseminate reliable and credible information about the COVID-19 pandemic
in order to educate and reduce public fear.
Misinformation regarding the COVID-19 vaccines on social media platforms
contribute to the further hesitancy of social media users in getting vaccinated (Muric et al.,
2021). Additionally, the misinformation in social media about vaccines could lead to a decline
in the progress of obtaining the goal of herd immunity from the COVID-19 virus as well as
could increase the amount of COVID-19 cases from its variants.

Synthesis
This section presents the relevance of the reviewed concepts and the similarities and
differences of the literatures reviewed with the present study.
Due to the ongoing pandemic, the government and other health institutions tried their
best to seek solutions that can stop the spread of the virus. Through various research and
studies, they were able to develop COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccinations are very
essential nowadays, this helps to fight the virus and strengthen our immune system. This is the
reason why everyone opted to receive one. Relative thereto, social media is one of the many
factors associated with the people’s encouragement to get vaccinated. It is where they acquire
and get information, they need to know and learn more about the current situation about
COVID-19.
According to Amit et al., vaccine brand hesitancy and misinformation are common in
the Philippines due to people’s exposure to the information on media, community, and health
care systems. These shapes the perception of an individual which plays an important role in
their decision-making whether to have the vaccine or not. They also added that individual,
interpersonal and structural barriers can be one of the factors that can influence the decision-
making of an individual in getting COVID-19 vaccine.
In the literature written by Argyris, it is stated that anti-vaccine posts on social media
has a negative impact on the intentions of users in getting vaccinated, though she also found
that there is no significant association between the intention of users of getting vaccinated and
pro-vaccine posts on social media. Likewise, Wilson and Wiysonge found that such campaigns
are associated with the negative outlook on vaccines in social media platforms. Utilizing social
media to organize campaigns that spread anti-vaccine content led to the rise of vaccine
hesitancy and further cementing the belief that vaccines are unsafe onto the users of social
media.
On the other hand, Alfatease et al. discussed that social media is an effective means to
disseminate up-to-date scientific information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine; therefore, the
government must utilize it properly to provide aid to the people with regards to their decisions
about vaccinations. Similarly, Chan et al. stated that social media holds the potential to be used
to effectively and rapidly provide the public with important information. In the study of Superio
et al., college students agreed that the mass media is one of their primary, reliable, and preferred
sources of information which means that it can be a great tool to spread factual information to
reduce the fear and hesitancy of the public about COVID-19 vaccines.
In addition, Muric et al. specified that misinformation regarding the COVID-19
vaccines on social media platforms contribute to the further hesitancy of social media users in
getting vaccinated. Moreover, the misinformation in social media about vaccines could lead to
a decline in the progress of obtaining the goal of herd immunity from the COVID-19 virus as
well as could increase the amount of COVID-19 cases from its variants.
The discussed literature and studies are related to the present study wherein the
researchers talked about the influence of social media platforms to the encouragement of social
media users to get their COVID-19 vaccine. They also pointed out how misinformation that
users read led to many people declining and hesitant to be vaccinated. In addition, the studies
showed that utilization of social media platforms to provide and spread facts and reliable
information would be a great help to increase the number of people that are COVID-19
vaccinated.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the utilized research design, the participants of the study, the data
gathering instruments and procedures used, and the statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
The study utilized the descriptive research design. The proponents found this type of
research design appropriate for it is aligned with the study’s objectives of assessing the impact
of social media on the adults of the selected barangays in Calatagan’s encouragement on getting
COVID-19 vaccinations. According to Shuttleworth (2008), descriptive research design is a
scientific method that entails the observation and description of the behavior of a subject of
interest without affecting or influencing its nature.
Participants of the Study
The study is based on simple random sampling. The respondents are composed of 46
adults who are currently citizens of the selected barangays in Calatagan. The researchers
utilized Google forms in order to practice safe procedures and conducted the survey online.
Data Gathering Instrument
The instruments used by the researchers to gather data were online survey
questionnaires. The researcher-made questionnaires are composed of statements and questions
which can help identify the impact of social media on adults’ encouragement to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine.
Regarding the construction of the questionnaire, in order to determine intensities,
significant differences, relationships and possible interventions, the researchers came up with
various statements in which the respondents can either agree or disagree to which points out
the said objectives (intensities, significant differences, relationships and possible
interventions).
Validation of the content. The questionnaire formulated by the researchers was
validated by professionals in respective fields. The researchers had full trust and cooperation
with the professionals in order to ensure that the questionnaire was efficient and up to standards.
In terms of administration, after validation, the researchers administered the online
questionnaires to the respondents. The respondents were adult citizens in selected barangays
of Calatagan. The online questionnaires were administered through Google form links to ensure
zero-contact for safety purposes and COVID protocols.
Scoring. Data collected from the questionnaire were properly collected, tabulated and
interpreted. The researchers used the likert scale to identify and measure the social media
platforms used by the respondents and the extent of their use as well as the intensity of influence
of the aspects of social media on the respondents in terms of ads, posts and trends. The scale
used the following responses:
SCALE RANGE INTERPRETATION

