REVIEWER IN PES2  Try to identify the poison.

 Place the victim on his or her left side.

Module 6: Poisoning
POISONING is any substance solid, liquid, or gas that tends to
impair health or cause death when introduced into the body or
onto the skin surface. A poisoning emergency can be life-
threatening.
Causes:
 Common in suicide attempts
 Occasional accidental poisoning
Ways in which poisoning may occur
 Ingested Poison – by mouth
 Inhaled Poison – by breathing
 Injected Poison – by animal bites, stings, syringes
 Absorbed Poison – by skin contact
 Monitor ABCs.
 Save any empty container or spoiled food for analysis.
 Save any vomitus and keep it with the victim if he or
she is taken to an emergency facility.
INHALED POISON - is a poison breathed into the lungs.
Signs and Symptoms
 History of inhaling poisons.
 Breathing difficulty
 Chest pain
 Cough; hoarseness; burning sensation in the throat.
 Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes)
 Dizziness, headache
 Seizure unresponsiveness (advanced stages)

Common Household Poison First Aid

 Sleeping pills  Remove the victim from the toxic environment and into
 Pain relievers the air immediately.
 Insect and rodent poison  Monitor ABCs.
 Kerosene  Seek medical attention
 Denatured alcohol
 Lye and acids including boric ABSORBED POISON - is a poison that the body through the skin.
 Poisonous plants Sign and symptoms
 Contaminated water
 Fume  History of exposures
 Liquid or powder on the skin
INGESTED POISON - is introduced into the digestive tract by way  Burns
of the mouth. One form of ingestion poisoning is food poisoning  Itching irritation
a general form that covers a variety of conditions. Suspect food  Redness rash, blister
poisoning if:
First Aid
The victim ate food that did not taste right or that may have
been old improperly prepared contaminated left at room  Remove the clothing
temperature for a long time or processed with several chemicals.  Then with a dry cloth let the poison from the skin. If the
poison is a dry powder, brush it off.
Several people who ate together become ill.
 Flood the area with copious amounts of water.
Signs and Symptoms:  Continually monitor the patient’s vital sign

 Altered mental Status INJECTED POISON - a poison that enters the body through a bite,
 History of ingesting poisons’ sting, or syringe.
 Burns around the mouth
Insect Bites
 Odd breath odors
 Nausea, vomiting Sign and Symptoms
 Abdominal pain
 Stinger may be present
 Diarrhea
 Pain
 Instances when vomiting should not be induced.
 If unresponsive.  Swelling
 Cannot maintain an airway.  Possible allergic reaction
 Has ingested an acid, a corrosive such as lye, or a
petroleum product such as gasoline or furniture polish.
 Has a medical condition that could be complicated by
vomiting such as heart attack, seizure, and pregnancy.
First Aide
FIRST AID
  Remove the stinger,  Wash wound.
 Wash wound  Keep bitten part still and lower than the heart.
 Cover the wound  Call the local emergency number.
 Apply a cold pack
Animal Bite
 Watch for signals of an allergic reaction
Signs and Symptoms
Spider Bites/Scorpion Stings
 Bite mark.
Signs and symptoms
 Bleeding
 Bite mark.
First aid
 Swelling
 Pain  If bleeding is minor-wash wound
 Nausea and vomiting  Control bleeding.
 Difficulty breathing or swallowing  Apply antibiotic ointment.
 Cover the wound
First Aide
 Get medical attention if the wound bleeds severely or if
 Wash wound. you suspect an animal has rabies
 Apply a cold pack  Call the local emergency number or contact animal
 Get medical care to receive antivenin. control personnel
 Call the local emergency number, if necessary.
GENERAL CARE FOR POISONING
Marine Life Stings
 Survey the scene.
Signs and symptom  Remove the victim from the source of the poison.
 Do a primary survey.
 Possible marks  Care for any life-threatening condition.
 Pain  If the victim is conscious do a secondary survey.
 Swelling  Do not give the victim anything by mouth unless
 Possible allergic reaction advised by medical professionals.
First Aide Module 7: History of Swimming
 If jellyfish, soak the area in vinegar Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the
 If sting ray, soak in non-scalding hot water until the use of one's entire body to move through the water. The sport
pain goes away takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).
 Clean and bandage the wound. Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic,
 Call the local emergency number, if necessary. sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke,
breaststroke, and freestyle.
Snake Bites
HISTORY OF SWIMMING
Signs and symptoms
Prehistoric times – Evidence of recreational swimming has been
 Bite mark.
found with the earliest evidence dating to Stone Age paintings
 Pain
from around 10,000 years ago.
Comparative Characteristics of a Snake
2000 BC – Some of the earliest references to swimming include
the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible, Beowulf, the Quran, and others.

