Basic concepts of in ethics

THERE ARE FIVE PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS

1. autonomy -the state or condition of
self-governance or leading one’s life
according to reason,values or desire
that authenticating one’s own.

2.justice- justice means giving its

person what he or she deserves or in
more traditional terms,giving each
person his\her due.

3.beneficence- refers to actions that

promote the well-being of others.

4. Non maleficence -holds that there is

an obligation not to conflict harm on
other.
5. fidelity- its’ refers responsibility to
be loyal and truthful their relationship
with others.it include commitments
and trustworthiness.

Meaning of ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a

branch of philosophy that ‘involves
systematizing defending , and
recommending concepts of right and
wrong behavior”.. the field of ethics,
along with aesthetics,concerns
matter of value; these fields
comprise the branch of philosophy
called axiology.
Ethics also called moral philosophy ,
the discipline concerned with what is
morally good and band and morally
right and wrong. The term is also
 applied to and system of theory of
moral values or principle.

‘Richard William Paul and Linda Elder’

Define ethics as “a set of concept

and principles that guide us in
determining what behavior helps or
harms sentient creature”
Importance of ethics

Ethics is a topic often taught in philosophy

classes, although there are courses in
business ethics, professional ethics,
medical ethics, research ethics,
environmental ethics, and even bio-ethics
offered as well at various colleges and
universities. In fact, ethics comes up in
almost every course offered in college –
ethics is important across the entire
academic curriculum.

In essence, ethics is the study and practice

of what is good – what is moral – what is
best.

Ethics and truth are closely connected. An

ethical person follows the path of truth
and honesty. Great leaders adopted ethics
as a way of life. They preached and
practiced great virtue of truth and
honesty. Mahatma Gandhi once remarked
“God is Truth, and Truth is God”. Abraham
Lincoln, a great follower of ethical
standards once remarked “You can fool all
people for some time, some people all
time, but not all people all the time”.
Why Ethics is Important?
Ethics play an important role in
development of individuals, groups and
societies. High ethical standards are vital
for personality development of an
individual, and also for the wellbeing of
groups and society. The importance of
ethics is briefly explained as follows:
1. Dignified Life
Ethics enable a person to live with dignity.
The general society appreciates a person
who follows ethical practices. He attains a
distinguished status in the society.
2. Peace of Mind
It is said that ‘truth makes you free’. A
person who follows ethical practices is at
peace with himself.
3. Rewards
Truth always prevails. Those who are true
and honest get rewards such as
promotion or monetary incentives. They
are held in high esteem by their
colleagues, friends, neighbours and others.
4. Restricts Corruption
Ethical persons do not get involved in
corrupt practices. They also discourage
others to get involved in corrupt practices.
At present, there is rampant corruption in
every walk of life- in education, business,
politics, defence, judiciary, police, etc.
Corruption is a black-mark on the growth
and prosperity of a nation. Therefore, we need
ethical persons in every field. Teachers,
religious leaders, and others can play a good
role in developing ethics in the minds of
people.

5. Reduces Social Exploitation

Ethics help to reduce social exploitation of
workers, and other members of the society..
6. Social Upliftment
Ethical people work towards social upliftment
of the weaker sections of the society.
Deference between moral and non
moral standards

moral standards- those concerned

with or relating to human behavior,
especially the distinction between good
and bad behavior.

Example of moral standards

 Be kind to others.
 Be sincere while maintaining respect for the other.
 Give way when the road is narrow so that both can
pass.
 Be an honest person.
 Say hello when entering a place where there are
other people.
 Give priority to an ambulance or essential service that
needs to travel urgently.
 Do not take advantage of the limitations that another
person may have.
 Do not throw waste on the street.
 Help someone who needs it in a genuine way,
without wanting to take advantage or take advantage
of the situation.
 Be tolerant with others, even if they think differently.
  Achieve a job on your own merit and not because
you have a close friend who favors hiring or doing a
favor in exchange for the job.

Non moral standards - rules that are

unrelated to moral or ethical
Consideration

 Example

 Standards of etiquette by which we judge manners as good or

bad,
 Standards we call the law y which we judge something as legal
or illegal,
 And standards of aesthetics by which we judge art as good or
rubbish