4 3.51-4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51-3.00 Agree
2 1.1-2.00 Disagree
1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers utilize qualitative data collection that relies on a sampling method that
uses survey questionnaires to identify the impacts of social media on adults’ encouragement to
receive COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of Calatagan.
After validating the instrument, the researchers sent a written request to the adult
respondents. After receiving permission, the researchers explained the study's purpose to the
participants and stressed the importance of their participation.
The researchers gathered data using survey questionnaires validated by the subject
teacher. They administered and retrieved the questionnaires to the selected respondents through
online messaging apps like Messenger and email. Subsequently, they analyzed and interpreted
the gathered data to identify the effects of social media on adults' encouragement to receive
COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of Calatagan.

Statistical Treatment of Data
The result will be gathered from the assessment on the responses on the impact of social
media on adult’s encouragement to receive COVID-19 vaccinations will be tallied, analyzed,
and interpreted.
Frequency. This was used to identify the initial count of the response of each
respondent with regards to the indicators in the questionnaire.
Percentage. This was applied to determine the part taken by the specific response in
the relation to the whole population.
Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the general answer of respondents of the
study among the indicators presented.
z-test. It is used to determine the significant difference between the impact of social
media for the encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
Pearson’s r. It is used to determine the relationship among the educational attainment,
socioeconomic background, and social media with regards to the adults’ encouragement
towards COVID-19 vaccinations.

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered from the instrument utilized by the researchers.
It also shows the interpretation of data from the statistical analyses conducted within the study.
I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 4.1
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage
18-27 24 52.17%
28-37 10 21.74%
38-47 7 15.22%
48-57 4 8.7%
58 and older 1 2.17%
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 23 50%
Female 23 50%
Prefer not to say 0 0%
Economic Status Frequency Percentage
Below 10K 18 39.13%
10K-20K 10 21.74%
20K-40K 16 34.78%
40K above 2 4.35%
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
Elementary Undergraduate 0 0%
Elementary Graduate 0 0%
High School Undergraduate 3 6.52%
High School Graduate 15 32.61%
College Undergraduate 7 15.22%
College Graduate 21 45.65%
Total 46 100%
Table 4.1 showed that the majority of the respondents belonged to the 18 to 27 range
of age which accounts for twenty-four (24) respondents and 52.17% of the total sample. Ten
(10) respondents, or 21.74%, are 28-37 years old. Seven (7) respondents, or 15.22%, are 38-47
years old. Four (4) respondents, or 8.70%, are 48-57 years old. Lastly, one (1) respondent, or
2.17%, is 58 and older.
In terms of sex, the respondents were evenly distributed. Twenty-three (23) of the
respondents, accounting for 50%, were male, and twenty-three (23) of the respondents, also
representing 50%, were female. Whereas the prefer not to say option was not chosen by the
respondents thus amounting to zero.
On the other hand, when it comes to the respondents’ economic status, it can be seen
that eighteen (18) or 39.13% of the respondents have a monthly income of below 10k. Ten
(10) respondents, or 21.74%, earn 10k-20k per month. Sixteen (16) respondents, or 34.78%,
earn 20k-40k monthly. Finally, two (2) respondents, or 4.35%, have a monthly income of 40k
above.
Lastly, the data show that almost half of the respondents are college graduates in terms
of educational attainment amounting to 45.65% or twenty-one (21) respondents. Three (3)
respondents, accounting for 6.52%, are high school undergraduates. Fifteen (15) respondents,
representing 32.61%, are high school graduates. Finally, seven (7) respondents, or 15.22%, are
college undergraduates.
II. Respondents’ Preferred Social Media Platforms and the Extent of Their Use
For years, social media has steadily grown into one of the most prominently used
platforms of information dissemination all over the world. According to Rogers (2019), social
media is universally a part of mankind’s day-to-day life. It is a form of communication that
enables individuals and other groups or organizations the opportunity to connect with a much
broader audience.
Table 4.2.
Respondents’ Preferred Social Media Platforms and the Extent of Their Use
Verbal
Social Media Platform Weighted Mean Ranking
Interpretation
Facebook 3.78 Always 1
Instagram 2.5 Sometimes 3
Twitter 2.33 Seldom 5
YouTube 3.09 Sometimes 2
TikTok 2.37 Seldom 4
Reddit 1.24 Never 10
Discord 1.33 Never 9
Telegram 1.54 Seldom 6.5
Pinterest 1.54 Seldom 6.5
Snapchat 1.41 Never 8
Others 1.48 Never 7
Composite 2 Seldom
In relation to the present study, the researchers provided a list of social media platforms
that the respondents might be familiar with. The extent of the respondents’ use of these social
media platforms was also assessed as shown in Table 4.2.
It was found that Facebook was the highest-ranking social media platform utilized by
the respondents with the weighted mean of 3.78. The second most used social media platform
is Youtube with a weighted mean of 3.09 followed by Instagram as the third with the weighted
mean of 2.5. Platforms such as Twitter, TikTok, Telegram, and Pinterest are seldom used by
the respondents with weighted means of 2.33, 2.37, 1.54, and 1.54 respectively. Lastly, the
platforms of Reddit, Discord, Snapchat, and other social media platforms noted by the
respondents were least or never utilized at all with each a weighted mean of 1.24, 1.33, 1.41,
and 1.48 respectively.
From the results, it could be seen that social media is largely a part of the respondents’
lives. Social media, along mankind, evolved through the years as one of the primary means of
information to date. Cited by Tsao (2021), social media has become a pivotal communication
tool for governments, organizations, and universities to spread essential information to the
public.
Thus, it was found by the researchers that the social media platform that is always used
by the majority of the sample population was Facebook.