1538

 Nikolaus Wynmann, a Swiss-German professor of

languages. Wrote the earliest known complete book
about swimming, Colymbetes, sive de arte natandi
dialogus et festivus et iucundus lectu.

1830 - Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity

in England.

First Aid 1828 - The first indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was
opened to the public.
1837 - The National Swimming Society was holding regular
swimming competitions in six artificial swimming pools, built
around London. The recreational activity grew in popularity.
1844 - Two Native American participants at a swimming
competition in London introduced the front crawl to a European
audience.
Sir John Arthur Trudgen – picked up the hand-over stroke from
some South American natives and successfully debuted the new
stroke in 1873. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful
to use today.
Captain Matthew Webb – was the first man to swim the English
Channel (between England and France), in 1875. Using the
breaststroke technique
1880 – The first national governing body, the Amateur Swimming
Association was formed, there were already over 300 regional
clubs in operation across the country.
1889 – The first European amateur swimming competitions were
in Vienna.
1892 – The world's first women's swimming championship was
held in Scotland.
1896 – Men’s swimming became part of the first modern
Olympic Games in Athens
1902 – The Australian Richmond Cavill introduced freestyle to
the Western world.
1908 – The world swimming association, Federation
International de Notation (FINA), was formed.
1912 – Women's swimming was introduced into the Olympics.
1922 – Women’s Olympiad was the first international swim meet
for women outside the Olympics
1930 – Butterfly was developed and was at first a variant of
breaststroke until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.
In the 1900s – Americans introduced swimming as a sport in the
Philippines.
1912 – Several local swimmers had emerged from different parts
of the country who competed against each other in
championships organized by the Americans.
1928 – The greatest achievement of a Filipino in the sport.
Teofilo E. Yldelfonso – nicknamed the “Ilocano Shark,” won the
Philippines’ first Olympic medal by winning bronze in the 200m.
1951 - The first Asian Games was held in New Delhi, India.
Artemio Salamat and Jacinto Cayco
1985 - Erik Buhain won gold in the 400-meter individual medley
at the Southeast Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand.
Swimming is the act of driving our body through water and
resisting drowning by moving our hands and feet.
Competitive swimming as a race was held among swimmers and
the goal is to swim faster than other participants. Various
countries started participating in these competitions.
Module 8: Fundamentals of Swimming
 Swimming is a fun and great activity to stay fit. It offers
tremendous health benefits, improves mood, decreases
anxiety, and helps to burn lots of calories.
 Apart from this, it is also good for those suffering from
arthritis and other pain conditions. As per the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, swimming for just
2.5 hours per week decreases the risk of chronic
illnesses.
 To swim smoothly, coordination of the entire body is a
must. One needs to focus on the movement of the legs
and arms, as well as breathing control and swimming
strokes. So, to expertise the skill of swimming you must
start with the basics
 Every individual has a natural ability to use their arms
and legs to stay afloat.
 The instinct however disappears within a few months
after birth. Later in life, many individuals have an
intrinsic fear of water.
There are 3 basic skills to develop and work on to have
confidence and efficiently execute your swimming program and
master the swimming skills.
 Breathing
 Placement of head
 Gliding and landing
BREATHING
This is a frequently overlooked basic skill, but it is an important
one. If are not comfortable breathing while swimming, you won't
be able to enjoy it completely and learn new things. The basic
idea is that you need to breathe out with both your nose and
mouth when your head is underwater.
SUBMERGING (BOBBING)
This exercise is being done by raising the arms abruptly sideward
and upward when the swimmer wants to go down and lowering
