5 STAGES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

COMPETENCY APPRAISAL
Pediatrics Day 1 INFANT 0 to 1
TODDLER 1 to 3
Growth and Development PRESCHOOL 3 to 6
SCHOOL AGE 6 to 12
QUANTITATIVE - increase in size and ADOLESCENT 12 to 18
height and circumferential development (
Chest, abdominal, head circumference) Theories affect growth and development
1. Psychosocial Theory - Erik
- WEIGHT means of kilos, pounds, ErickSON
grams 2. Psychosexual Theory - Sigmund
- HEIGHT means of Feet, Meters, Freud
inches and centimeters 3. Cognitive Development - Jean
Piaget
QUALITATIVE - Increase capacity to 4. Moral Development - Lawrence
function Kohlberg

1. SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

2. BODY LANGUAGE
3. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
4. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT (1st
incorporate)
5. SELF ESTEEM

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT

PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

What limits to growth and development?

- HEREDITY

● Follows pattern (Cephalocaudal,

Proximodistal, Gross to Refine,
General to Specific)
● Gross motor in simple task
● Refine motor in complex task

Significant Person/s
Infant - Primary Caregiver
Toddler - Parents (Other siblings RIVALS)
PreSchool - Family, Neighbors
School Age - Peers, Teacher
Adolescent - Peer group
Source of Fear
Infant - Stranger Anxiety
Toddler - Separation Anxiety
PreSchool - Mutilation or Castration
School Age - Teacher, Failure in school
Adolescent - Rejection, loss of privacy
Play
Infant - Solitary
Toddler - Parallel
PreSchool - Associative (role modeling)
School Age - Competitive
Adolescent - Competitive
Toys
Infant - Rattles
Toddler - Push and Pull
PreSchool - Building Blocks, Activity set
School Age - Board Games
Adolescent - Board Games and other
competitive games
Common Behavioral Indicators
Infant - Observer
G - Grows very fast ( WEIGHT → x2 in 6
mos., x3 in 1 year, x4 in 2 years old)
O - Oral
A - Amoral
T - Trust vs. Mistrust
S- Solitary, Sensory Motor, Stranger Anxiety
(S.A. appears 6 - 8(9) -12 months)
* Importance of stranger anxiety meaning the
infant has object permanence ---> The infant
can already remember
* If you meet the needs of the infant you
establish trust of the infant
*The infant conveys their needs by the
means of crying. (Discomfort, Attention,
Hunger)
*Infants meet his own needs by the means of
THUMBSUCKING → Unmeet oral needs
* Pacifier temporary to meet oral needs
* We can provide rattle to the infant between
4 & 5 (most common) and when the palmar
reflex or grasp reflex is already absent.
 Developmental Milestones in INFANTS
0 - 0 degrees (ability of the infant to lift their
head in the bed)
1 - 15 degrees
2 - 30 degrees
3 - 45 degrees
4 - 45 degrees (4 months above can leave
the infants in prone position)
*DX Sudden Infant Death Syndrome / Crib
Death
6 - sits with support
8 - sits without support
9 - crawling and creeping
10 - standing with support
11 - cruising
12 - walking with support
15 - walking without support
18 - running & hopping
24 - feet at same level (step - step)
36 - alternates the feet (balance)

Toddler - Explorer, Manipulative,

Negativistic, Selfish, Egocentric
PreSchool - Boastful, Exzaggerated,
Imitator, High level of Curiosity, Imaginative
School Age -
Adolescent -