RESEARCH PAPER

DISTRIBUTION OF BIRD SPECIES IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1, KENDRIYA

VIDYALAYA NO.2 AND IN KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA CRPF, TALEGAON , PUNE [ MH]

JASMINSINGH P. SOLANKI AND PARTY

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 DEHUROAD, PUNE- 412101

ABSTRACT

Bird species are often encountering repeated disturbances from human activities. The Lock
down period of COVID-19 is one of the important times for avifauna with fewer human
disturbances. Relative and distribution of bird species in Pune city. In the present study, the
line and point transect method was followed in 4 different study areas of both KVS present in
dehuroad, Pune city. The relative abundance of birds during the lockdown period was much
higher than in the post-lockdown period. The finding of results showed greater relative
abundance in KVS NO.1 area, and KVS NO.2 while least in the KVS CRPF area. The avian
fauna of the study area is dominated by insectivorous birds. The results emphasize that the
richness of bird numbers is likely to be favored with less human disturbance in the study
areas of Pune city.

AN INTRODUCTION

During our anusandhan camp, we surveyed different regions like K.V 1 dehu road campus,
K.V 2 dehu road campus, and K.V C.R.P.F talegoan campus.
during our survey, we very closely observed the wildlife biodiversity near the region of
western ghats and the Deccan plateau region.
the climate of dehu road was comparatively drier than that of talegoan, the temperature of
talegoan was very humid and species of lizards, birds, and butterflies were widespread
there. While in this camp we learned about the faunal diversity living near western ghats and
the Deccan plateau.
the climate of pune is hot and humid, serving as the home of several species of birds and
many other species of bettles, butterflies, and lizards.
In K.V campuses lying near dehu road, we can easily observe a dragonfly (odonata), beetle
(Coleoptera), and butterfly (Lepidoptera).
We observed more than 50 species of birds and several species of Odonata.
acknowledgment
i would like to show my gratitude towards dr A.k Mishra sir (principal K.V 1),dr Basudev
Tripathy (chief officer in charge), and the faculty of Z.S.I and the teaching staff of K.V 1 dehu
road for guiding us during our summer camp.

During our anusandhan camp, we surveyed different regions like K.V 1 dehu road campus,
K.V 2 dehu road campus, and K.V C.R.P.F talegoan campus. During our survey we very
closely observed the wildlife biodiversity near the region of western ghats and Deccan
plateau reigon.
the climate of dehu road was comparatively drier than that of talegoan,temprature of
talegoan was very humid and species of lizards, birds and butterflies were very common
there.while this camp we came to know about the faunal diversity living near western ghats
and deccan plateau.
the climate of Pune is hot and humid that's it serves as the home to several species of birds
and many other species of bettles, butterflies, and lizards.
In K.V campuses lying near dehu road, we can easily observe a dragonfly (Odonata), beetle
(Coleoptera), and butterfly (Lepidoptera).
We observed more than 50 species of birds and several species of Odonata.
acknowledgment
I would like to show my gratitude towards dr A.k Mishra sir (principal K.V 1),dr basudev
Tripathy (chief officer in charge), and the faculty of Z.S.I and the teaching staff of K.V 1 dehu
road for guiding us during our summer camp.

MATERIAL and METHODS

Relative abundance of bird species was recorded in 4 different study areas of Pune city,
keeping in view of the occurrence of large avifauna in 2 regions such as Kendriya Vidyalaya
no. 1, 2 and Kendriya Vidyalaya CRPF talegaon were selected as study areas: In this study,
15 sites in each region are selected as count points. Thus in each study area, 60 count point
stations at 100 meters intervals were established. Line transect methods were followed to
study the bird's count. Data was gathered through transect walks from one count point to
another for the opportunistic sightings of birds. Bird survey was done in all 4 regions during
the summer vacation period from May 24, 2022, to June 5, 2022. Birds were counted at
each station in the early morning from 7.00 to 11.00 hrs for 10 minutes. The birds were
counted by visiting 4 alternative days of intervals for each region in order to obtain a reliable
estimate and reduce bias. During each count, all bird species and individual bird calls were
identified and recorded. Photography was done by using binoculars (8 x 42) and a Nikon
D5600 SLR camera with a 70-300mm Zoom lens. and baby camera of 1080p and 48MP
Captured photos, and Richard Grimmett [20]. The relative abundance (%) of bird species
was estimated according to Gutzwiller [16] with the following expression of n/ N X 100,
where 'n' is the number of a particular bird species and 'N' is the total observations detected
for all bird species. The percentage of food habits was calculated to understand the
occurrence of different food preferences in bird communities.