the arms sideward and downward when he wants to go up.
YOUR BODY MOVEMENT SHOULD BE WELL COORDINATED
 In swimming, all your body parts should be well
coordinated with each other.
 You must be able to move the muscles of your lower back,
abdomen, and hips in a synchronized way to keep moving
forward. Your hands should move and cut through the
water first, followed by your elbow, and then your body
should make its way through the water.
FLOATING
Before you start kicking and stroking, first learn to float in the
water. Floating helps you to get used to the habit of moving
through water properly. Floating helps to keep your body on the
surface of the water. Our body experiences a vertical buoyant
force when immersed in water and floating helps to keep your
body in a horizontal position.
PRONE FLOAT
It is performed by lying face down in the water, arms and legs
extended. It is used with the face submerged. Eyes open to see
under the water or with the head high to observe.
JELLYFISH OR TUCK FLOAT
The body is doubled up by bend in the legs, and pulling the knees
to the chest. Arms clasp knees. In this position, the body will roll
forward until only the back is visible above the water.
BACK FLOAT
This is the best relaxing float and can be performed with the legs
together or part and arms extended to the side or overhead.
With the legs together and arms by the side, there is a tendency
for the legs to sink and drag the body under.
DEAD MAN’S FLOAT
Lean forward, face down in the water and relax completely, let
your arm and legs drift where they will. Open your eyes and look
around. See how long you can float in this position.
VERTICAL SCULLING
Hold oneself upright in the water and weave the hands back and
forth vigorously back and forth in front of and to the sides of the
body in a figure–eight movement.
FLATTER BACK SCULLING
Lie on your back and kick slowly up and down. The legs and feet
ought to be in a knock-kneed and pigeon-toed position. The
hands merely execute a slow sculling movement at the hips.
STROKES
Now that you know how to float and kick, it is time to learn some
strokes. Strokes are the arm movements that help to pull the
body through the water. The front crawl, sidestroke, backstroke,
and butterfly are some of the common swimming strokes.
Why it is important to learn the fundamentals of swimming?
It teaches us about water safety in and around the water. If
taught earlier in life it helps with the development of physical
skills such as hand-eye coordination and muscle tone. Swimming
keeps your child's heart and lungs healthy. Improves strength
and flexibility.
Module 9: Swimming Attire and Accessories
 A swimmer could wear regular swimsuits which are
designed for their aesthetic appearance. While competitive
swimming on the other hand is fixed competitive swimwear
designed specifically for competing.
 A swimsuit is an item of clothing designed to be worn by
people engaging in a water-based activity or water sports,
such as swimming, diving, and surfing, or sun-orientated
activities, such as sunbathing. Different types may be worn
by men, women, and children.
1. Pull buoy – is a figure eight-shaped piece of closed–cell foam
used in swim workouts, swimmer place the buoy between the
legs, thighs, or ankles to provide support to the body without
kicking the legs, this allows the swimmer to focus on training
only their arms and developing both endurance and upper body
strength.
2. Hand paddles –a colored plastic device that is worn on the
swimmer’s hands during swimming practices to enhance muscle
build-up or speed. Paddles are often used with pull buoys to
build up arm strength.
3. Snorkel – A shaped tube used for the practice of swimming on
or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask.
4. Goggles - to protect the eyes from material in the water, while
swimming. You should wear a pair of swimming goggles because
of all the pollen.
5. Bathing caps - A swimming cap, swim cap, or bathing cap, is a
tightly fitted, skin-tight garment, commonly made from silicone,
latex, or lycra, worn on the head by recreational and competitive
swimmers. Caps are worn for various reasons
6. Swimsuit - A swimsuit is an item of clothing designed to be
worn by people engaging in a water-based activity or water
sports, such as swimming, diving, and surfing, or sun-orientated