III. Intensity of Influence of the Aspects of Social Media on the Respondents
It is already an undeniable fact that social media can influence the minds of its various
users. Considering the current or past situations our society has been in, social media has been
utilized in different aspects of the community, like in businesses, education, marketing, etc..
That being said, social media influences the users with different aspects and methods. As cited
by Gonzales (2020), Never before in human history has it been possible to communicate so
quickly during a pandemic, social media platforms have been a key piece for the dissemination
of information; however, there are multiple advantages and disadvantages that must be
considered.
In connection with this, the researchers focused on three (3) main aspects of social
media which has the most influence on the users. These are advertisements, posts and trends
These aspects are contents of various social media platforms whose purpose is to
advertise, spread information, encourage and entertain on a certain level. In this case, it can be
stated how these aspects influenced the users with receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
3.1 Advertisements
Advertisements, or ads for short, are a part of the internet which has an annoying
reputation. Advertisements include pop-ups in videos and sites, unskippable ads in YouTube,
the sponsored ads in Facebook timelines, long commercials in TV programs and many more,
thus its annoying reputation. Despite advertisements having an annoying reputation, it can still
uphold its purpose of advertising certain products and/or services.

The influence of advertisements on adults to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was
assessed in this study. Respondents were given statements on how they were encouraged by
advertisements.
Table 4.3.1
Influence of Advertisements on the Encouragements of Adults to Receive the COVID-19
Vaccine
Statement No. Weighted Verbal
Mean Interpretation
1. I am encouraged by the advertisements I 3.43 Agree
see online to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
2. I am encouraged by advertisements that 3.26 Agree
show the advantages of the COVID-19
vaccines.
3. I am encouraged by advertisements created 3.48 Agree
by medical professionals to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine.
show how getting vaccinated can be beneficial
for the whole society.
5. I am encouraged by celebrities or icons 2.98 Agree
who advertises receiving the COVID-19
vaccine.
show how fatal COVID-19 can be.
7. I am encouraged to receive the COVID-19 3.43 Agree
vaccine by advertisements that states health
benefits.
8. I am encouraged by advertisements that is 3.39 Agree
detailed with information and evidence on the
pros and cons of receiving the COVID-19
vaccine.
vaccine because of how frequent I see
advertisements regarding this.
10. I am encouraged to receive the COVID-19 3.52 Strongly Agree
vaccine by advertisements created by the
government or the DOH.
Composite Mean 3.1 Agree
To discuss the given statements, the respondents are in fact encouraged by
advertisements they see online and advertisements that show the advantages in regards to
receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The respondents have also agreed that they are encouraged
by advertisements created by medical professionals as well as advertisements that provide a
wider insight on how getting vaccinated can be beneficial to the entire community. In light of
these events, they also agreed that they are encouraged by celebrities who advertise getting
vaccinated. The respondents are encouraged by advertisements that show how fatal the
coronavirus can be.
In a brighter point-of-view, the respondents are encouraged by advertisements that state
the health benefits of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This indicates one of the most positive
advantages of advertisements. Meanwhile, from a more logical point-of-view, the respondents
are encouraged by advertisements that provide information, evidence, advantages and
disadvantages of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The respondents have also agreed that they
are encouraged because of how frequent they see advertisements regarding such topics.
On a larger note, the respondents strongly agreed with being encouraged by
advertisements made by government facilities like the Department of Health (DOH). To
summarize, the respondents clearly agree that advertisements influence the encouragement of
adults to receive the covid-19 vaccine as it garnered a composite mean of 3.1. Therefore, adults
are encouraged by advertisements to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