Table- 1: Bird diversity of three different campuses of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pune

district, Maharashtra, India

IUCN
S. English Common Categ
No Order Family Name Scientific Name ry

Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield,

1 Anseriformes Anatidae Lesser Whistling Duck 1821) LC

Anas poecilorhyncha J.R. Forster,

2 Anseriformes Anatidae Indian Spot-billed Duck 1781 LC
3 Galliformes Phasianidae Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 LC

4 Columbiformes Columbidae Rock Pigeon Columba livia J.F. Gmelin, 1789 LC

Streptopelia senegalensis
5 Columbiformes Columbidae Laughing Dove (Linnaeus, 1766) LC

Centropus sinensis (Stephens,

6 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Greater Coucal 1815) LC

Clamator jacobinus (Boddaert,

7 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Pied Cuckoo 1783) LC

Eudynamys scolopaceus
8 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Asian Koel (Linnaeus, 1758) LC

9 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797) LC

Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl,

10 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Grey-bellied Cuckoo 1797) LC

Caprimulgida Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham,

11 Caprimulgiformes e Indian Nightjar 1790 LC

12 Caprimulgiformes Apodidae Indian House Swift Apus affinis (J.E. Gray, 1830) LC

Cypsiurus balasiensis (J.E. Gray,

13 Caprimulgiformes Apodidae Asian Palm Swift 1829) LC

White-breasted Amaurornis phoenicurus

14 Gruiformes Rallidae Waterhen (Pennant, 1769) LC

Recurvirostri Himantopus himantopus

15 Charadriiformes dae Black-winged Stilt (Linnaeus, 1758) LC

16 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783) LC

Mycteria leucocephala (Pennant,

17 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Painted Stork 1769) NT
 Phalacrocora
18 Suliformes cidae Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817) LC

19 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 LC

20 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Great Egret Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 LC

21 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia Wagler, 1829 LC

22 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Little Egret Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) LC

23 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) LC

24 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832) LC

Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines,

25 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Black-winged Kite 1789) LC

Accipiter badius (J.F. Gmelin,

26 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Shikra 1788) LC

27 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Black Kite Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) LC

28 Strigiformes Strigidae Spotted Owlet Athene brama (Temminck, 1821) LC

White-throated Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus,

29 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Kingfisher 1758) LC

30 Coraciiformes Meropidae Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Latham, 1801 LC

Megalaimida Psilopogon haemacephalus

31 Piciformes e Coppersmith Barbet (Statius Muller, 1776) LC

Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus,

32 Psittaciformes Psittaculidae Alexandrine Parakeet 1766) NT

Psittacula krameri (Scopoli,

33 Psittaciformes Psittaculidae Rose-ringed Parakeet 1769) LC
 Tephrodornis pondicerianus (J.F.
34 Passeriformes Vangidae Common Woodshrike Gmelin, 1789) LC

35 Passeriformes Aegithinidae Common Iora Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus, 1758) LC

Rhipidura albogularis (Lesson,

36 Passeriformes Rhipiduridae Spot-breasted Fantail 1832) LC

Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot,

37 Passeriformes Dicruridae Black Drongo 1817 LC

38 Passeriformes Corvidae House Crow Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 LC

Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler,

39 Passeriformes Corvidae Large-billed Crow 1827 LC

40 Passeriformes Paridae Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus Vieillot, 1818 LC

Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant,

41 Passeriformes Cisticolidae Common Tailorbird 1769) LC

42 Passeriformes Cisticolidae Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii Blyth, 1844 LC

Ptyonoprogne concolor (Sykes,

43 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Dusky Crag Martin 1832) LC

