OBJECTIVE SOLUTION (LEVEL-I)

1. Determinant of equation a2  b  c must be equal to zero for single root thus b 2  4ac
Ans. (c)
2. Ans (d)
3. sin   cos(   / 2)

hence  / 2
Ans. (a)

4. K
9
2 
     18 m .
 9
Ans. (b)

VH 2  H2 M O2 M O2 32 4
5.      .
VO2  O2 M H2 M H2 2 1

Ans. (b)
6. Speed of sound depends on atmospheric conditions.
Ans. (a)

7. I0 I1  0.80 I 0 
 I 0   0.80 I 0  0.80  0.20 I 0  = 36% I 0 .

Ans. (b)
8. I  A2 f 2
2
1
 (2) 2  
 4
1
 I.
4
Ans. (d)
1
9. Intensity varies as so answer will be (d) only
r2
Ans. (d)
2x 2y
10. 2 & 3
330 330

3 
 x  y    1  330
2 
x  y  825 m.

Ans. (c)
 2VS 5
11.  100  VS
2L 4L
VS  5 4 
   100
L  4 4 

1
VS  100
4L
1
 VS  200 Hz .
2L
Ans. (d)
1 3
12. VS  VS
4 2 2

1 1
 .
2 6

Ans. (b)

 VS 
13. f1  f0  
VS  34 

 VS 
f2  f0  
VS  17 

f1 323

f 2 306

Ans. (d)

14. V T

 V2  1.5V1 .

Ans. (a)

15.  0.2 & f  250 Hz
2
 v  100 cm/s.
Ans. (a)

OBJECTIVE SOLUTION (LEVEL-II)

1. f () should be zero for a maximum / minimum

where f ()  a2  b  c .

Ans. (b)
2. B leads since it is +ive valued when A is zero.
C lags since it is –ive valued when A is zero.
 Ans. (a)
3.   2000 
 T  103 sec.
Vmax  A

= 200 m/s.
Ans. (c)
4. 5 = 10 sin(0   )

   /6
27.5  2
total    .
30 6 3
Ans. (a)
2
p0
5. I
2v

 p0  3 10 4 N/m 2

Ans. (b)

6. ( A)  ( B)  0

Ans. (a)
1 1
7. vA  vB  8 , v  v 8
32 s 33 s
4 4
100 100
1
 v  8  33
32 s
4
100
  A  264 Hz

  B  256 Hz .

Ans. (a)
8. Since beats is increased then
420  2 f  10

 f  205 Hz .

Ans. (c)
9. Since net amplitude is zero, so energy will be purely kinetic.
Ans. (b)
10. Ans. (a)

v1 T
11.  1
v2 T2
 T2
 v2  v1
T1

432
 260 = 240 Hz.
507
12. Path difference when the waves are in phase
2  0.01d  n
   0.02d .
Ans. (c)

v1 T
13.  1
v2 T2

T2
v2  v1
T1

T2
 2  1
T1

 2 1 T2
 .
2 2 T1

1
Since 11 1
2
1 1
 
2 11

  2  1 400
hence  2   11 625 = 0.072 m.
 
Ans. (b)
14. And (b)
u ut 
15. cos  
v  u
 v  u cos  
n  n   d
 v0 
vt
 v2  u 2 
n  n  2 
 v 
1
 u2 
 1  2  n  n
 v 
 u2   v2 
 1  2  n  n , n   n  2 2 
 v  u  v 
 u2 
n   n 1  2 2 
.
 v u 
 SUBJECTIVE SOLUTION (LEVEL-I)

T
1. VS 


T
 343  343 
 2.10 
 
 12 

 T  2.06  10 4 N .

2. (a) A  5 mm.
2 2 
(b)    m.
K 80 40
2 2  3
(c) T  sec., f  Hz.
 3 2
P
3. v VS
2L
 P 2.

4. Rod behaves as a closed organ pipe

1
v VS
4L
50
 VS  2.53  103  4 
100
VS  5.06 km/s .

P
5. V VS
4L
P L
425   340
20
4
100
P 1.
If both ends are open
 P  0.5
 No.
P1
6. V VS
41

P2
V VS
4 2
 P2  2
 
P1 1

 P2  3P1

Minimum value of P1 would be 1.

1
hence v VS
4 1

25.5
 VS  340  4 
100
VS  346.8 m/s.

7. fA ~ fB  5 … (i)

At tension increased the frequency of f B , beats will decreases as given. ____ equation (i) must be in the
form of
f A  fB  5

f B  427  5

f B  422 Hz.
36 km/h = 10 m/s 54 km/h = 15 m/s
 V 
8. f1  f0  S 
 Vs  10  S1 650 Hz S2

 V 
f2  f0  S 
VS  15 
 f1  f 2  47.2 Hz.

