Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________

Vertebrate Diversity

Chapter Test B
Answer Key
Multiple Choice 20. This structure reinforces the jaw.
1. a 21. Classes are separated by the unique
2. b characteristics of the members of each class.
3. a 22. the presence of an amniotic egg in reptilia,
4. b which enables them to reproduce on land
5. a 23. Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
6. d 24. Both have jaws, which make them more
7. c efficient predators than Agnatha.
8. b 25. feathers and hair
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. a
13. b
14. d
15. a
Short Answer
16. that the joint led to development of upper
and lower jaws
17. The jawed fish would be capable of
capturing and processing larger animals than
the other fish because of its increased mouth
size and teeth.
18. its teeth
19. The arches support the gills, which take in
oxygen for the fish.

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Biology 1 Vertebrate Diversity

Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Vertebrate Diversity

Chapter Test B
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)

_____ 1. Fish maximize the amount _____ 4. Lobe-fins are paired

of oxygen they can pull a. very flexible fan-shaped
from the water by using fins.
a. countercurrent flow. b. muscular pectoral and
b. pharyngeal slits. pelvic fins.
c. swim bladders. c. spiny dorsal and caudal
d. an operculum. fins.
d. soft dorsal and anal fins.
____ 2. Which of the following
conclusions about _____ 5. Lampreys and hagfish are
amphibians can you draw both
from the illustration of a. living fossils, remnants
metamorphosis? of very ancient vertebrate
groups.
b. close vertebrate relatives
that have retained
notochords.
c. cartilaginous fish that
have lost the ability to
make bone.
d. lobe-finned fish that can
breathe through lungs
and gills.
FIG. 23.1 _____ 6. What are the two groups of
a. They lay eggs with hard, jawed fish that exist today?
porous shells. a. acanthodians and
b. They return to the water placoderms
to reproduce. b. acanthodians and
c. They can reproduce only Agnatha
on land. c. Osteichthyes and
d. They must leave the placoderms
water to feed. d. Chondrichthyes and
Osteichthyes
____ 3. A tetrapod is a vertebrate
with four
a. limbs.
b. eggs.
c. ears.
d. toes.

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Biology 2 Vertebrate Diversity

Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________

Chapter Test B, continued

_____ 7. Which of the following _____ 10. What are the four chordate
helps the coelacanth float? features of the sea squirt
a. specially adapted gills larva shown in Figure 23.2?
b. its fleshy fins
c. fat in its swim bladder
d. a thin braincase
_____ 8. Amphibians were the first
animals to develop
a. pharyngeal slits.
b. four limbs.
c. bony vertebrae.
d. gill arches.
____ 9. The primary advantage of
fishes’ many sets of thin,
FIG. 23.2
flexible fins is that they
a. backbone, hollow nerve
a. keep the fish stable in the
cord, tail, braincase
water.
b. notochord, larynx,
b. enable fish to outswim
braincase, embryonic sac
predators.
c. pharyngeal slits, hollow
c. provide protective
nerve cord, notochord,
camouflage.
tail
d. can support a fish’s
d. jaws, tail, pharyngeal
weight on land.
slits, backbone
_____ 11. Fish were the first
recognizable
a. vertebrates.
b. chordates.
c. animals.
d. sea dwellers.

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Biology 3 Vertebrate Diversity

Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________

Chapter Test B, continued

_____ 12. Cartilage makes up the _____ 15. The three groups of
skeletons of fish in the modern amphibians are
phylum a. salamanders, frogs, and
a. Chondrichthyes. caecilians.
b. Agnatha. b. frogs, reptiles, and
c. Osteichthyes. Agnatha.
d. Placodermi. c. toads, frogs, and
caecilians.
_____ 13. What function does a d. reptiles, frogs, and
notochord provide in salamanders.
chordate anatomy?
a. water filtration
b. skeletal support
c. nerve protection
d. voluntary movement
_____ 14. Two adaptations that
make some fish extremely
efficient predators are
a. an operculum and a
swim bladder.
b. ray-fins and skeletons
made of bone.
c. suckers and horny,
toothlike projections.
d. the lateral line and
electroreceptive cells.

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Biology 4 Vertebrate Diversity

Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________

Chapter Test B, continued

Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)

FIG 23.3
16. What does the presence of a joint in the gill arches suggest about the arches’
relationship to jaws?
_______________________________________________________________
17. What advantage does the jaw provide? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
18. Why might the presence of teeth in a modern fish’s mouth suggest that it is a
predator?
_______________________________________________________________
19. As the illustration of the modern fish shows, most gill arches retain their
original purpose. Why is this fact important to the fish’s survival?
_______________________________________________________________
20. In the illustration of the modern fish, a gill arch is fused to the cranium. What
is the advantage of this arrangement?
_______________________________________________________________

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Biology 5 Vertebrate Diversity

Name:_____________________________ Class:__________________ Date:__________________

Chapter Test B, continued

Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)

FIG. 23.4
21. On what basis are classes separated?
_______________________________________________________________
22. What, according to the tree, distinguishes amphibia from reptilia?
_______________________________________________________________
23. Which classes are most closely related to Agnatha?
_______________________________________________________________
24. What characteristic is shared by cartilaginous fish and bony fish, and what
advantage does that give them?
_______________________________________________________________
25. What have birds and mammals developed that help them survive in cold
weather?
_______________________________________________________________

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Biology 6 Vertebrate Diversity