Cecropis daurica (Laxmann,

44 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Red-rumped Swallow 1769) LC

Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus,

45 Passeriformes Pycnonotidae Red-vented Bulbul 1766) LC

Leiothrichida
46 Passeriformes e Large Grey Babbler Argya malcolmi (Sykes, 1832) LC

Sturnia pagodarum (J.F. Gmelin,

47 Passeriformes Sturnidae Brahminy Starling 1789) LC
 Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus,
48 Passeriformes Sturnidae Common Myna 1766) LC

Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler,

49 Passeriformes Sturnidae Jungle Myna 1827) LC

Copsychus fulicatus (Linnaeus,

50 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Indian Robin 1766) LC

Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus,

51 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Oriental Magpie Robin 1758) LC

Tickell's Blue
52 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae Blyth, 1843 LC

53 Passeriformes Zosteropidae Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus LC

(Temminck, 1824)

Pale-billed Dicaeum erythrorhynchos

54 Passeriformes Dicaeidae Flowerpecker (Latham, 1790) LC

Leptocoma zeylonica (Linnaeus,

55 Passeriformes Nectariniidae Purple-rumped Sunbird 1766) LC

56 Passeriformes Nectariniidae Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus (Latham, 1790) LC

Euodice malabarica (Linnaeus,

57 Passeriformes Estrildidae Indian Silverbill 1758) LC

Motacilla maderaspatensis J.F.

58 Passeriformes Motacillidae White-browed Wagtail Gmelin, 1789 LC

Abbreviations: WPA: Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act., Sch.: Schedule, LC: Least Concern; NT: Near
Threatened; D1: Dehu Road KV -I; D2: Dehu Road KV 2; TG: Talegaon KV; P: Present.

STUDY AREA-

The study was conducted on the campuses of three schools located in Pune city in the hills
of the Sahyadri’s, Maharashtra via Kendriya Vidyalaya no.1, Dehruoad , Pune (18.6792° N,
73.7520° E), Kendriya Vidyalaya no.2 Dehuroad , Pune (18.6726° N, 73.7465° E) and
Kendriya Vidyalaya CRPF Talegaon (18.7211° N, 73.6580° E).
As these all are located in the “Maval” taluka which is hilly and undulating, the soil which is
found here is Clayey, Black, Deep, Moderately Well drained, strongly calcareous, and enjoys
an average rainfall of 1571.14mm. In May, when the study was conducted, the temperature
ranged from 230 C to 37 0C.

Kendrys Vidyalaya no.1 Dehuroad and Kendriya Vidyalaya no.2 dehuroad are located in
Pune city in the state of Maharashtra near the old Bombay Pune highway. The schools have
a geographical area of …. acres and …. Acres, respectively. This locality is quite far away
from the city crowd and not in the vicinity of industries. It comes under the Dehuroad
cantonment board, which is approximately located in the middle of Lonavala and Pune.

Dihu Road lies at an altitude of over 600 meters (2,000 ft), between two southeasterly
flowing tributaries of the Bhima River, the Indrani river to the north and the Pavane River to
the south. The elevation keeps the climate pleasant.

While Kendrys Vidyalaya CRPF is located in Talegaon, near the old Bombay Pune highway,
approximately 13Km away from the other two schools, and relatively has more biodiversity
as it is nearer to maval and closer to Sahyadri ranges. Its geographical area is …. acres.
The locality of the school is isolated from the hazel puzzle.

Talegaon is located at an altitude of 67 meters. The climate and weather of the region are
well known. Several small hills and lush greenery surround the pure climate of Talegaon. There
are also several lakes in Talegaon. This is how it got its name since Talegaon translates to a
lake town. Talegaon has a very favorable position. It is located in between two big cities of
Pune and Mumbai.

PUNE ON THE MAP OF INDIA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 DEHUROAD

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.2 DEHUROAD
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA CRPF TALEGOAN
RESULT:

During lockdown period, a total 3400 birds of 58 families have been recorded from the study
areas. Out of them two families Accipitidae and Muscicapidae (n=3) represented more than
the other families.Further, based on the food habits, it is noticed that the avifauna of these
study area is dominated by insectivorous (16 species) followed by Frugivorous, carnivorous,
piscivorous, omnivorous and granivorous.