 VS 
9. (a) f   f0    412.1212 Hz
 VS  10 

 VS 
(b) similarly f   f 0  
 VS  10 
= 388.3 Hz.
2 2
10. (i) Travelling, T  and  
36 0.018
36 2
v 
2 0.018
 v  20 m/s
(ii) A  3.0 cm
(iii) f  5.7 Hz

(iv)   3.47 m.
11. Y  2.0 cos(210t  20.0080 x  0.35  2)

   125 cm
 2
Now phase difference   path difference

2
(i)   400 rad.

2
  400  6.4 rad.
125
Similarly (ii) 0.8 rad.
(iii)  rad
3
(iv)  rad.
2
12. 1  500 rad, 2  5000 rad

A  4  10 5 cm
(i) V1  4  10 5  500  2  102 cm/s

V2  20  10 2 cm/s

(ii) 1  A2  10 cm/s2

 2  1000 cm/s2.

13. The particle displacements are given by

 2 
y ( x, t )  A sin  (t  x) 
 
where a = 0.1 m.
 2 
We are given - 0.05 = 0.1 sin  (t  1.0)  …(i)
 
 2 
and + 0.05 = 0.1 sin  (t  2.0) …(ii)
 
Eqs. (i) and (ii) give
2 7 2 
(t  1.0)  and (t  2.0) 
 6  6
Subtracting these equations, we get   2.0 m. Now   v  500  2.0  1000 ms 1 . Therefore, time taken
is
2.0  1.0 1
t  s.
1000 1000

14. Let N be the frequency of the source and vP that of the p th harmonic of a closed pipe. The source will
resonantly excite that harmonic mode of the pipe for which
N  vP
for any value of p = 1, 2, 3, …… Now for a closed pipe, we know that
p
vP 
4L
Therefore, for resonance,
p 4 NL 4  425  0.2
N or p   1.
4L  340

15. Since the source of sound is stationary, the wavelength remains unchanged by the motion of the observer.
Therefore,
  340
   0.68 m
v 500
The frequency of sound heard by the observer is
speed of sound relative to observer
v'
wavelength
340  10
  514.7 515 Hz.
0.68

SUBJECTIVE SOLUTION (LEVEL-II)

1. On loading frequency will decrease and also beats increases thus

f B  f A  10

f A  470 Hz.

2 T
2. v
2L 

1 90 N
v
1.5 (12  103 /1.5)

v  70.7 Hz .

3. 1   2   3  110 cm 110
T
1 T l1 l2 l3
V1 
2 1 

1 T
V 2 
2 2 

1 T
V 3  .
2 3 

V1 2 1
 
V 2 1 2

V1 3 1
and  
V3 1 3

 1   2   3  110 cm

1 1
1    110 cm
2 3
 1  60,  2  30,  3  20 cm’s.
80 60
T
4. As calculated by VS  , the velocity of sound is equal thus the
A 20
only possible figure so that the standing waves will be developed in
the ‘system’ is
    40
VSound
Thus min frequency  = 180 Hz.

Alternative : n1 / 2  80

n2  / 2  60

n1 4

n2 3

4
n1  n2
3
Since n1 & n2 are integers thus n2  3, n1  4 .

 4 / 2  80 cm

   40 cm .

p q
5. v  1100 and v   300
4(0.5) 4(0.5)

11
q p since for minimum p is 3 ( p, q is integer number)
3
 q  11, p  3

3
Hence v  1100
4(0.5)

v  1650 Hz .

6. (a) 500 Hz, since no relative motion

 340 
(b) f   500    459.45 Hz.
 340  30 
(c) 500 Hz
 VSound  VObserver , m 
f   f0   Hz
 VSound  VSource , m 

where VObserver , m  Velocity of observer w.r.t. to medium

VObserver , m  (0  10)  10 m/s

and VSource, m  30  10  20 m/s

 340  10 
f   500   Hz
 340  (30  10) 
f 458 Hz.

7. Let y1  A sin 2( f  1)t

y2  A sin 2 ( f )t
y3  A sin 2 ( f  1)t
where f  401 Hz
 so by principle of superposition
y  A[2 cos 2t  1]sin 2ft
y  A sin 2ft where A  A[1  2 cos 2t ]
for I to be max or min  I  A 
2

dI
0
dt
d
i.e., (1  2cos 2t )2  0
dt
 either sin 2t  0 or, 1  2 cos 2 t  0
 maximum at
1 3 1 2 4 5
t  0, , 1, , ; t  , , , .....
2 2 3 3 3 3
Intensity is maximum (with two different values) i.e. within the second we got two maxi and two
minima so beat frequency is 2.