activities, such as sunbathing. Different types may be worn by
men, women, and children.
LEARNING TO SWIM
People can swim body of water large enough to permit free
movement. Most children or individuals learn to swim by
imitating others, most often their parents, brothers, sister, and
friends, or take lessons at swim clubs, community centers,
schools, or recreational facilities.
METHODS OF TRAINING
Swimming requires adaptation to a new environment. It can be
learned a lot faster when using the right technique and proper
conditioning. Apt glide to the water that suits the body and
reduces fatigue by minimizing unwanted muscle variation.
Breathing naturally and letting water support you.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONING
Exercise is an action that involves physical specifically when
performed to improve fitness and health.
There are three stages in an exercise program
 A. Warm-up  Stand with chest up and head in a neutral position.
B. Work out  Bring your right elbow up and pull it over to the left at
C. Cool down shoulder level with the left hand.
 Hold this position for 16 counts
Warm-up Stretching exercises
 Repeat on the other side.
It is the first step in the routine, it gives healing to the muscles to
MAIN ACTIVITY WORKOUT
make them more flexible and prevent injury before move
vigorous physical activity begins. A combination of controlled  Curl ups
movement exercises and specific joint/muscle stretching is  Sit up knee bend
practiced to improve performance potential. The benefits of  Jumping jack
warm-up and stretching activities before rigid training are:  Arm circling
 Sideward bending
1. Heart rate increase-during warm-up activity which
increased blood flow to the active muscles  Standing body bends backward
2. Diminished “stiffness” due to increased stretch  Wing stretcher
tolerance of the nerve receptors in the muscle which  Toe touching
allows an increased range of motion  Flutter kick
3. Decrease in reflex inhibition of opposing muscle groups  Stationary jogging
that improve range of motion.
COOL DOWN
Warm-up and stretching movements should always start in a
 Deep breathing exercises
slow and controlled pattern but may progress to a rapid and
 Arm and leg shake
vigorous activity.
The leg kick will control the body position in the water, while the
Exercises are executed as a series of repetitions; each exercise
arm cycle will provide the propulsive force. The timing between
may last 30 seconds to several minutes.
the two is vital to the efficiency of the given stroke for a greater
Rest between exercises is usually kept to a minimum. Alternating speed through the water with minimum wasted energy.
exercises that focus on different body parts will help stimulate
HYDRATION DURING EXERCISE
blood flow and increase body temperature.
Drink water before, during, and after work-out to regulate body
WARM-UP EXERCISE
temperature. Failure to maintain a hydrated state can lead to
 Head Rotation detrimental changes in the cardiovascular response to exercise.
 Stand straight, arms on waist. Overheating of the body decreases both maximal power and
 Rotate head in front, right, side, back, left side, and work capacity.
front in four counts 8 repetitions. Why it is important to learn swimming attire and accessories?
 Reverse head rotation
 Arm Circling It teaches us about water safety in and around the water. If
 Stand straight, arms on hips, and slightly raise your taught earlier in life it helps with the development of physical
right leg. skills such as hand-eye coordination and muscle tone. Swimming
 Rotate your ankle and make 8 repetitions. keeps your child's heart and lungs healthy. Improves strength
 Repeat the cycle on the reverse side. and flexibility.
 NECK STRETCHES
 Stand with your chest up and look straight ahead.
 Reach over your head with your right hand.
 Gently pull your head over to the right side
 Hold this for 8 counts.
 Repeat this on the other side.
 Stand with your chest up and looking
 Gently push the chin back while looking straight ahead.
 Keep head upright, keep eyes facing forward
 While holding the chin back with one hand, use
 the other hand to reach over the top of the head.
 Stabilize your chin back as you pull the top of your head
forward
 Hold this for 16 counts

POSTERIOR SHOULDER STRETCH