3.2 Posts
Posts are the most common activity that social media users do online. They either
upload a post or share a post for more and more users to see and interact with. Posts exist on
different social media platforms like Facebook which consists of photos and status updates,
Twitter which consists of tweets (statements about a common topic), Instagram which consists
of uploaded images, YouTube which consists of posted videos and many other various social
media platforms.
According to K. Lucibello et al. (2021), there has been a surge in social media posts
during the self-isolation and lock-downs associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. This
indicates how the pandemic caused a surge in social media activity within the past years. The
influence of social media posts on the respondents of this study to receive the COVID-19
vaccine was assessed. Respondents were given statements on how they were encouraged by
such social media posts and their responses were recorded.

Table 4.3.2
Influence of Posts on the Encouragement of Adults to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine
Mean Interpretation
1. I am encouraged to receive COVID-19 3.28 Agree
vaccinations by the posts that I see regarding their
effectiveness.
2. I am encouraged to get the vaccine because of the 3.46 Agree

posts regarding the climbing rate of COVID-19
cases.
3. I am encouraged by the posts of medical 3.52 Strongly Agree

professionals about the importance of receiving
COVID-19 vaccinations in achieving herd
immunity.
4. I am encouraged by the posts of my family and 3.37 Agree

close friends to get vaccinated.
5. I am encouraged by posts that shows the relevance 3.33 Agree

of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
6. I am encouraged by the posts about vaccinations 3.35 Agree

having a positive impact on flattening the COVID-
19 curve.
7. I am encouraged to receive COVID-19 3.33 Agree

vaccinations by the social media posts stating that
vaccination is becoming mandatory in more places,
including places for travel, access to
religious/worship settings, schools, and commercial
buildings.
8. I am encouraged to get vaccinated by the posts 3.41 Agree

regarding how it contributes to community
protection.
9. I am encouraged to get COVID-19 vaccines by 3.39 Agree

the posts stating that fully vaccinated people do not
need to quarantine to travel domestically or locally.
10. Seeing posts from my favorite celebrities and 2.96 Agree

influencers about them getting vaccinated
encourages me to do the same.
Composite Mean 3.1 Agree

