Exam MCQ Pathfiz

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education
"Bashkir State Medical University" of the
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Department of Pathological Anatomy

Specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine
Full-time education
Discipline "Pathological anatomy, Clinical pathological anatomy"
1. Pathological process, which arises out of violations of tissue (cellular) metabolism, leading to structural changes is ... 3
1. apoptosis
2. hypoxia
3. dystrophy
4. hyperemia
5. the tumor
2. To non-lethal damage of cells and tissues are ... 2

1. necrosis
2. dystrophy
3. apoptosis
4. gangrene
3. To lethal damage of cells and tissues are ... 1,3

1. necrosis
2. dystrophy
3. apoptosis
4. atrophy
4. The main reasons for the development of dystrophy are ... 1,2,4
1. violation of autoregulation of the cell
2. dysfunction of transport systems
3. disorders of proliferation and differentiation of cells
4. disorders of neurohumoral regulation
5. Depending on localization distinguish pathological accumulation (dystrophy) ... 1,4

1. intracellular (parenchymal)
2. mineral
3. congenital
4. the extracellular (stromal-vascular)
6. Pathological accumulation (dystrophy) in which deposits are the products of disturbed metabolism are observed in the parenchyma and in 3
the stroma of affected tissue, called ...
1. stromal vascular
2. parenchymal
3. mixed
4. hereditary
7. On the chemical nature of the substances accumulating dystrophy are ... 1,2,3,5
1. protein
2. fat
3. carbohydrate
4. hormonal
5. mineral
8. Morphogenetic mechanisms of pathological accumulation (dystrophies) are ... 1,3

1. decomposition
2. exudation
3. infiltration
4. proliferation
5. malformation
9. Morphogenetic mechanisms of pathological accumulation (dystrophies) are ... 1,2,4,5

1. infiltration
2. decomposition
3. exudation
4. transformation
5. perverted synthesis
10. Excessive penetration of the products of metabolism from the blood and lymph into the cells and intercellular substance with their 3
subsequent accumulation is ...
1. transformation
2. decomposition (phaneros)
3. infiltration
11. The collapse of ultrastructure cells and the intercellular substance is ... 2
1. transformation
3. infiltration
12. Education unusual body substances is ... 4
1. transformation
3. infiltration
13. The transformation products of one type of exchange to another is ... 1

1. transformation
2. decomposition
3. infiltration
14. Intracellular (parenchymal) pathological accumulations are ... 2,4

1. amyloidosis
2. hyaline droplet degeneration
3. hyalinosis
4. hydropic dystrophy
15. To intracellular accumulation of lead: 1,4,5

1. inadequate removal of metabolites
2. accelerated removal of exogenous substances
3. accelerated allocation of metabolic products
4. the inability of excretion of exogenous substances
5. the acceleration of the formation of natural metabolites
16. Large protein droplets in the cytoplasm of cells appear in ... dystrophy 2
1. granular
2. hyaline droplets
3. hydropic
4. Horny
17. Vacuoles with fluid in the cytoplasm of cells appear in ... dystrophy 3
1. granular
2. hyaline droplets
3. hydropic
4. Horny
18. For nephrotic syndrome, the most characteristic ... degeneration of the epithelium of the renal tubules 1
1. hyaline droplets
2. hydropic
3. Horny
4. fat
19. For hepatitis b ... the most typical dystrophy of hepatocytes 2

1. hyaline droplets
2. hydropic
3. Horny
4. fat
20. Intracellular accumulation of glycogen observed in ... 4,5

1. anemia
2. obesity
3. alcoholism
4. thesaurismosis
5. diabetes
21. Fatty degeneration of the myocardium often develops on the mechanism ... 2
1. infiltration
2. decomposition
3. the perverted synthesis
4. transformation
22. For "tiger" of the heart is characterized by the accumulation in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes ... 4
1. proteins
2. calcium salts
3. lipofuscin
4. fat
5. carbohydrates
23. For macroscopic pattern of fatty degeneration of the myocardium typical ... heart 1,3,4
1. the increase in size
2. thick consistency
3. in the context of a kind of clay
4. the expansion of the cavities
24. Fatty liver often develops on the mechanism ... 1,4

1. infiltration
2. decomposition
3. the perverted synthesis
4. transformation
25. In the fatty degeneration of the liver. 1,4,5

1. increased
2. reduced
3. dense
4. flabby
5. yellow
26. To identify fat accumulation use coloring of histological sections ... 3
1. with hematoxylin and eosin
2. with fuchsin
3. Sudan
4. Congo red
27. To the stromal-vascular dystrophy protein are ... 1,2,3

1. mucoid swelling
2. fibrinoidnogo swelling
3. hyalinosis
4. necrosis
28. Hyalinosis is the outcome ... 3

1. fatty degeneration of cells
2. colliquation necrosis
3. progressive disorganization of connective tissue
4. fatty infiltration of stroma
29. The hyalinosis of vessels characteristic of ... 1,3

1. hypertension
2. acute pneumonia
3. diabetes
4. viral hepatitis
30. The types of extracellular (stromal-vascular) pathological accumulations are ... 1,3
1. hyalinosis
2. hydropic dystrophy
3. amyloidosis
4. phaneros
31. Obesity heart characterizes ... 1,2

1. obesity stroma of the myocardium
2. obesity subepicardial fiber
3. identification of fat in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes
4. "tiger" heart
32. In mixed dystrophies products of disturbed metabolism are laid ... 1,2,3,4
1. in the parenchyma of organs
2. in the stroma of organs
3. in the walls of blood vessels
4. in the capsule of organs
33. Mixed type is usually postponed ... 1,4

