INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- according to Lawrence Kohlberg, the infant
Infant - 1 to 12 mos (neonate is first 28 days of
life)
INFANT DEVELOPMENT (GOATS)
G - grows very fast
O - oral (by sigmund freud)
A - amoral (by kohlberg)
T - trust vs mistrust (by erik erikson)
S - sensory motor, solitary type of play, stranger
anxiety (nangingilala)
Grows very fast
- the infant has the most rapid rate of growth
● weight is 2.5 kg - 4kg, ave of 3kg
● weight is doubled by 6 mos
● weight is tripled by 1 year (12 mos)
● height is increases by 50% in 12 mos
● Anterior Fontanelle - bigger, closes 12-18
mos
● Posterior Fontanelle - smaller, close 2-3
mos
● Head C - 33-35 cm
● Chest C, Abdominal C - 31-33 cm
note:
HC > CC = less 1 yr old
HC=CC between 1-2 yrs old
CC > HC = 2yrs old above
- kung mas malaki pa rin ulo, sign of
hydrocephalus
Oral
- according to Sigmund Freud, the psychosexual
development is under oral stage (kaya nagsasabay
oral and trust mistrust)
If the primary caregiver did not meet infant’s
neet, the infant will meet his own needs
through:
● Thumb sucking
(kaya pag constantly unmet yung needs ng
infant, kahit 7yrs old na may thumb sucking
pa rin)
Pano mawawala ang thumb sucking?
ans. Give attention, spend more time
gil
Amoral
doesn't know what is right/wrong
Trust vs Mistrust
- the most significant person for the infant is the
Primary Caregiver, pangalawa mother
- if needs are consistently met, trust is established
- if needs are not consistently met, mistrust is
established
- the infant convey his needs by crying (crying for
infant means hunger, pain, discomfort, attention)
- discipline can start at infancy by being consistent
● most common discipline is timeout, make a
negative sound (hmm hmm hmm)
If mistrust is established, there would be object
permanence (infant will remember the face of
primary caregiver, meron ng stranger anxiety)
Because infant thought he and primary caregiver
are ONE.
Stranger anxiety starts at 6 mos, peak at 9 mos,
fade by 12 mos but lasts until 2 years old.
He realize that he and primary caregiver are
different person by 2 years old
Some infant doesn't have stranger anxiety dahil
marami siyang primary caregiver.
Sensory Motor
● Best toy of infant is Rattles (something the
infant is holding, may sound, colorful)
Board Exam ques:
Kelan ginagamit ng infant ang rattle?
ans. 4 mos (because palmar reflex/grasping
disappear bet 4-5 months)
What toy used less than 2 mos old?
ans. musical mobile (crib mobile)
Best color of toy for infant?
ans. Red
Characteristics toys of infant?
1
ans. Not too big, not too small (size & age - cardiac sphincter matures, nasa dulo
appropriate, no detachable parts, non toxic, no ng esophagus. Cardiac S. prevents
chemicals/led, washable, safe to play best ans to) reflux)
Colors na pwede sa infant? ● Teething
ans. Primary colors Primary teeth/deciduous (20 in total, 5
pairs sa taas, 5 pairs sa baba, 10 sa taas,
Cognitive stage of Infant 10 sa baba. Gets mo ba gagi)
- according to Jean Piaget, the cognitive stage - Lumalabas 2 ½ to 3 yrs old
of Infant is sensory motor because infant is - Nawawala 6-7 yrs old
observer Permanent Teeth (32 in total, 8 pairs sa taas, 8
pairs sa baba, 16 sa taas, 16 sa baba)
How does an infant socialize? - Lumalabas between 6-7 yrs old
● Social smile occurs 2mos
● 1 syllable word (ma,pa) Board Exam ques:
● If 2 syllable (same vowels) Is teething normally accompanied by fever and
diarrhea?
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES ans: no, dahil yan sa contaminated na nilalagay
0 mos - 0 degree nya sa bibig nya.
1 mos - 15
2 mos - 30 ● Disappearance of extrusion reflex
3 mos - 45 (spitting)
4 mos - more than 45 - Extrusion reflex is yung tip of tongue
6 mos - sits with support is most sensitive at sweet taste ( if it
8 mos - sits w/o support isn't sweet, ipupush nya palabas)
9 mos - crawling/creeping
10 mos - standing with support ● Introduction of solid food
11 mos - cruising - First solid food na iintroduce is
12 mos - walking with support cereals (must be iron fortified)
15 mos - walking w/o support (short distance)
18 mos - running/jumping - Vegetable first kasi matamis ang fruit
2 yrs old - same level (step step lang) ex in vegetables. Kalabasa, carrots,
3 yrs old - alternates (ability of child to climb patatas (boiled and mashed)
stairs) ex in fruits. banana/apple (pero wag
● Degree means ability of infant to lift his lagi kasi constipating), peras, mangga
head (pero dahan dahan kasi can cause
prickly heat)
Board Exam question: ex in meat. Chicken, pork, fish (in
When is the best time to put infant on prone boiled and shredded, chopped), liver
position while sleeping? (good source of iron) kaya tinola
ans: 4 mos and above commonly na binibigay kasi may
chicken na, liver & papaya
6 mos (tandaan to/pinkakamahalaga) - Egg yolk/yellow (yung white kasi may
● Sits w support albumin that cause allergic reaction to the
infant)

gil 2
IMMUNIZATION 3. Vitamin K (3 dose)
- 2mg after birth
IM ROUTE - 2 mg 3-7 days
1. Hepatitis b - 2 mg 6 wks
- 0.5
- After birth
- For hep b protection SUBCU ROUTE

2. Pentavalent Vaccine (3 dose) 1. AMV1

- 0.5 - 0.5 ml
- For diphtheria, pertussis, tetano, hep b - 9-11 mos
- 6, 10, 14 weeks - For measles
Side Effects:
Fever - beyond 24 (infection) 2. AMV2
(antipyretic) - 0.5 ml
- 12-15 mos
Soreness - For measle mumps rubella
(reassure parents. Will gone after 3 days) Side effects:
Soreness/fever
Abscess (reassure and give antipyretic)
(incision/drainage)
ID ROUTE
Convulsion 1. BCG (bacillus calmett-guerin)
Stop giving the vax - 0.05
- After birth
3. Vitamin K - For tb prevention
- 0.5 ml Side effects:
- At birth Koch phenomenon - acute inflammatory, 2-4 days
- Bleeding (no n.i)

MOUTH ROUTE Deep abscess/injection

(refer)
1. OPV (3 dose)
- 2 drops Indolent ulceration - ulcer, 12 weeks after vax
- 6, 10, 4 wks (inh powder)
- For polio
Glandular enlargement - lymph enlargement
2. Rotavirus Vaccine (refer)
- 1.5 ml
- 6-10 wks EYE ROUTE
- Enteritis
Side effects: 1. Crede’s prophylaxis
vomiting/diarrhea/fever - Inner to outer canthus
(antipyretic, oresol) - Discard first bead

gil 3
 - Prevention for gonococcal/gonorrhea
(n.gono/ c. traco)

gil 4