To assess the contents of table 4.3.2, the researchers analyzed the responses. The
respondents are influenced by posts that showcase the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine,
the climbing rate of cases of COVID-19 and the relevance of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
The respondents agreed that they are encouraged by posts created by medical professionals
about the importance of receiving COVID-19 vaccinations in achieving herd immunity
(beneficial to the entire community). They are also encouraged by social media posts by their
family, relatives and close friends to get vaccinated. The respondents are encouraged as well
by posts that state how vaccinations can have a positive impact on flattening the curve and
social media posts stating that vaccinations are becoming mandatory in more places.
In a similar perspective, the respondents are focused on how the vaccinations can be
beneficial not only to themselves but to the entire community as well. The respondents agreed
that they are encouraged by social media posts regarding how the COVID-19 vaccines
contribute to community protection.
Aside from the beneficial aspects of encouragement, there are aspects that deem how
getting vaccinated can make life not only safer, but easier as well. The respondents are
encouraged to get COVID-19 vaccines by the posts stating that fully vaccinated people do not
need to be quarantined to travel domestically or locally. The respondents also agreed that they
are encouraged by the posts their favorite celebrities or influencers post relating to the COVID-
19 vaccine. Therefore, adults are encouraged by posts to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
3.3 Trends
A trend is a more different aspect of social media. A trend can be anything, clothes,
posts, quotes, songs, basically anything that is currently famous with people, it’s trendy hence
the term “trends”. In this study, the researchers focused on social media trends that suddenly
became well-known during the pandemic, relevant trends that focused on the well-being of
internet users during isolation and lock-downs.
As cited by G. Hall et al. (2021) the world is experiencing an extraordinary, life-altering
challenge due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries have become accustomed to a new
normal-”social distancing” and “shelter in place” are now a part of everyday vernacular and
life. It is hard to predict exactly when the COVID-19 pandemic will subside, and communities
will return to normal function; it may be some time before that occurs. One thing that we do
not currently know is what lasting effects the COVID-19 pandemic will have on behavior
patterns once life begins to return to normal.
The influence of social media posts on the respondents of this study to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine was assessed in this study. Respondents were given statements on how
they were encouraged by such social media trends and their responses were recorded.
Table 4.3.3
Influence of Trends on the Encouragement of Adults to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine
Mean Interpretation
vaccination since I saw many people getting
one in different social media.
2. I am encouraged by the thought that I can’t 3.37 Agree
travel unlike the ones I saw on social media.
3. I am encouraged by the trending articles and 3.33 Agree
posts regarding the positive impact of vaccines.
4. I am encouraged to get the vaccine so that I 3.02 Agree
can relate to others who already got theirs.
5. I am encouraged by the thought that I will be 3.17 Agree
one of the unvaccinated people in the
community.
6. I am not encouraged to get vaccinated 2.78 Agree
because there still many who haven’t received
theirs.
7. The trending hashtags online (Twitter, 3.00 Agree
Facebook, Instagram, etc.) about the COVID-
19 vaccine influenced my encouragement to get
vaccinated.
8. I am encouraged to get my COVID 19 2.96 Agree
vaccine because I want to attend parties hold by
my friends.
9. I am not encouraged to get vaccinated 2.67 Agree
because my circle of friends don't want it.
10. Like my friends on social media, I want to 2.83 Agree
join the trend and post my vaccination hashtags.
Composite Mean 3 Agree
Table 4.3.3 showcases the responses of the respondents when it comes to how they are
encouraged by trends to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The respondents are encouraged
because they see many people online getting vaccinated and they believe that they won’t be
able to travel like the vloggers they see online unless they get vaccinated. The adults also agree
that they are encouraged by trending articles and posts that show the positive impact of vaccines
and that they feel a need to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in order to relate to other vaccinated
citizens. A number of adults are encouraged by the thought that he/she will be one of the
unvaccinated people in the community, similar to this, a number of the respondents are
encouraged because they fear those who are not yet vaccinated. Meanwhile, the respondents
are also encouraged to receive the COVID-19 vaccine because they were influenced by the
hashtags on different social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.. The
respondents agreed that they want to join the vaccination hash-tags with regards to vaccination
programs. In addition, the respondents are encouraged to get vaccinated because they want to
attend parties with friends but in this case, they are not encouraged to get vaccinated because
their circle of friends don’t want it. To conclude, trending articles, posts, thoughts of being
unvaccinated and not being able to travel, hash-tags, and being able to relate to other vaccinated
citizens are great influences to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
Apart from the mentioned factors, the circle of friends may hold the greatest influence
within the list. This is because certain individuals are influenced by their circle of friends
regarding their decisions, in this case, getting vaccinated is included within those influenced
decisions. As stated, the respondents are not encouraged to get vaccinated because their circle
of friends don’t want it, this proves how a circle of friends can be influential for a single or
multiple adult/s.
Therefore, adults are encouraged by trends to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

IV. Significant Difference Between the Encouragement of Men and Women
This study aimed to determine if there was ever a significant difference between men
and women’s point-of-views and encouragement in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
Table 4.4
The Difference Between the Males and Females’ Encouragement of the COVID-19
Vaccinations
z-critical p-value Alpha Decision Interpretation
Male Failed to
1.959964 0.074436 0.05 Not significant
Female reject Hₒ
Table 4.4 showcases that there is no significant difference between the males and
females' encouragement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The computed p-value of 0.074436
indicates that the decision was that the results failed to reject the null hypothesis, the researchers
were able to formulate a conclusion from the created tabulations. From the conducted z-test, it
appears that there is no significant difference between the males and females' encouragement
to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
V. Relationship of Educational Attainment, Socioeconomic Status and Social Media
The study aimed to tackle how there was a connection or a relationship between the
current variables of this study and social media. It was discussed how social media encourages
users in different aspects. Considering how there are various users of social media, the
researchers decided to indicate if a relationship exists between educational attainment,
socioeconomic status and social media.