1. pigments
2. lipids
3. carbohydrates
4. minerals
34. To endogenous pigments are ... 1,3,4,5

1. hemosiderin
2. cholesterol
3. melanin
4.ferritin
5. lipofuscin
35. To hemoglobinopathy pigments are ... 2,3,5

1. melanin
2. hemosiderin
3. bilirubin
4. lipofuscin
5. muriatic hematin
36. To endogenous pigments are produced only under pathological conditions are 3,4
1. bilirubin
2. hemosiderin
3. muriatic hematin
4. enomelanin
5. lipofuscin
37. The hemosiderosis of the liver leads ... 1,2,3

1. hemolytic anemia
2. transfusion of blood kinogruppe
3. poisoning hemolytic poisons
4. obesity hepatocytes
5. progressive massive liver necrosis
38. In hemochromatosis there exists an excessive accumulation in the tissues ... 2

1. enomelanin
2. hemosiderin
3. bilirubin
4. lipofuscin
5. cholesterol
39. Hemosiderin gives the organs (tissues) ... color 4

1. black
2. yellow
3. red
4. brown
5. grey
40. To identify iron-containing pigment in histological sections using the color ... 3
1. hematoxylin and eosin
2. Pas-reaction
3. the reaction of Perls
4. impregnation with silver salts
5. painting Sudan
41. To proteinogenic (tyrosinaemia) pigments are ... 3,4

1. lipofuscin
2. lipogram
3. adrenochrome
4. melanin
5. bilirubin
42. Local hypermilers develops when ... 3,4

1. albinism
2. Addison's disease
3. melanoma
4. newuse
43. Addison's (bronze) disease is a manifestation ... 1

1. General hypermelanosis
2. General hypomelanosis
3. local hypermelanosis
44. Albinism is a manifestation of ... 2

1. General hypermelanosis
2. General hypomelanosis
45. The types of pathological calcification are ... 2,5

1. necrotic
2. degenerative
3. atrophic
4. hypertrophic
5. metastatic
46. The development of rickets associated with impaired metabolism, and ... 2,4
1. copper
2. calcium
3. iron
4. phosphorus
47. Necrosis is ... 1

1. cell death in vivo
2. programmed cell death
3. the accumulation of the products of the broken metabolism
4. the uncontrolled proliferation of cells
48. To changes the cells during necrosis include ... 1,2,3,4

1. karyopyknosis
2. karyorhexis
3. karyolysis
4. plasmahouse
5. plasmatic impregnation
49. The main symptom of a dead cell is ... 2

1. the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles with liquid
2. absence of nucleus
3. the destruction of intercellular contacts
4. the granularity of the cytoplasm and nucleus
50. Morphological verification of in vivo necrotic changes is ... 4

1. the disappearance of dead cells nuclei
2. the disintegration of the cytoplasm
3. the deposition of calcium salts
4. the presence of the demarcation of the inflammatory response
5. the formation of apoptotic Taurus
51. Types of necrosis depending on the reasons ... 2,3,5

1. inflammatory
2. traumatic
3. vascular
4. degenerative
5. allergic
52. Clinical-morphological forms of necrosis are ... 1,2,5

1. the sequester
2. gangrene
3. cyst
4. cellulitis
5. a heart attack
53. Types dry necrosis are ... 1,3

1. cheesy
2. colliquation
3. waxy
4. the focus of grey encephalomalacia
54. Fibrinoid necrosis characteristic of ... 3,5

1. syphilis
2. Hodgkin's disease
3. rheumatism
4. tuberculosis
5. peptic ulcer disease
55. Caseation is characteristic of ... 2,5

2. tuberculosis
3. rheumatism
4. typhoid
5. syphilis
56. A typical variant of necrosis in the brain is ... 4

1. gangrene
2. the sequester
3. coagulation
4. colliquation
57. A typical localization colliquation necrosis is ... 3

1. heart
2. spleen
3. the brain
4. kidney
58. Necrosis of tissues in contact with the external environment is ... 3

1. apoptosis
2. a heart attack
3. gangrene
4. the sequester
59. Land of the dead tissue is not exposed to autolysis it ... 4

1. apoptosis
2. a heart attack
3. gangrene
4. the sequester
5. bedsore
60. A heart attack is ... 2

1. trophoneurosis necrosis
2. ischemic necrosis
3. traumatic necrosis
4. toxic necrosis
5. allergic necrosis
61. The immediate cause of the heart attack are ... 2,4,5
1. arterial hyperemia
2. the thrombosis
3. "corrosion" of the vascular wall
4. embolism
5. prolonged vasospasm
62. On the morphology of a heart attack is ... 1,2,3

1. white (ischemic)
2. red (hemorrhagic)
3. white with hemorrhagic aureole
4. red with ischemic Corolla
63. White (ischemic) infarction occurs more often in ... 2

1. heart
2. the brain
3. the kidneys
4. light
5. the gut
64. Red (hemorrhagic) infarction occurs more often in ... 4,5

1. heart
2. the brain
3. the kidneys
4. light
5. the gut
65. White (ischemic) infarction with hemorrhagic halo occurs more often in ... 1,3
1. heart
2. the brain
3. the kidneys
4. light
5. the gut
66. Favorable outcomes of necrosis are ... 1,2,4

1. ossification
2. encapsulation
3. purulent fusion
4. petrification
67. The outcome of wet necrosis of the brain can be ... 3
1. petrification
2. ossification
3. cyst
4. scarring
5. encapsulation
68. The organization is the outcome of necrosis, characterized by ... 1

1. replacement by connective tissue
2. purulent melting
4. the formation of cysts
69. Petrification is the outcome of necrosis, characterized by ... 3