DISCUSSION:

Relative abundance of birds was substantially greater during the lockdown period when,
compared with that of post-lockdown period over the study areas. With a consequence of
less noise pollution and reduced human activities in the lockdown perioa d, large number of
individual bird species was observed. In contrast with the increased traffic and human
intrusion of the post-lockdown period certain bird species like, the Indian robin, Tickell's blue
flycatcher, and Red-wattled lapwing were greatly reduced in their numbers with moderate
counts of bird species. This finding also emphasizes the importance of the role played by a
human disturbance on species' abundance and their distribution.
Consequently in all 4 study areas, the highest relative abundance of 5 bird species like
Common myna, Rostering parakeet, Rock dove, House crow, and l were gathering together
due to their coexistence of species. The possible reasons for an increased number of birds
in city limits are due to stronger association with the human population and were roughly
classified as obligatory commensals of humans, their dependence primarily on left-over food
disposed of in the open area around the residence, grain shops, and restaurant wastes. The
above observations were inconsistent with Mukherjee et al. [22] stating that certain birds are
known commensals of humans their emerging roadside vegetation also helped them in get
food along with their daily activities of roosting, foraging, and nesting behaviors.

However comparing the bird species in between the lockdown and post-lockdown periods,
certain birds Ashy Prinia, Great coucal, Oriental Magpie robin, Indian robin, white-throated
kingfisher, red vented bulbul, were moderately abundant from one study area to another.
This might be due to the distribution of bird species to lesser human interference areas. Our
result is inconsistent with the findings of Gutzwiller and Anderson [23]: And ferbabdez-Juricic
[24] on the effect of human disturbance in bird assemblage composition and distribution.

The percent of abundance in all study areas. It is apparent from the , that the avifauna of
study areas is dominated by insectivorous birds. The availability of phytophagous insects in
turn substantially increased the number of insectivorous passerine birds. The possible
reasons of their higher density are with the substantial increase in insect population over the
monsoon season might have avail the coexistence of bird species. However, It was also
observed that lesser human disturbance with absence of noithe se pollution helped these
bird song signals connecting many individual species resulting in a communication network
and their gathering. Increasing levels of anthropogenic noise interferes with such
communication [25], it is the fact that birdso change the frequency and amplitude of their
songs in response to noise. Increasing the calling amplitude by the signaler under greater
noise exposure is termed the Lombard effect [26]. Further in the present study it is observed
that birds singing calls were made from higher canopies of trees in noisy environment during
post-lockdown period. However, interestingly with the advance of Monsoon season (report
from Indian meteorological Department- https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd) increase number of
Asian koel, purple rumped sunbirds and black kite bird species was due to seasonal
differences in movement of birds during post-lockdown period.

However, White ibis, Brahminy kite, Cattle egret, Red naped ibis and White throated
kingfisher species are being found occurring largely on the water sources. This is due to the
preference of water resources to look for their food. It was observed that the availability of
food resources in waste water running along the city and marsh pools is best locations for
sitting of these birds. This result indicated that the relationship between birds and habitats
influence on the distribution and diversity of avian species. The study clearly indicates that
the relationship between birds and habitats was shaped by availability of food resources and
type of vegetative structure. These birds also preferred to forage in less human interference
avoid disturbance made by various human activities.

CONCLUSION:
Lesser human activities and noise pollution during Lockdown period of COVID-19 is
favorable conditions for bird abundances and its distributions. In absence of human
disturbances it was considered as an important time for bird species to perform roasting,
communication and foraging behaviors. The results emphasis that relative abundance of bird
numbers among all the four study areas was greater during lockdown than in post-lockdown
period. The impact of human activities on bird species is apparent with decline or absence of
certain bird species number during post lockdown period. Further occurrence and
coexistence of bird community in the study areas were also largely dependent on availability
of food resources such as water bodies or Insect abundance in their habitats. Bird species
abundance not only adds aesthetic value to human life but also good indicators of biological
richness.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

Author is grateful to Department of Zoology, Maharani's science college for women for
providing the laboratory facilities.

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