Table 4.5
Pearson’s r Results Regarding the Correlation of the Respondents’ Educational
Attainment and Socioeconomic Status, and Social Media Encouragement with Regards
to the COVID-19 Vaccinations
r-value p-value Alpha Decision Interpretation
Socioeconomic
Status v. Social Failed to
0.1846 0.219391 0.05 Not significant
Media reject Hₒ
Encouragement
Educational
Failed to
Attainment v. -0.0473 0.756433 0.05 Not significant
reject Hₒ
Social Media
Encouragement
Educational
Rejected the
Attainment v. 0.6688 < 0.00001 0.05 Significant
Hₒ
Socioeconomic
Status
Table 4.5 shows that the socioeconomic status and the social media encouragement of
the respondents bore no significant relationship with one another with the resulting p-value of
0.219391. Additionally, there is also no significant relationship found between the educational
attainment of the respondents and their social media encouragement on the COVID-19
vaccinations with a resulting p-value of 0.756433. However, it was found that the educational
attainment and the socioeconomic status of the respondents have a significant relationship with
one another. In this pairing with the p-value of < 0.00001, it resulted in the rejection of the null
hypothesis.
VI. Proposed Intervention to promote factual and legitimate information about the
COVID-19 vaccines to the adults
The means of intervention is a proposed project that the respondents saw fit as a means
to solve the problem/s at hand. The means of intervention is an essential part of any research
paper and is a relevant part of its results. Apart from the numerical tabulated data and verbal
interpretations, the means of intervention serves as a proof or product of such studies.
The respondents were given choices on which means of intervention was best suited
for the given problems.
Table 4.6
Means of Intervention
Means of Intervention Frequency Percentage Rank
Informational Video 21 45.65% 2
Infographic 25 54.35% 1
Advertisement 10 21.74% 3.5
Learning Kits 10 21.74% 3.5
Others 1 21.17% 5
The respondents believed that the best mean of intervention for the study was
infographic, the second to the highest is the informational video. The advertisement and
learning kits tied and the choice with the lowest rate are other choices.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the significant findings and conclusions derived
from the results of the study. It also contains the recommendations endorsed based on the
conclusions of utmost importance.
Summary
This study determined the impacts of social media on adults’ encouragement to receive
COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of Calatagan.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 ) Age
1.2 ) Gender
1.3 ) Economic Status
1.4 ) Educational Attainment
2. What are the social media platforms used by the respondents and the extent of their
use?
3. What is the intensity of influence of the aspects of social media on the respondents in
terms of:
3.1 Advertisements
3.2 Posts
3.3 Trends
4. Is there significant difference between the impact of social media for the
encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
5. What is the relationship among the educational attainment, socioeconomic background,
and social media with regards to the adults’ encouragement towards COVID-19
vaccinations?
6. What intervention can be proposed to promote factual and legitimate information about
the COVID-19 vaccines to the adults residing in the selected barangays of Calatagan?
The research utilized the descriptive qualitative research approach through the use of
survey questionnaires to acquire the necessary data for the study. The questionnaires were
composed of questions and statements which can help to assess the impact of social media on
the adults of the selected barangays in Calatagan’s encouragement to get COVID-19
vaccinations. The twenty-three (23) male and twenty-three (23) female participants from the
selected barangays of Calatagan were randomly selected as the participants of the study. The
researchers used the statistical treatments: weighted mean and table to present the data for the
intensities of the responses among the indicators presented. A z-test was used to determine
whether there was a significant difference between the impact of social media on the
encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Pearson’s r test was used
to determine the relationship between educational attainment, socioeconomic background, and
social media in relation to adults' encouragement for COVID-19 vaccinations
Findings
Based on the results, the following were the essential findings of this study formulated
accordingly with the statement of the problem of the study:
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
The majority of the respondents fall under the range of age of 18 to 27 which accounts
for twenty-four (24) respondents and fifty-two-point seventeen percent (52.17%) of the total
sample. In terms of sex, the respondents were evenly distributed among the male and female
options amounting to each twenty-three respondents and fifty percent (50%) respectively.
When it came to the respondents’ economic status, it was found that eighteen (18) or thirty-
nine-point thirteen percent (39.13%) of the respondents have a monthly income of below 10k.
On the other hand, the results show that almost half of the respondents are college graduates in
terms of educational attainment amounting to forty-five-point sixty-five percent (45.65%) or
twenty-one (21) respondents.
2. Respondents’ Preferred Social Media Platforms and the Extent of Their Use
Social media has become an integral part of an individual’s life being one of the most
prominent ways of information dissemination and a way to connect as well as communicate