1. replacement by connective tissue
2. the formation of capsules
4. education bones
5. the formation of cysts
70. Apoptosis is ... 2

1. cell death in vivo
2. programmed cell death
3. the accumulation of the products of the broken metabolism
4. the uncontrolled proliferation of cells
71. To violations of blood circulation in the organs (tissues) are ... 1,4
1. hyperemia
2. thrombosis
3. diabetes
4. ischemia
5. embolism
72. The main cause of arterial plethora is ... 3

1. the decrease in blood flow
2. obstruction of outflow of blood
3. the increased blood flow
4. the increase flow of blood
5. stop blood flow
73. The color of the tissues with arterial plethora ... 1

1. bright red
2. pale
3. cyanotic
4. icteric
74. The main cause of venous plethora is ... 2

5. stop blood flow
75. Venous plethora could be ... 2,3

1. vakatnoe
2. local
3. common
4. postischemic
5. decompression
76. General venous hyperemia develops at ... 4,5

1. compression of the superior Vena cava
2. thrombosis of the portal vein
3. the compression of the tumor to the renal vein
4. heart disease
5. myocardial infarction
77. Morphological manifestations of acute venous plethora in the pulmonary circulation is ... 3
1. brown lungs induration
2. anasarca
3. pulmonary edema
4. hydrothorax
78. Phase of pulmonary edema ... 1,4

1. interstitial
2. intermediary
3. parenchymal
4. alveolar
5. bronchial
79. With chronic venous plethora of internal organs ... 3,4,5

1. reduced in size
2. have a flabby consistency
3. have a dense consistency
4. increased in size
5. have a bluish color
80. With chronic venous plethora of lungs become ... and ... 3,4
1. dark red
2. flabby
3. dense
4. brown
81. Causes of changes color and texture and light with brown induration ... 1,3
1. sclerosis
2. amyloidosis
3. hemosiderosis
4. necrosis
5. hyperplanes
82. Causes of chronic venous congestion in the pulmonary circulation can be ... 3,4
1. compression of the superior Vena cava
2. compression of the inferior Vena cava
3. mitral stenosis
4. chronic left ventricular heart failure
5. chronic right ventricular heart failure
83. Signs of chronic heart insufficiency are ... 1,3,5

1. widespread edema (anasarca)
2. myxedema
3. cientifica indurate kidney, spleen
4. vasculitis
5. hydrothorax
84. Signs of chronic venous congestion in the systemic circulation are ... 2,4,5
1. pulmonary hypertension
2. anasarca
3. hemoptysis
4. ascites
5. nutmeg liver
85. Signs of chronic venous congestion in the pulmonary circulation are ... 1,3
2. anasarca
3. hemoptysis
4. ascites
5. nutmeg liver
86. The figurative name of liver at chronic venous plethora ... 4

1. sebaceous
2. sago
3. brown
4. nutmeg
5. glaze
87. For nutmeg liver is characterized by ... 1,4

1. a plethora of Central parts of lobules
2. the plethora of peripheral parts of lobules
3. fatty degeneration of hepatocytes in the center of lobules
4. fatty degeneration of hepatocytes at the periphery of lobules
88. Skin at total venous plethora ... 3

1. bright red
2. pale
3. cyanotic
4. icteric
89. Ascites is ... 2

1. massive widespread edema subcutaneous tissue
2. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the abdominal cavity
3. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the pleural cavity
4. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the cranial cavity
90. Anasarca is ... 1

1. massive widespread edema subcutaneous tissue
2. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the abdominal cavity
3. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the pleural cavity
4. the accumulation of edematous fluid in the cranial cavity
91. The main cause of local anemia (ischemia) is ... 1

92. Ischemia can cause ... 1,2,4

1. blockage of an artery by a clot or embolus
2. prolonged vasospasm
3. the enhancement of collateral blood flow
4. the redistribution of blood
93. Acute ischemia leads to ... 2

1. bleeding
2. heart attack
3. atrophy
4. embolism
94. Long-term (chronic) ischemia leads to ... 3
1. bleeding
2. heart attack
3. atrophy
4. embolism
95. Bleeding on the mechanism of vessel rupture is typical for ... 2,5
1. avitaminosis
2. wounds
3. hemophilia
4. chronic stomach ulcer
5. cerebrovascular diseases
96. Bleeding on the mechanism of corrosion of the vessel wall is characteristic of ... 4,5
1. avitaminosis
2. clotting of blood
3. birth trauma
4. chronic stomach ulcer
5. pulmonary tuberculosis
97. Diapedese bleeding develops when ... 2

1. gunshot wound
2. the increased permeability of the vascular wall
3. lung cancer
4. chronic ulcer of the stomach
98. The types of bleeding depending on the type of the damaged vessel ... 2,3,5
1. aortic
2. blood
3. capillary
4. lampariello
5. venous
99. The accumulation of clotted blood in the tissues with the violation of their integrity is ... 2
1. hemorrhagic saturation
2. hematoma
3. ecchymosis
4. petechiae
100. The accumulation of coagulated blood in the tissue with preservation of their integrity is ... 1
1. hemorrhagic saturation
2. hematoma
3. melena
4. gemote
101. A temporary stop of blood flow in the microcirculatory vessels is ... 1

1. staz
2. thrombosis
3. hyperemia
4. embolism
102. Outcomes are stasis ... 1,2

1. resolution
2. the formation of a "hyaline thrombus"
3. vasculitis
4. the organization
103. Thrombus formation involves ... 1,2,5

