Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

Outline of lectures
LECTURE 7
UDAA3123 – Pest Management 1. Impact of insecticides on the
UDAA2224-Agricultural Pest Management environment
2. Ecological principles involved in
Topic 3 : Ecologically based use of
judicious insecticide use
Insecticides e.g. trunk injection
3. Insecticides cause pest outbreaks
e.g. rice brown planthopper
e.g. diamondback moth
By
e.g. oil palm bagworms
Prof. Dr. Ooi Aun Chuan
Professor of Agricultural Science
Faculty of Science

-Pest Management

World sales of pesticides – 2003 (adapted

from Matthews, 2008)

1 Impact of insecticides
on the environment

Pest Management Matthews, G. A. 2007. Pesticides: Health, Safet and the Environment, Blackwell Publishing, UK 235 pp

1
Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

Global sales of pesticides by region –

(after Matthews, 2007)

This book on “Silent

Spring” was published
in 1962 by Rachel
Carson and started the
conscious movement
that became known as
environmental
toxicology. This is the
first admission that
insecticides are not
insidous.

Pest Management Pest Management

2
Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

From the executive summary

National Academy
of Sciences 1996 It was concluded that many synthetic
chemical pesticides are broadspectrum,
killing not only arthropod and pathogen
pests but also beneficial organisms that

2
serve as natural pest-control systems.
Without benefit of the natural controls that Ecological principles
keep pest populations in check, growers
become increasingly dependent on involved in judicious
chemical pesticides to which pests may
eventually develop resistance. use of insecticides
Thus there is an urgent need for an
alternative approach to pest management
that can complement and partially replace
current chemically based pest-
management practices.

Pest Management Pest Management

Artona catoxantha

This zygaenid moth is native to Malaysia

and Indonesia and outbreaks seldom
occur
The insect is kept in check by the action
of natural enemies, primarily Bessa
remota (Tachinidae) and Apanteles
artonae (Braconidae)
Outbreaks of the coconut leaf moth are
often associated with dry weather
conditions and the onset of rain usually
terminates such outbreaks.

Pest Management Pest Management

3
Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

Artona
catoxantha Trunk Injection with systemic insecticides
adults
Callimerus
arcufer
Pupa Eggs
Trunk
Injection
5th instar 1st instar

2nd instar Apanteles

4th instar artonae
Bessa
remota
3rd instar
Synchronised single stage population Ooi et al., 1975
Pest Management Pest Management

The Rice BrownPlanthopper

(RBPH) – Nilaparvata lugens
Stål

3 Insecticides cause
pest outbreaks

Pest Management Pest Management

4
Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg & Strand)

Relying on chemical
Aranea: Lycosidae
insecticides to control the
diamondback moth, Plutella
xylostella (L).

Pest Management Pest Management

Example of an exotic plant and native

herbivores

Oil palm – Elaeis guineensis from West

Africa

Bagworms – present on native palms and

• Diadromus collaris cross over to the introduced palm
(Gravenhorst) is a pupal
parasitoid of DBM
• This parasitoid Wood, B. J. 1973. Integrated control: critical assessment of case histories in developing
complements D. economics. In: Geier, P. W. et al., (eds.) Insects: studies in population management.
semiclausum in managing Memoirs of the Ecological Society of Australia 1: 196-220.
DBM
Pest Management Pest Management

5
Lecture 7-Topic 3-Ecologically based use of insecticides 6/15/17

Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Fst.)

Oil Palm Bagworms

Mahasena corbetti

Pteroma pendula
Metisa plana Pest Management
Pest Management