Unit II Health Unintentional Injuries: providing support for immobilization A.

Fracture- a break or crack in a bone

Prevention, Safety and First Aid for broken bones, sprains and strains  Check vital signs
Lesson 1: The Basic of First Aid Two Phases of Bandaging  Do not move injure part
First Aid 1. An open bandage is used for wounds  Stop bleeding
 An immediate care given to a person 2. A cravat bandage is use for wounds that  Immobilize broken part by splint
who is suddenly get ill or injured needs extra support, the narrower the  Seek medical help
 Bridges that fills the gap between cravat, the greater the pressure it will B. Dislocation- partial or complete displacement
victim and physicians give of bone
Characteristics of a Good First Aider Techniques in Bandaging
 Splint affected part
1. Gentle- not cause pain and panic 1. Always use the square knot
 Do not try to move
2. Observant- notice all sign 2. Consider the size and location of the
 Apply ice
3. Resourceful wound
C. Sprain and Strain
4. Tactful- not frighten the victim 3. Ensure that the bandage firm and
 Use RICE Method
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures comfortable when there’s a swelling
D. Heat Exhaustion
the victim 4. Secure the bandage using tape, clip and
Principles (Do’s and Don’ts) square knot  Transport the victim
Dos  Give plenty of water
 Stay calm Wounds E. Food Poisoning
 Check for a medical condition  A break in the continuity of a tissue in  Gives plenty flavored fluid and bowl to
the body use if he/she vomits
 Loosen any tight clothing
 May be closed in which there is no F. Choking
 Check the ABC
break or damage in the skin. Also called  Encourage the victim to cough
Don’ts
hematoma or contusions. For  Give a five back blows
 Don’t give food and drink to
unconscious victim management of closed wounds, use  Try abdominal thrust
 Don’t move the victim unless you need RICE method  Call medical help
 Also be open in which there is a break G. Drowning
place him/her in the recovery position
in the skin  Lay the person on his/her back
Kinds of Open Wounds  Check breathing
Lesson 2: Survey of the Scene and the Victim
1. Puncture- piercing wounds caused by  Give rescue breath and chest
Vital Signs
pointed objects compression if necessary
 Measures of various physiological
2. Abrasion- caused by rubbing the skin  If the person is breathing, place him/her
statistics taken in order to assess the
against a rough surface in recovery position
most basic body function
3. Incision- is a cut caused by sharp  Treat for hypothermia by removing wet
 Recording: body temperature, pulse
object clothing and covering the victim with a
rate, blood pressure and respiratory
4. Laceration- blunt breaking or tearing dry blanket
rate
of soft tissue H. Heart Attack
Signs and Symptoms
5. Avulsion- forcible tearing or partial
 Signs are details discovered by  Help the person sit or lie down with
tearing away of tissues
applying your senses head elevated
First Aid for Open Wounds
o Bleeding  Call for medical help
 Wear gloves, remove or cut clothing if
o Swelling  Constantly monitor vital signs
necessary
o Deformities I. Chemical Burns (Associated with Electric
 Control bleeding
 Symptoms are sensations that victim Shock)
 Elevate the injured part except for eye
feels or experiences and may be able to  Make sure that contact with the
injury and wounds with embedded
describe electrical source is broken
object
o Nausea  Flood the site of injury (entry and exit
 Cover the wound
o Vomiting point) with plenty of cold water
 Care for shock
o Heat  Wear disposable gloves
 Seek medical attention
o Impaired Sensation  Call for medical help
J. Burns
Lesson 4: Carrying and Transporting an
Two Ways to Conduct Physical Examination  (Minor) Flood the affected area with
Injured Person
when giving First Aid cold water to relieve pain, cover the
 Transporting an injured person to a
1. Primary Survey area with sterile non-adhesive dressing
safer place requires great care
 Used when the victim is unconscious or bandage
 When doing this, a first aider must
o Check for consciousness  (Severe) help the person to lie won to
consider the following factors
o Open the airway prevent the burnt area from coming into
o Weight and Height of the victim
o Check for breathing contact with the ground
o Status of the victim (conscious or
o Check for circulation  Douse plenty of cold water
unconscious)
2. Secondary Survey  Seek for medical assistance
o Environment
 Used when the victim is conscious that  Carefully remove burnt clothing unless
o Special need consideration
aims to detect everything about the is it sticking to the skin
Kinds
patient’s condition  Check vital signs, treat shock
A. One-man Carry
 Make use of checking L. Heat Stroke
1. Fireman’s Carry- the easiest way to transport a
o Pulse rate  Move the victim to cool place
light and smaller victim
o Temperature  Remove mush of outer clothing if
2. Piggy Back- when the victim is conscious
o Respiration possible
3. Pack Strap Carry- use when the victim is
smaller than the first aider  Call for medical help
Lesson 3: Dressing and Bandages 4. Shoulder Crag- used when the floor is smooth,  Wrap the person in cold, wet sheet and
Dressing short distance transport keep the sheet until the temperatures
 A piece of sterile cloth that covers a 5. Fireman’s Drag or Tied-Handled Crawl- used drops to 37.5 degree Celsius
wounds to prevent infections and/or when first aider and victim must crawl  When person temperature has returned
stop the bleeding 6. Blanket Drag- used when the victim is to normal, replace wet sheet with dry
Techniques in applying dressing seriously injured and should not be lifted one
1. Wash hands and wear gloves if possible B. Two/Three or More-Man Carry M. Stroke
2. Unwrap the dressing close to the 1. Chair or Seated- used when two first aiders and  If the person is unconscious, help him
wounds as possible a chair is available to lie down with his head and shoulder
3. Skin is not sterile, discard and used 2. Hammock Carry- for three first aider slightly raised and supported
fresh one if the dressings slips 3. Bearer Along Side Carry- carries will stay on  Loosen any tight clothing
4. Place the dressings over the wounds, the uninjured side of the victim  Monitor vital signs
make sure that the expose wounds is 4. Six Man Lift and Carry  Give rescue breathing if the victim is
covered unconscious
Bandage Lesson 5: First Aid for Unintentional Injuries  Call ambulance and call for help
 Are used to apply pressure to bleeding; Unintentional Injuries- injuries which as not
for covering wounds and burns and expected, also known as ACCIDENT