with others. The results of the study yielded a result that has proven the fact that social media
platforms are well-known and used by the general public. It was found from the analyzed data
that Facebook was first and most extensively used with a weighted mean of three point seventy-
eight (3.78).
3. Intensity of Influence of the Aspects of Social Media on the Respondents
3.1. Advertisements
Advertisements are a way of promoting various products and services to social media
users all over the world. It also aids in informing the public about important announcements
that may prove to be essential to their well-being – in the case of the present study, a way to
inform people about the importance and the real information about the COVID-19 vaccines.
This indicator yielded results within the study that adults were encouraged by advertisements
to undergo COVID-19 vaccinations.
3.2. Posts
Social media posts often contain information that users share with other users online.
There are times that such posts have the purpose of informing the public about certain topics
that may lead to influencing the opinions of whoever comes upon the posts. This could be
related to how posts on social media can encourage users to undergo COVID-19 vaccinations
– proven by the yielded results where the respondents agreed to all of the provided statements
with regards to the encouragement on social media posts regarding the COVID-19 vaccines.
3.3. Trends
Trends are considered as a more different aspect of social media. Twitter, for example,
has a system and listing of trends – topics that are popular both internationally and nationally.
The proponents of the study found that trends have an influence on the respondents’
encouragement on COVID-19 vaccinations. This was evident in the resulting composite mean
of three (3).
4. Significant Difference Between the Encouragement of Men and Women
Statistical analyses of data revealed that as per z-test results, there is no significant
difference between the encouragement of men and women prompted by social media with
regards to the COVID-19 vaccinations.
5. Relationship of Educational Attainment, Socioeconomic Status and Social Media
The statistical analyses of data based on the Pearson’s r test found that both
socioeconomic status and educational attainment have no relationship with the encouragement
of social media with regards to the COVID-19 vaccinations. However, it was also found that
the socioeconomic status and educational attainment of the respondents have a significant
relationship with one another based on the Pearson’s r results.
6. Means of Intervention
From the acquired and analyzed data from the conducted study, the researchers found
that the respondents believed that the best means of intervention was to promote factual and
legitimate information about the COVID-19 vaccines to the adults residing in the selected
barangays of Calatagan.
Conclusions
The summary of findings of the study yielded the following conclusions:
1. The respondents agree that they are encouraged by advertisements, posts and trends
when it came to the COVID-19 vaccinations.
2. That there is no significant difference between the encouragement of male and
female respondents when it came to COVID-19 vaccinations.
3. That both socioeconomic status and educational attainment of the respondents have
no significant relationship with the encouragement of social media with regards to
the COVID-19 vaccinations.
4. That infographics is the most preferred means of intervention of more than half the
respondents.
Recommendations
From the conclusions of the study, the researchers endorse the following recommendations:
1. Strengthening the awareness of the public about COVID-19 vaccinations through the
implementation of the distribution of relevant and reliable information about the
vaccines through the use of social media.
2. Fact-check and be mindful about information concerning COVID-19 vaccination in
social media.
3. Devising a plan or method to ensure that the public can have assurances with how
they are encouraged through social media.
4. Verification management in social media in order to process the content of what the
public believes and how they are encouraged by such contents.
5. Further research is advised in order to verify the chosen action plan or means of
intervention in order to identify if it was able to deliver the certain idea of how
social media can encourage the public regarding COVID-19 vaccinations.

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APPENDIX B
Questionnaire
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Age:___________
Sex:
▢ Male ▢ Female ▢ Prefer not to say
Economic Status (Average Salary in Peso):
▢ Below 10k ▢ 10k-20k ▢ 20k-40k ▢ 40k above Commented [FAS1]: Add nyu siguro discourse and
telegram ata yun, pinterest, snap chat.
Educational Attainment: Kahit 10 lang na social media then others na lang huli
▢ Elementary Undergraduate ▢ Elementary Graduate ▢ High School Undergraduate

▢ High School Graduate ▢ College Undergraduate ▢ College Graduate
II. SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND EXTENT OF USE

Directions: The following are the different social media platforms, kindly assess and rate the
extensiveness of your usage of this social media platform/s.
4- Always
3- Sometimes
2- seldom
1- never
Social Media Platform 4 3 2 1
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
YouTube
TikTok
Reddit
Discord
Telegram
Pinterest
Snapchat
Others;please specify:____________
III. INFLUENCE OF THE ASPECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Kindly select and assess the intensity of
influence of the aspects of social media on the respondents. Put a check (/) in the box that
correspond your response.
4 – Strongly Agree (SA) 2 – Disagree (D)
3 – Agree (A) 1- Strongly Disagree (SD)
1.1 ADVERTISEMENTS
Statements 4 3 2 1
1. I am encouraged by the advertisements I see
online to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
2. I am encouraged by advertisements that show
the advantages of the COVID-19 vaccines.
3. I am encouraged by advertisements created
by medical professionals to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine
how getting vaccinated can be beneficial for the
whole society.
5. I am encouraged by celebrities or icons who
advertises receiving the COVID-19 vaccine
how fatal COVID-19 can be.
7. I am encouraged to receive the COVID-19
vaccine by advertisements that states health
benefits. Commented [FAS2]: Add pa bunso siguro dito ng tig 3.
8. I am encouraged by advertisements that is
detailed with informations and evidence on the
pros and cons of receiving the COVID-19
vaccine.
vaccine because of how frequent I see
advertisements regarding this.
vaccine by advertisements created by the
government or the DOH.
1.2 POST
Statements 4 3 2 1
1. I am encouraged to receive COVID-19
vaccinations by the posts that I see regarding
their effectiveness.
2. I am encouraged to get the vaccine because
of the posts regarding the climbing rate of
COVID-19 cases.
3. I am encouraged by the posts of medical
professionals about the importance of receiving
COVID-19 vaccinations in achieving herd
immunity.
4. I am encouraged by the posts of my family
and close friends to get vaccinated.
5. I am encouraged by posts that shows the
relevance of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
6. I am encouraged by the posts about
vaccinations having a positive impact on
flattening the COVID-19 curve.
7. I am encouraged to receive COVID-19
vaccinations by the social media posts stating
that vaccination is becoming mandatory in
more places, including places for travel, access
to religious/worship settings, schools, and
commercial buildings.
8. I am encouraged to get vaccinated by the
posts regarding how it contributes to
community protection.
9. I am encouraged to get COVID-19 vaccines
by the posts stating that fully vaccinated people
do not need to quarantine to travel domestically
or locally.
10. Seeing posts from my favorite celebrities
and influencers about them getting vaccinated
encourages me to do the same.
1.3 TRENDS
Statements 4 3 2 1
vaccination since I saw many people getting
one in different social media.
2. I am encouraged by the thought that I can’t
travel unlike the ones I saw on social media.
3. I am encouraged by the trending articles and
posts regarding the positive impact of vaccines.
4. I am encouraged to get the vaccine so that I
can relate to others who already got theirs.
5. I am encouraged by the thought that I will be
one of the unvaccinated people in the
community.
6. I am not encouraged to get vaccinated
because there still many who haven’t received
theirs.
7. The trending hashtags online (Twitter,
Facebook, Instagram, etc.) about the COVID-
19 vaccine influenced my encouragement to get
vaccinated.
8. I am encouraged to get my COVID 19
vaccine because I want to attend parties hold by
my friends.
9. I am not encouraged to get vaccinated
because my circle of friends don't want it.
10. Like my friends on social media, I want to