1. agglutination of platelets
2. agglutination of red blood cells
3. plasma penetration of the vascular stenci
4. intravascular hemolysis
5. formation of fibrin clot
104. Macroscopic characteristics of thrombus ... 1,5

1. rough surface
2. elastic consistency
3. shiny surface
4. the lack of communication with the vascular wall
105. Macroscopic characteristics of post-mortem blood clot – ... 2,3,4

1. rough surface
2. elastic consistency
3. shiny surface
4. the lack of communication with the vascular wall
106. To the local factors of thrombosis are ... 2,3

1. increased blood flow
2. slowing of blood flow
3. damage to the vascular wall
4. increased vascular permeability
5. the bleeding disorder
107. Among the common factors of thrombosis are ... 3,5

1. increased blood flow
2. slowing of blood flow
3. the changes in the blood
5. the bleeding disorder
108. Blood clots can form ... 1,2,3

1. in the arteries
2. in the veins
3. in the cavities of the heart
4. in the abdominal cavity
5. in the lumen of hollow organs
109. Clots in composition are divided into ... 1,2,5

1. red
2. white
3. parietal
4. occlusive
5. mixed
110. In relation to the vessel lumen and blood clots are divided into ... 2,3
1. mixed
2. occlusive
3. parietal
4. intracardiac
5. floating
111. Red thrombi are formed ... 1,4

1. quickly
2. slowly
3. under conditions of rapid blood flow
4. in conditions of slow blood flow
112. White thrombi are formed: 2,3

1. quickly
2. slowly
3. under conditions of rapid blood flow
4. in conditions of slow blood flow
113. The composition of the white thrombus is composed of ... 1,2,3

1. platelets
2. leukocytes
3. fibrin
4. histiocytes
5. myeloblast
114. In red thrombus is composed of ... 1,2,3,4

1. platelets
2. fibrin
3. erythrocytes
4. leukocytes
5. histiocytes
115. For phlebothrombosis typical ... 1,4

1. the absence of inflammation of the vessel wall
2. inflammation of the vessel wall
3. disease
4. thrombotic masses in the lumen of the vein
116. Thrombophlebitis is characterized by the following signs ... 1,2,3,5

1. a clot in the lumen of the vein
2. leukocytic infiltration of the vein wall
3. septic meltdown clot
4. an unchanged vessel wall
5. colonies of microbes in the thrombus
117. Favorable outcomes of thrombosis are ... 1,4

1. the organization
2. sequestration
3. thromboembolism
4. aseptic lysis
5. septic lysis
118. Adverse outcomes of thrombosis are ... 2,5

1. the organization
2. detachment of thrombus and thromboembolism
3. Sewerage
4. aseptic lysis
5. septic lysis
119. The circulation of the blood (lymph) is not found in normal particles and clogging of their blood vessels is ... 3
1. staz
2. thrombosis
3. embolism
4. plasmorrhea
120. The types of emboli depending on the nature of the emboli ... 4,5
1. hemolytic
2. mechanical
3. parenchymal
4. fat
5. fabric
121. The types of emboli depending on the direction of movement of the emboli ... 1,2,4
1. orthography
2. retrograde
3. progressive
4. paradoxical
5. mechanical
122. Source of pulmonary embolism can be a clot ... 1,2,5

1. veins of the lower extremities
2. the veins of the pelvis
3. portal vein
4. pulmonary veins
5. the eyelet of the right atrium
123. Source of embolism of the arteries of the systemic circulation can be blood clots ... 3,4
1. veins of the lower extremities
2. the veins of the pelvis
3. left heart
4. aorta
5. portal vein
124. To fat embolism can cause ... 1,4

1. traumatic crushing injury of the subcutaneous tissue
2. the arrival of a large amount of fat with food
3. steatosis
4. fractures of long tubular bones
125. When fat embolism is most important blockage of capillaries ... 3,5
1. kidney
2. liver
3. light
4. heart
5. brain
126. The main feature that distinguishes thromboembol from a blood clot ... 4
1. rough surface
3. form corresponds to the size and shape of the vessel
4. there is no connection with the vascular wall
127. The cause of sudden death in pulmonary embolism is ... 4

1. failure of collateral blood flow
2. stagnation of blood in the systemic circulation
3. the minute decrease in left ventricular ejection
4. pulmonology reflex
128. Pulmonology reflex in pulmonary embolism includes ... 1,3,5

1. spasm of the muscles of the bronchial tubes
2. spasm of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract
3. spasm of pulmonary artery branches
4. spasm of pulmonary veins
5. spasm of the coronary arteries
129. Thromboembolism may develop in ... 1,2,3

1. warty endocarditis
2. atherosclerosis of the aorta
3. thrombophlebitis of deep veins of lower extremities
4. wound the veins of the neck
5. fracture of long bones
130. Tissue embolism is current: 2,3

1. CSF
2. blood
3. lymph
4. serous fluid
131. Tissue embolism can occur when ... 2,3

1. thromboangiitis
2. malignant tumors
3. childbirth
4. injury to major blood vessels
132. Gas embolism may occur when ... 4

2. fractures of long bones
3. the wound of the lung
4. decompression sickness
133. Air embolism may occur when ... 1,3

2. fractures of long bones
3. the wound of the lung
4. decompression sickness
134. Signs of shock can be ... 1,2,4,5

1. the formation of microthrombi in parenchymatous organs
2. hemorrhagic diathesis
3. the formation of a thrombus in the portal vein
4. centrolobular necrosis of the liver
5. necrosis of the tubular epithelium of the kidneys
135. The phases of inflammation are ... 2,3,4

1. transsoudace
2. proliferation
3. exudation
4. alteration
5. the organization
136. Phase alteration is characterized by ... 1,4

