Southern Luzon State University

College of Engineering
Lucban, Quezon

Amplitude Modulation

Group No.: ___13___

Course & Year: BSECE - II - GG
Submitted by: Abadilla, Christian Allan
Areston, Patricia
Bayan, Cristian Kylee
De Grano, Christela
Fajardo, Pia Ricci

Engr. JOEL ANTHONY L. SEVILLA

Instructor
I. INTRODUCTION

Amplitude modulation, or just AM, is one of the earliest modulation methods

that is used in transmitting information over the radio. This technique was devised in
the 20th century at a time when Landell de Moura and Reginald Fessenden were
conducting experiments using a radiotelephone in the 1900s. After successful attempts,
the modulation technique was established and used in electronic communication.
In general, amplitude modulation definition is given as a type of modulation
where the amplitude of the carrier wave varies in some proportion with respect to the
modulating data or the signal.
As for the mechanism, when amplitude modulation is used, there is a variation
in the amplitude of the carrier. Here, the voltage or the power level of the information
signal changes the amplitude of the carrier. In AM, the carrier does not vary in
amplitude. However, the modulating data is in the form of signal components
consisting of frequencies either higher or lower than that of the carrier.
The AM technique is totally different from frequency modulation and phase
modulation, where the frequency of the carrier signal is varied in the first case and in
the second one, the phase is varied.

II. OBJECTIVES

• Examine the main parameters of an amplitude modulated signal.

• Check the operation of an amplitude modulator.
• Carry out characteristic measurement on an amplitude modulator.

III. MATERIALS

• Oscilloscope
• Function Generator
• Power Supply
• Module
IV. PROCEDURE

1. Use the BALANCE MODULATOR 1 circuit.

2. Across the input CARRIER (TP7), apply a sine signal with about 1Vpp-amplitude
about 450KHz-frequency; this signal can be taken from the output of the VCO2
(TP18).
3. Connect at terminal TP8 and ground the function generator with sine wave, 0.5Vpp-
amplitude, 1KHz-frequency.
4. Turn the trimmer CARRIER NULL completely clockwise or counterclockwise, so
to “unbalance” the modulator and to obtain an AM signal with not suppressed
carrier across the output: LEVEL in intermediate position.
5. Connect the oscilloscope to the inputs of the modulator (TP7 and TP8) and detect
the carrier signal and the modulating signal.
6. Move the probe from TP7 to TP9 (output of the modulator).
7. Vary the amplitude of the modulating signal and check the 3 following modulation
percentage conditions inferior to a 100%, equal to a 100%, over a 100%
(overmodulation).
8. Vary the frequency and waveform of the modulating signal, and check the
corresponding variations of the modulated signal.
9. Vary the amplitude of the modulating signal and note that the modulated signal can
be saturated and in overmodulation.
10. Keep 1Vpp of carrier and 0.5Vpp of modulating; set the oscilloscope in X-Y
(X=0.2V/div, Y=0.5V/div). Connect the modulating signal (TP8) to the axis X, and
the modulated signal (TP9) to the axis Y.
11. There is a trapezium on the screen similar to the one of fig.910.5; this supplies the
envelope behavior of the amplitude. This display method enables to point out
eventual non-linearity or distortions of the modulated signal. Increase the amplitude
of the modulating signal and check how the saturation and overmodulation of the
modulated signal are displayed.

X
0.2v/div

Y
0.5v/div

Fig. 910.5 Linearity of modulator

V. DATA AND RESULT

Balance Modulation
Input Output
Amplitude 1 Vpp 1V
Frequency 450 kHz 369 kHz

Varying of Amplitude

At 100%
Input Output
Amplitude 1V 365 mV
Frequency 1 kHz 19 kHz
At 200%

Input Output
Amplitude 1.5 V 372 mV
Frequency 1 kHz 23.12 kHz

At 300%
Input Output
Amplitude 2V 374 mV
Frequency 1 kHz 23.7 kHz

Varying of the Waveform and Frequency

At 100% (Sine)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 356 mV
Frequency 2 kHz 18.86 kHz
At 100% (Square)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 272 mV
Frequency 2 kHz 25 kHz

At 100% (Triangle)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 258 mV
Frequency 2 kHz 25.1 kHz

At 200% (Sine)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 247 mV
Frequency 4 kHz 25.07 kHz
At 200% (Square)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 264 mV
Frequency 4 kHz 24.77 kHz

At 200% (Triangle)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 264 mV
Frequency 4 kHz 24.77 kHz

At 300% (Sine)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 270 mV
Frequency 5 kHz 24.77 kHz
At 300% (Square)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 278 mV
Frequency 6 kHz 24.70 kHz

At 300% (Triangle)
Input Output
Amplitude 0.5 V 264 mV
Frequency 6 kHz 24.62 kHz

X.Y Mode
 VI. OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

In making this experiment, we encountered multiple failures. First was, we failed

on varying and changing the forms of the waveform. We were also unable to displayed
the linearity of the modulator. To sum it all, our first trial in this experiment was
unsuccessful, so we end up repeating it. Later on, we found out that there must be a
problem in the module and power supply that we used, becoming one of the reasons
why we failed the experiment.
Finally, in our second time performing this experiment, we were able to
successfully vary and changed the waveform as well as successfully displaying the
linearity of the modulator.

VII. CONCLUSION

To conclude this experiment, amplitude modulation is a process by which the

wave signal is transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the signal. In addition, we
were able to varied different forms of waveform and successfully completed and
executed the experiment. In the end, we can say that this experiment tests the
knowledge and capability of the student about handling the oscilloscope, module,
function generator.

REFERENCE

Amplitude Modulation. (2019, October 7). BYJUS; Byju’s.

https://byjus.com/jee/amplitude-modulation/