join the trend and post my vaccination hashtags.
IV. What means of intervention will ease your worries/strengthen your resolve when it
comes to COVID-19 vaccinations? Kindly put a check on the option/s that you prefer.
▢ Informational Video
▢ Infographic
▢ Advertisement
▢ Learning Kits (Informational Modules/Flyer)
▢ Others; please specify __________________

Impact of Social Media To Adults On Covid Vaccinations

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Impact of Social Media To Adults On Covid Vaccinations

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Republic of the Philippines

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ADULTS’ ENCOURAGEMENT TO RECEIVE

COVID-19 VACCINATIONS IN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF CALATAGAN

A Research Paper Presented to the

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

encouragement. The encouragement aspects to social media come in the form of

The researchers theorized that there is no significant relationship between the

and educational attainment of the respondents and their encouragement.

significant relationship with one another.

at hand in the study.

COVID-19 vaccinations, fact-check and be mindful about information concerning COVID-19

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

problem, its scope and limitations, and its significance.

communication, conveyance, collaboration, and cultivation among interconnected and

interdependent networks of people, communities, and organizations enhanced by technological

conspiracy theories, rumors, and scams.

information they read could also be intended to scare the public.

This study is implemented on adults from Calatagan's selected barangays. It aims to

Background of the Study

Social media has become a foundation of communication throughout its development.

even before the Coronavirus-19 or COVID-19 pandemic. It serves as a form of communication,

during a crisis like this.

factual information about the on-going pandemic.

conspiracy theories, rumors, and scams.

pandemic as a source of information and entertainment for a lot of people.

the Systems Approach with Input-Process-Output as framework for evaluation.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.3 Economic Status

1.4 Educational Attainment Propose action

5.Relationship among the

system and desired output or result.

the assessment of respondents in getting COVID-19 vaccine, social media platforms

encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, relationship

among the educational attainment, socioeconomic background, and social media in

regards to the adults’ encouragement towards COVID-19 Vaccinations.

and analysis of data.

Selected Barangays of Calatagan.

Statement of the Problem

receive COVID-19 vaccinations in selected barangays of Calatagan. Specifically, it aims to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.3 ) Economic Status

1.4 ) Educational Attainment

encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine?

5. What is the relationship among the educational attainment, socioeconomic background,

encouragement of men and women to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

2. There is no significant correlation between educational attainment, socioeconomic

Significance of the Study

COVID-19 vaccines and refuse to get vaccinated.

COVID-19 vaccines and are susceptible to hearsays and fake news.

fake news regarding the vaccines.

Scope and Delimitation

Paraiso as the respondents of this study.

COVID-19. Coronavirus disease 2019, a highly contagious disease caused by the

Encouragement. it is the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope.

Influence. It is the capacity to affect the character, development, or behavior of

someone or something, or the effect itself.

Social Media. It refers to a computer-based technology that facilitates sharing ideas,

thoughts, and information through virtual networks and communities.

Vaccine. A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide

COVID-19. It refers to a potentially severe, primarily respiratory illness caused by a