NSTP 002

Introduction to First Aid & Shock Characteristics of a First aider

First Aid – an immediate help provided to a sick  Gentle

person/injured until professional medical help  Resourceful
arrive.  Observant
 Tactful
Objective of First Aid
 Empathetic
 Preserve life  Respectful
 Prevent further harm & complications
Hindrances in giving First Aid
 Seek immediate medical help
 Provide reassurance 1. Unfavorable surroundings
2. The presence of crowds
Legal concerns
3. Pressure from victims or relatives
1. Consent
Prevention & Protection
2. Duty to act
3. Standard to care Body Substance Isolation (BSI) - are
4. Negligence precautions taken to isolate or prevent
5. Abandonment risk of exposure from any type of bodily
6. Confidentiality substance.
Basic precautions & practices
First Aider’s Responsibility
 Personal Hygiene
Ensures safety of himself and that of  Protective equipment
bystanders.
Disease Transmission
Gain access to the victim
Determine any threat to victim’s life. Infectious diseases are those that can
Provide the needed care of the victim spread from one person
Fills the gap between the victim and the
 Direct contact
physician
 Bites/Vectors
Summon advanced medical care as
 Indirect contact
needed
 Air bone Transmission
Record all findings & care given to the
victim
Assist advanced personal
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FIRST AID  Face-pale

Equipment and Supplies  Skin-cold and clammy

 Rubbing alcohol  Breathing-irregular

 Gloves  Pulse-rapid and weak

 Povidone iodine  Nausea and vomiting
 Scissors  Weakness
 Cotton  Thirsty
 Forceps
Causes of shock
 Gauge pads
 Triangular Bandage  Severe bleeding
 Tongue depressor  Crushing injury
 Elastic roller bandage  Infection
 Penlight  Heart attack
 Occlusive dressing  Perforation
 Band aid  Shell bomb & bullet wound
 Plaster  Rupture of tubal pregnancies
 Anaphylaxis
Cloth materials
 Starvation & disease
Dressing – sterile cloth to cover wound.
Objectives
Bandage – sterile or not used to hold the
dressing 1. Improve circulation of blood
2. Ensure an adequate supply of oxygen
Shock – condition in which the circulatory system
fails to deliver enough oxygen; is a depressed First Aid management
condition of many functions due to failure of  Make the person lie down
enough blood to circulate throughout the body  Control any internal/external bleeding
following serious injury.  Legs may be raised 6 to 12 inches.
Dangers  Help the person maintain the normal
body temperature
 Lead to death
 Do not give the person anything to drink
 Predisposes body infection
or eat
 Lead to loss of body parts
 Reassure the person every so often
Signs & symptoms of shock
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First aid & preventive management for shock Note: 10-14 mins. Every 3-4 hours.

Open wound
posture
PROPER heat  the outer layer of the skin is broken
transfer
Classification

Wound, Burn & Poisoning Puncture (tusok)

Abrasions (gasgas)
Soft tissue injuries
Lacerations (punit-mababaw)
Wound - is a break in the continuity of a tissue of Avulsion (natuklap yung balat/wakwak)
the body either internal or external Incision (Hiwa-malalim)
Close wound Amputation (may naputol na parting
katawan)
 Blunt objects resulting in contusion or
bruises. Dangers of open wound

 Application of external forces  Hemorrhage

Signs and symptoms  Infection

 Shock
 Pain & tenderness
 Swelling First aid management for open wound with
 Discoloration severe bleeding.
 Hematoma
C – control bleeding
 Uncontrolled restlessness
C – Cover the wound
 Thirst
C – Care for shock
 Symptoms of shock
C – Call or refer to physician
 Vomiting or cough of blood
 Passage of blood in the urine or feces
 Sign of blood along mouth, nose & ear.

First aid management for close wound

I – Ice application
C – compression
E – Elevation
S – Splinting
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First aid management Factors to Determine the Seriousness of Thermal

Burns
Wound with Bleeding Not Severe
The depth
(Home Care)
1st degree – superficial thickness burn
 Clean the wound with soap and water.
2nd degree – partial thickness burn
 Apply mild antiseptics.
3rd degree – full thickness burn
 Cover wound with dressing and
bandage. The Extent to the affected Body Surface
Area-Rule of Nine, Rule of Palm
Burn - are injuries to the skin and to other body
Location of the Burns
tissues that is cause by heat, chemicals,
Victim’s Age and Medical Condition
electricity or radiations.
Care for Thermal Burn
Common causes of burn
First- and Second-degree burn
1. Carelessness with match and cigarette
smoking.  Relieve pain by immersing the burned
area in cold water or by applying a wet,
2. Scald from hot liquid.
cold cloth. If cold water is unavailable,
3. Defective heating, cooking and electrical use any cold liquid you drink to reduce
equipment. the burned skin’s temperature.

4. Immersion in overheated bath water. Third Degree Burn

5. Use of such chemicals such as lye,  Cover the burn with a dry, non-sticking,
strong acids and strong detergents. sterile dressing or a clean cloth.

Types of Burn injuries  Treat the victim for shock by elevating

Thermal burns - not all thermal burns are caused the legs and keeping the victim warm

by flames. Contact with hot objects, flammable with a clean sheet or blanket.

vapor that ignites and causes a flash or an

explosion, and steams or hot liquid are other
common causes of burns.
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Chemical burns - Chemicals will continue to  Check the ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
cause tissue destruction until the chemical Circulation). Provide Rescue
agent is removed. Breathing or Cardiopulmonary
Care for Chemical Burn Resuscitation if needed

 Immediately remove the chemical  If the victim fell, check for spine injury
by flushing with water.  Treat the victim for shock
 Remove the victim’s  Seek medical attention immediately.
contaminated clothing while Electrical injuries are treated in burn
flushing with water. centers.
 Flush for 20 mins. or longer. Let
Assessment of Surface Area Burn
the victim wash with mild soap
Rule of Nine – Adults
before a final rinse.
 Cover the burned area with a dry
dressing or for large areas use
clean pillowcase.
 If the chemical is in the eye, flush
it for 20mins. using low pressure.
 Seek medical attention Assessment of Surface Area Burn

immediately for all chemical Rule of Palm for Children

burns.

Electrical burn - The injury/severity from

exposure to electrical current depends on the
type of current (direct or alternating), the
voltage, the area of the body exposed and
the duration of contact.

Care for Electrical Burn

 Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the

power. If that is impossible call the
Power Company or ask for help