8. Observer will listen max./min. frequency when source velocity y

is pointed at observer.
R 1 R
cos   
2R 2  x
   60º . R R

R
x  R cos 60º 
2

3
y   R sin 60º   R
2

 VSound 
fmax/ min  f  .
VSound  VSource 

 1m
9.  1m
2
   2 m.
v  f   750  2
9 kg
V  1500 m/s.
Apparent  g 1  relative 

 5 4g
 g 1    .
 9 9

T
(1500)2 


9 g

(1500)2

T
 VS 

 4 
9  g 
 9 
 9 g /(1500) 2 
VS  1000 m/s

VS
f  500 Hz.

10.5
10. Acceleration a  g m/s 2
20.5
p
Now, v vs
4d
v  512 Hz

vs  340 m/s

1 2
d at
2

pvs
 t where p  1, 3, 5,....
2va
t  1.178sec, 2.04 sec, 2.634 sec etc.

SUBJECTIVE SOLUTION (LEVEL-III)

1. (a) 2f  600

f  300 Hz

(b) sin  0.314 x   0

  n
sin  0.314x    n

 x   n10
 x  0, 10, 20, 30 cms

(c) L  0  10, 10  20, 20  30

 10  10  10
L  30 cm .

2
(d) f  300 Hz and  0.314

 vs  60 m/s
and   20 cm .
2. vwire ~ v fork  5 vwire
T=100
v fork ~ vwire  5 5
1 100 vfork
  v fork  5 … (i)
2L 
5
1 81 vwire
and   v fork  5 … (ii) T=81
2L 

from (i) and (ii)

1 1
 10
2L 

hence

1 1
 10   v fork  5 (from (i))
2L 
 v fork  95 Hz .

3. vwire ~ v pipe  8

as tension decrease, it will decrease the frequency, vwire , so beats will be decreased thus

vwire  v pipe  8

2 T 1
  320  8
2  25 10 2 10 2 4  40 10 2
 T  27.04 N .

1
4. v vS
2L
1
320   320
2  (48  102  0.6r ) 48 cm
0.6r
 r  3.33 cm
 d  6.66 cm .
1
v  320
4  (0.5)
v  165 Hz .

5. Path difference, x  2sin 

v=600 Hz
(a) For minimum intensity
1m
S1 
 
2sin  
2 1m
S2
}

v=600 Hz x
330
 sin  
4  600
   7.9º .
(b) For maximum intensity 2sin   
 
 sin  
2
   1.6º
(c) 2sin   n
when   
 n 3.6
n3
so 2 maximum.
6. f1  f 2  3 Hz

 340   340 
 f0    f0  3
 340  vs   340  vs 
vs  1.5 m/s

7. (i) The frequency heard after reflection will be the same as S

heard directly from the source so beat frequency f b will be
f1
zero in this case.
f2
 Vsound Vsound 
(ii) f b  f 2  f1  f 0   
 Vsound  Vsource Vsound  Vsource 
 2Vsound  Vsource 
 f0   S
 (Vsound  Vsource )(Vsound  Vsource )  f1
f 0  7.64 beats.
f2
f 0Vsound
(iii) f b  f 2  f1   f0
Vsound  Vsource

 Vsource  S
 fb  
 Vsound  Vsource  f1

f b  3.93 beats. f2

8. 2  H 2  d 2 / 4  d 2  n h

and 2  ( H  h) 2  d 2 / 4  d 2  (2 n  1) / 2
1/ 2 1/ 2
H
   2  4( H  h)  d 2   4 H 2  d 2   .
 

 x 
9. (a) Y  6sin    cos(100t )
 10 
 2 
 K 
 10
   20 cm
  100 
2f  100
 f  50 Hz
vspeed  50  20  10 m/s
P
v vspeed
2L
P
 50   10
2 1
 P  10 loops.

  5
(b) yx 5 / 3  6sin  . 
 10 3 
yx 5 / 3  3 cm .
1
(c) dK  ( dx)v 2
2
d  
where v  3sin  x  100 t  
dt  10 
 
v  3( 100) cos  x  10t 
 10 
k  142.124 J
 
(d) y1  3sin  x  100 t 
 10 
  
y2  3sin  x  100t  .
 10 

10. y  y1  y2
 2   2  
y  0.04sin  x1  2t0   0.04sin  x2  2t0 
 v   v 
where v  5Hz
v  0.5 m/s
t0  3 s .
 y  0.235 m .