1. dystrophy and tissue necrosis
2. accumulation of exudate
3. pronounced hyperemia
4. release of inflammatory mediators
5. growth of connective tissue
137. In the phase of exudation is celebrated ... 1,2,3,5

1. inflammatory hyperemia
3. diabetes of red blood cells
4. proliferation of cells gestagennogo and hematogenous origin
5. migration of leukocytes
138. The proliferation phase is characterized by ... 4

1. tissue damage
2. blood circulation
3. formation of exudate
4. the multiplication of cells in the area of inflammation
139. The plasma mediators of inflammation are ... 1,3

1. bradykinin
2. cholesterol
3. complement system
4. metabolites of arachidonic acid
5. lysosomal enzymes
140. To cellular mediators of inflammation are ... 4,5

1. bradykinin
2. cholesterol
3. complement system
4. metabolites of arachidonic acid
5. lysosomal enzymes
141. Stages of phagocytosis are ... 1,2,3,5

1. the absorption of the object
2. education phagolysosome
3. the formation of phagocytic vacuoles
4. persistence of the pathogen in the cytoplasm of macrophage
5. the destruction and destruction of the absorbed object
142. The types of acute (exudative) inflammation ... 1,2,4

1. serous
2. fibrinous
3. granulomatous
4. purulent
5. interstitial
143. The characteristic features of serous inflammation are: 1,5

1. complete regeneration (restitution) the outcome of
2. the predominance of fibrin in the composition of the exudate
3. incomplete regeneration (substitute) in the outcome
4. frequent formation of fistulas
5. a small number of cellular elements in the exudate
144. Outcome of serous inflammation is ... 1

1. the absorption of exudate
2. cirrhosis organs
3. calcification
4. necrosis
5. osoznanie
145. The composition of fibrinous exudate ... 2,5

1. a large amount of fluid
2. a large amount of protein
3. a small amount of protein
4. a large number of white blood cells
5. a small amount of white blood cells
146. The main symptoms fibrinous inflammation are ... 3,5

1. the presence of mucus in the exudate
2. accumulation of erythrocytes in the exudate
3. film formation on the inflamed surface
4. the drainage of exudate from the inflamed surface
5. the predominance of fibrin in the exudate
147. Fibrinous inflammation in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity usually is in the nature of ... 5
1. abscess
2. croupous
3. hemorrhagic
4. putrid
5. diphtheric
148. Fibrinous inflammation in the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea usually has the character ... 2
1. abscess
2. croupous
3. hemorrhagic
4. putrid
5. diphtheric
149. Figurative name of the heart in fibrinous pericarditis – ... 4

1. tiger
2. bullish
3. nutmeg
4. hairy
5. armored
150. Outcomes of fibrinous pericarditis can be ... 3,4,5

1. rupture of the heart wall
3. obliteration of the pericardial cavity
4. armored heart
5. the absorption of exudate
151. The composition of purulent exudate ... 2,4

1. a large amount of fluid
2. a large amount of protein
3. a small amount of protein
4. a large number of white blood cells
5. a small amount of white blood cells
152. Part of purulent exudate includes 1,3,4,5

1. neutrophils
2. erythrocytes
3. proteins
4. the decay products of the tissues
5. plasma and electrolytes
153. The types of purulent inflammation of the ... 1,2,4

1. abscess
2. cellulitis
3. granuloma
4. empyema
5. gangrene
154. Focal form of purulent inflammation with the formation of a cavity is ... 1
1. abscess
2. cellulitis
3. granuloma
4. empyema
5. gangrene
155. Diffuse purulent inflammation with diffuse permeation of the tissues is ... 2
1. abscess
2. cellulitis
3. granuloma
4. empyema
5. gangrene
156. Fistulas are often complicated by inflammation ... 3

1. catarrhal
2. fibrinous
3. purulent
4. interstitial
157. Purulent inflammation is characterized by ... 2,5

1. education listopadovo film
2. a predominance of neutrophils in the exudate
3. the presence of mucus in the exudate
4. a predominance of erythrocytes in the exudate
5. areas of histolith
158. Chronic (productive) inflammation is characterized by ... 3,4,5

1. the formation of fibrinous exudate
2. the breakdown of tissue
3. progressive multiple sclerosis
4. atrophy of the tissue elements
5. the reproduction of cells gestagennogo and hematogenous origin
159. The types of chronic (productive) inflammation ... 3,4

1. diphtheric
2. croupous
3. interstitial
4. granulomatous
5. serous
160. To chronic (productive) inflammation lead ... 1,3,5

1. autoimmune diseases
2. hypertension
3. persistent infection
4. chronic venous plethora
5. prolonged exposure to toxic substances
161. Typical outcomes of a productive inflammation are ... 2,4,5

1. ulceration
2. encapsulation
3. melting
4. sclerosis
5. petrification
162. In the hearth of the productive inflammation macrophages transformirovalsya in ... 2,5
1. lymphocytes
2. giant cells
3. fibroblasts
4. plasma cells
5. epithelioid cells
163. The characteristic features of the giant cells of Pirogov-Langhans ... 1,2,4
1. a large number of nuclei
2. nuclei are located at periphery of the cell in the form of a horseshoe or ring
3. cores are placed in the center of the cell
4. the absence of primary lysosomes
5. active phagocytosis
164. A granuloma is a ... 3

1. the accumulation of neutrophils
2. accumulation of blood
3. persistent accumulation capable of phagocytosis cells
4. the presence of a fibrinous film
165. Granuloma formation is a manifestation of the reaction. 4