1. Frequency received in case I

 V  Vm    V  V0 
f1  f    using f   f  
 V  Vb    V  VS 

 V  Vm 
and in case II f2  f  
 V  Vb 
 observer Source
Vm Vb
(1)

observer Source
Vm Vb
(2)

Obviously f 2  f1

 V  Vm   V  Vm 
 Beat frequency fb  f 2  f1  f   f  
 V  Vb   V  Vb 
2Vb (V  Vm )
or, fb  .
V 2  Vb2

2. Frequency of second overtone of the closed pipe

V 
 5   440 Hz (Given)
 4L 
5V
 L m.
4  440
x=0:P=0

L=5/4
x=x:P=±P0sinkx

Substituting V  speed of sound in air = 330 m/s

5  330 15
L  m
4  440 16
4 L 4(15 /16) 3
   m.
5 5 4
(b) Open end is displacement antinode. Therefore, it would be a pressure node
or, x  0; P  0

Pressure amplitude at x  x , can be written as

L 15 /16
Therefore, pressure amplitude at x   m or (15/32) m will be
2 2
 8  15 
P  P0 sin   
 3  32 
5
 
 P0 sin  
 4 
P0
P   .
2
(c) Open end is a pressure nod i.e., P  0
Hence Pmax  Pmin  Mean pressure ( P0 )
 (d) Closed end is a displacement node or pressure antipode.
Therefore, Pmax  P0  P0

and Pmin  P0  P0 .

3. Tension T  80N P Q R
Amplitude of incident wave ALi  3.5cm l1=4.8m l2=2.56m
Mass = 0.06 Kg Mass = 0.2 Kg
0.06 1
Mass per unit length of wire PQ is m1   Kg/m
4.8 80
0.2 1
and mass per unit length of wire QR is m2   Kg/m
2.56 12.8

80
(a) Speed of wave in wire PQ is V1  T / m1   80 m/s
1/ 80

80
and speed of wave in wire QR is V1  T / m2   32 m/s
1/12.8
 Time taken by the wave pulse to reach from P to R is –
4.8 2.56  4.8 2.56 
t    s
V1 V2  80 32 

t  0.14s .

(b) The expressions for reflected and transmitted amplitudes ( Ar and At ) in terms of V1 V2 and Ai are
as follows :
V2  V1 2V2
Ar  Ai and At  Ai
V2  V1 V1  V2

Substituting the values we get

 32  80 
Ar    (3.5)  1.5 cm
 32  80 
i.e. the amplitude of reflected wave will be 1.5 cm. Negative sign of Ar indicates that there will be a
phase of  in reflected wave.
Similarly
 2  32 
At    (3.5)  2.0 cm
 32  80 
i.e. the amplitude of transmitted wave will be 2.0 cm.

4. Velocity of sound in water is


Vw 

2.088  109
  1445 m/s
103
Frequency of sound in water will be
VW 1445
f0   Hz
W 14.45  103
 f0  105 Hz .

(a) Frequency of sound detected by receiver (observer) at rest

would be – source observer(At rest)

 Vw  Vr  f0 V s=10 m/s
f1  f0  
 Vw  Vr  Vs 
Vr=2 m/s
 1445  2 
 (105 )   Hz
 1445  2  10 
f1  1.0069  105 Hz .
wind speed
w=5m/s
(b) Velocity of sound in air is

RT
Va 
M source
observer(at rest)
(1.4)(8.31)(20  273) V s= 10 m/s

28.8  10 3
= 344 m/s.
Frequency does not depend on the medium. Therefore, frequency in air is also f0  105 Hz .

 Frequency of sound detected by receiver (observer) in air would be

 Va  w 
f2  f0  
 Va  w  Vs 
 344  5 
 105   Hz
 344  5  10 
f2  1.0304  105 Hz .

5. (a) Frequency of second harmonic in pipe A  frequency

of third harmonic in pipe B
 v  v 
 2  A   3 B 
 2 A   4lB 
v 3 A B
or, A  (as  A   B )
vB 4
 A RTA
MA 3
or, 
 B RTB 4
MB
A MB 3
or,  (as TA  TB )
B MA 4
M A  A  16 
   
MB B  9 
 5 / 3  16   5 7
    A  and B  
 7 / 5  9   3 5
M A  25   16  400
or,      .
M B  21   9  189
 (b) Ratio of fundamental frequency in pipe A and in pipe B is:
f A v A / 2 A

f B vB / 2lB
vA
 (as  A   B )
vB
A B
 A RTA
MA

 B RTB
MB
A M B
  (as TA  TB )
B M A

M B 189
substituting  from part (a), we get
M A 400

fA 25 189 3
   .
fB 21 400 4

v 0.6r
6. Fundamental frequency, f 
4(  0.6r )

 speed of sound v  4 f (1  0.6 r ) l

or, v  (4)(480)[(0.16)  (0.6)(0.025)]  336 m/s.

 2  a
7  or,   , k  
2  
x=0 x=l
The amplitude at a distance x from x  0 is given by
/2
A  a sin kx
Total mechanical energy at x of length dx is
1
dE  (dm) A2 2
2
1
 ( dx)(a sin kx )2 (2 f )2
2
or, dE  2 2f 2 a 2 sin 2 kx dx … (i)

T 
 
v2    
Here f  2  and k  .
 (4 2 ) 

Substituting these values in equation (i) and integrating it from x  0 to x   , we get total energy of
string,

 2 a 2T
E .
4