1. hyperergic
2. energicheskoj
3. of immediate hypersensitivity
4. of delayed-type hypersensitivity
5. normergicheskuyu
166. Granulomatous inflammation can occur when: 2,4

1. flu
2. syphilis
3. dysentery
4. tuberculosis
5. diphtheria
167. When granulomatous inflammation is the predominant tissue reaction ... 2

1. exudative
2. productive
3. alterative
4. catarrhal
168. Tuberculosis granuloma is characterized ... 2,3,4

1. the presence of neutrophils
2. the predominance of epithelioid cells
3. the presence of caseous necrosis
4. the presence of giant cells Pirogov-Langhans
5. the abundance of blood vessels with symptoms of endovasculitis
169. Tuberculosis granuloma form ... 1,2,4

2. lymphocytes
3. leukocytes
4. giant cells of Pirogov-Langhans
5. erythrocytes
170. Possible outcomes of tuberculous granulomas are ... 1,2,4

1. fibrosis
2. total necrosis
3. resorption
4. calcification
171. Gunma is an expression ... of tissue reaction 4

1. alterative
2. exudative
3. hemorrhagic
4. productive
172. For syphilitic gum typical ... 1,2,3,5

1. the presence of blood vessels
2. the predominance of plasma cells
3. the presence of necrosis in the center
4. a large number of giant cells Pirogov Langhans
5. endovasculitis
173. Features of granulomas around foreign bodies are ... 3,4

1. the formation of abscesses
2. exudative tissue reaction
3. productive tissue reaction
4. the predominance of giant cells of foreign bodies
5. the predominance of giant cells Pirogov-Langhans
174. Favorable outcomes of inflammation are ... 2,3

1. necrosis
2. full regeneration
3. sclerosis
4. generalization
175. Adverse outcomes of inflammation are ... 1,4

1. the chronic
2. full regeneration
3. sclerosis
4. generalization
176. The signs of reaction are GNT ... 1,3,4,5

1. develops within 30-60 minutes
2. cellular composition is predominantly lymphocytes
3. serous-hemorrhagic inflammation
4. fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls
5. fibrin clots in blood vessels
177. Characteristics of DTH reactions are ... 1,2

1. develops within 24 hours and more
2. cellular composition is predominantly lymphocytes
3. cellular composition is predominantly granulocytes
4. fibrinous exudate
178. The immune system's response to normal antigens of own tissues is ... 2
1. Allergy
2. autoimmunization
3. immunodeficiency
4. the reaction of graft rejection
179. Adaptive processes ... 1,3

1. cover both health and disease
2. found only in pathology
3. aimed at the conservation of the species
4. aimed at "saving ourselves"
180. Adaptation (adaptation) can occur ... 1,2,5

1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. dystrophy
4. necrosis
5. organization
181. Compensatory processes ... 2,4

1. cover both health and disease
2. found only in pathology
3. aimed at the conservation of the species
4. aimed at "saving ourselves"
182. Compensation may occur ... 2

1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. dystrophy
4. necrosis
5. organization
183. Phases in the development of the compensatory process are ... 1,3,4
1. phases of formation
2. phase reparations
3. phase of consolidation
4. phase of exhaustion
184. Atrophy is ... 1

1. in vivo reduction of volume of cells, tissues, organs
2. the increase of cells, tissues, organs
3. replacement of connective tissue
4. the transition from one fabric to the other, kindred species
185. Manifestations of local atrophy are ... 1,3,4

1. atrophy from the pressure
2. nutritional depletion
3. neuroticescoy atrophy
4. dysfunctional atrophy
186. Appearance body atrophy ... 1,3,4

1. sizes are often reduced
2. the size sharply increased
3. color brown
4. possible shrinkage
187. Causes hydronephrosis (kidney atrophy from pressure) can be ... 1,2,4
1. cicatricial stricture of the ureter
2. urolithiasis
3. renal artery stenosis
4. prostate adenoma
188. Hypertrophy is ... 2
189. The types of adaptive (adaptive) hypertrophy are ... 1,2

1. hypertrophic growth
2. neurohumoral
3. vicar
4. alimentary
5. working
190. The types of compensatory hypertrophy are ... 3,5

1. hypertrophic growth
2. neurohumoral
3. vicar
4. alimentary
5. working
191. Examples of compensatory hypertrophy are ... 1,5

1. hypertrophy of the heart in valvular heart diseases
2. hypertrophy of pregnant uterus
3. hypertrophy of the mammary glands during lactation
4. gynecomastia
5. hypertrophy of the bladder wall in nodular hyperplasia of prostate
192. When compensated myocardial hypertrophy are observed: 2,5

1. myogenic dilatation of the cavities
2. tonogennoy dilatation of the cavities
3. fatty degeneration of myocardium
4. cardio
5. increasing the thickness of the ventricular myocardium
193. In decompensated myocardial hypertrophy are observed ... 1,3,4,5

1. myogenic dilatation of the cavities
2. tonogennoy dilatation of the cavities
4. cardio
5. signs of circulatory failure
194. Mechanism of hypertrophy of the cells is ... 2

1. the increase in the number of cells
2. the increase in the number of ultrastructure
3. the growth of connective tissue
4. the replacement of fat tissue
195. The mechanism of hyperplasia of the cells is: 1

1. the increase in the number of cells
2. the increase in the number of ultrastructure
3. the growth of connective tissue
4. the replacement of fat tissue
196. The organization is ... 3

197. The organization is a favorable outcome ... 1,2

1. thrombosis
2. necrosis
3. pathological accumulation (dystrophies)
4. amyloidosis
198. Organizations can be subjected to ... 2,3

1. the masses of amyloid
2. blood clots
3. a heart attack
4. tumors
199. Metaplasia is ... 4

200. Metaplasia of connective tissue is possible in ... 1,3

1. bone
2. nervous
3. cartilage
4. muscle
5. epithelial
201. Types of regeneration are ... 2,3,5

1. senile
2. reparative
3. pathological
4. inflammatory
5. physiological
202. Forms of regeneration are ... 3,5

1. organ
2. vicar
3. cell
4. substitution
5. intracellular
203. Manifestations of physiological regeneration are ... 1,2,4

1. update the cellular elements of the stroma of organs
2. the renewal of the cells of the vascular wall
3. the formation of scar tissue
4. update of parenchymatous elements
204. Manifestations of reparative regeneration are ... 1,3

1. the appearance of the scar at the site of skin wounds
2. update cellular elements of the blood
3. regenerative hypertrophy of the myocardium
4. the formation of nodes regenerates liver cirrhosis
205. The cellular form of regeneration characteristic of ... 2,4

1. neurons of the CNS
2. of the intestinal epithelium
3. cardiomyocytes
4. hepatocytes
206. Exclusively the intracellular form of the regeneration characteristic ... 1,3
1. neurons of the CNS
2. of the intestinal epithelium
3. cardiomyocytes
4. hepatocytes
207. Regenerative hypertrophy of the myocardium is carried out by ... 2,3,4

1. hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes
2. hyperplasia of intracellular ultrastructure
3. hyperplasia of the fibrous structures of the stroma
4. hyperplasia of intramural blood vessels
208. Microscopy of the heart revealed a scar on the former site of infarction, which is surrounded increase in the size of cardiomyocytes. We 1,2
are talking about the following types of regeneration ...
1. substitute (incomplete regeneration)
2. regenerative hypertrophy
3. metaplasia
4. dysplasia
5. restitution (complete regeneration)
209. Conditions for wound healing by primary intention are ... 1,3
1. small traumatic swelling
2. the inflammatory response in the wound
3. a small hemorrhage in the wound
4. the diastasis (separation) of the wound edges apart
210. The bulk of the maturing granulation tissue are ... 1,3
1. fibroblasts
2. leukocytes
3. collagen fibers
4. erythrocytes
211. Proto-oncogenes are characterized by ... 1,2,5

1. included in the genome of normal cells
2. included in the genome of some viruses
3. found only in tumor cells
4. inhibit carcinogenesis
5. encode oncoproteins
212. Based on tumor cell proliferation are ... 1,2,5

1. changes in their genetic apparatus
2. activation of proto-oncogenes
3. activation of antioncogene
4. inactivation of proto-oncogenes
5. synthesis of oncoproteins
213. The main principle of the morphological classification of tumors is ... 3

1. biochemical
2. ultrastructural
3. histogenetic
4. prognostic
214. Physical carcinogens include ... 2,4

1. high atmospheric pressure
2. ionizing radiation
3. low temperature
4. ultraviolet radiation
5. tobacco smoke
215. Chemical carcinogens are ... 2,4,5
1. ethanol
2. benzene
3. nicotine
4. aniline dyes
5. benzopyrene
216. Oncogenic viruses are ... 2,4

1. the flu virus
2. the human papilloma virus
3. the virus of HFRS
4. hepatitis C virus
217. The atypical tumors is ... 1,2,4,5

1. morphological
2. biochemical
3. physical
4. antigenic
5. functional
218. Morphological irregularities of the tumor may be ... 2,5

1. biochemical
2. fabric
3. antigenic
4. functional
5. cell
219. Fabric irregularities is expressed in ... 1

1. violation of the ratio of parenchyma and stroma
2. change the shape and size of cells
3. hyperchromia cores
4. the appearance of pathological mitoses
5. hypochromia cores
220. Cellular atypical is expressed in ... 2,3,4

1. violation of the ratio of parenchyma and stroma
2. change the shape and size of cells
3. hyperchromia cores
4. the appearance of pathological mitoses
5. hypochromia cores
221. Types of tumor growth relative to the surrounding tissues are ... 1,4
1. expansive
2. progressive
3. endophytic
4. invasive
5. exophytic
222. Types of tumor growth relative to the lumen of the hollow organ are ... 3,5
1. expansive
2. progressive
3. endophytic
4. invasive
5. exophytic
223. Characteristics of expansive tumor growth are ... 1,2

1. the growth with the deformation of neighboring tissues
2. the formation of a capsule around the site
3. infiltrative growth
4. the germination of the basal membrane
5. the lack of clear boundaries from non-tumoral tissue
224. Signs of infiltrative growth of tumors are ... 1,2

1. germination of the tumor capsules of organs and blood vessels
2. the penetration of tumor cells into adjacent organs
3. the presence of capsules
4. clear boundaries of the tumor tissue
225. Possible ways of metastasis of malignant tumors of epithelium are ... 1,2,3
1. hematogenous
2. lymphogenous
3. implant
4. liquorologic
226. A benign tumor characterized ... 1,5

1. high differentiation of tumor cells
2. low differentiation of tumor cells
3. the ability to metastasize
5. expansive growth
227. Malignant tumor is characterized ... 2,3,4

1. high differentiation of tumor cells
2. low differentiation of tumor cells
3. the ability to metastasize
5. expansive growth
228. Secondary changes in tumors include ... 1,2,3,5
1. necrosis and hemorrhage
2. osoznanie
3. hyalinosis of stroma
4. metastasis
5. calcification
229. The local effect of the tumor on the body expressed in ... 1,3
1. compression and destruction of surrounding tissues
2. cachexia
3. obstruction of a hollow organ
4. paraneoplastic syndromes
230. The overall impact of the tumor on the body expressed in ... 2,4
1. compression and destruction of surrounding tissues
2. cachexia
3. obstruction of a hollow organ
4. paraneoplastic syndromes
231. For sarcomas is characterized by: 1,4

1. more common in children
2. more common in adults
3. metastasize predominantly lymphokine
4. metastasize predominantly hematogenous
232. For carcinoma (cancer) is characterized by ... 2,3

1. more common in children
3. metastasize predominantly lymphokine
4. metastasize predominantly hematogenous
233. Benign (Mature) tumors of mesenchymal origin are ... 2,5

1. melanoma
2. osteoma
3. carcinoma
4. cellulitis
5. angioma
234. Malignant (immature) tumors of mesenchymal origin are ... 2

1. melanoma
2. liposarcoma
3. atheroma
4. adenocarcinoma
5. raʙdomioma
235. Benign tumors of adipose tissue are ... 1,4

1. lipoma
2. atheroma
3. chondroma
4. hibernoma
236. Benign tumors of muscle tissue are ... 1,2

1. leiomyoma
2. raʙdomioma
3. melanoma
4. nevus
237. Benign tumors of vascular origin are ... 1,3

1. hemangioma
2. lymphoma
3. lymphangioma
4. hibernoma
238. Malignant tumor of bone ... 2

1. osteoma
2. osteosarcoma
3. chondrosarcoma
4. angiosarcoma
239. To malignant tumors of connective tissue origin are ... 1,4

1. malignant histiocytoma
2. fibroids
3. liposarcoma
4. fibrosarcoma
240. Source of sarcomas can be ... fabric 3,4,5

1. nervous
2. epithelial
3. bone
4. muscle
5. fat
241. Sarcoma is characterized ... 3,5

1. the tumor cells form glands
2. appearance, mostly in elderly and senile age
3. mainly hematogenous metastasis
4. development of epithelial tissue
5. the development of tissues of mesenchymal origin
242. The main route of metastasis of sarcoma is ... 2
1. lymphogenous
2. hematogenous
3. perineural
4. implant
243. Benign epithelial tumors include ... 2,4

1. angioma
2. adenoma
3. sarcoma
4. papilloma
5. melanoma
244. Papilloma may develop from ... 1,2,4

1. a multilayered keratinized epithelium
2. multilayered epithelium neorogovevayuschy
3. single-layer epithelium of the mucous membranes
4. transitional epithelium
5. the glandular parenchyma of the organs
245. Papilloma can occur ... 1,2,4

1. on the skin
2. in the mouth
3. in the stomach
4. in the bladder
5. in the liver
246. The characteristic features of derma ... 1,3,4,5

1. the papillary structure
2. cellular polymorphism
3. submerged growth (acanthosis)
4. stroma is well expressed and grows with epithelium
5. a continuous basement membrane at the border of the parenchyma and stroma
247. Microscopic characteristics of the papilloma ... 1,2,3,5

1. the thickness of the layer of the tumor parenchyma uneven
2. stored polarity and complexity
3. the basement membrane is integral
4. the basement membrane is destroyed
5. often there is hyperkeratosis
248. Adenoma may develop from ... 3,5

1. a multilayered keratinized epithelium
2. multilayered epithelium neorogovevayuschy
3. single-layer epithelium of the mucous membranes
4. transitional epithelium
5. the glandular parenchyma of the organs
249. The characteristics of the adenoma ... 1,3

1. develops from the glandular epithelium
2. often develops on the skin
3. tissue irregularities
4. cellular irregularities
5. invasive growth
250. Microscopic characteristics of the adenoma ... 1,3,4

1. built of many glands
2. often there are "cancer pearls"
3. cancer can be of different size and shape
4. each gland has a continuous basal membrane
5. the lining of glands formed by atypical pleomorphic cells
251. The term "cancer" (cancer) denote ... 4

1. all malignant tumors
2. all epithelial tumors
3. benign epithelial tumors
4. malignant epithelial tumors
252. Malignant epithelial tumors include ... 1,2,5

1. squamous cell carcinoma
2. adenocarcinoma
3. osteosarcoma
4. melanoma
5. mucous cancer
253. The characteristic features of cancer (carcinoma) ... 1,3,5

1. has epithelial origin
2. has a mesenchymal origin
3. the first lymphogenic metastases
4. first hematogenous metastases
254. "Cancer in place" (carcinoma in situ) is ... 1

1. non-invasive cancer
2. invasive cancer without metastasis
3. invasive cancer with metastasis to the lymph nodes
4. invasive cancer with hematogenous metastases
255. Primary squamous cell carcinoma can be localized in ... 1,2,3,5
1. the cervix
2. lower lip
3. the esophagus
4. liver
5. easy
256. The characteristic features of squamous cell carcinoma ... 1,2

1. invasive (infiltrating) growth
2. pronounced cellular irregularities
3. not able to metastasize
4. there are always "cancer pearls"
5. found only on the skin
257. "Cancer pearls" are characteristic of ... 4

1. adenocarcinoma
2. melanoma
3. osteosarcoma
5. perekhodnocletocny cancer
258. Adenocarcinoma primary can be localized in ... 1,2,3,5

1. the stomach
2. easy
3. the colon
4. the myocardium
5. endometrium
259. The characteristic features of adenocarcinoma ... 1,2,3,4

1. develops from the glandular epithelium
2. invasive growth
3. apparent tissue irregularities
4. pronounced cellular irregularities
5. expansive growth
260. To the forms of undifferentiated cancer are ... 2,3,4

1. adenocarcinoma
2. mucous cancer
3. fibrous cancer (skirr)
4. medullary carcinoma
5. perekhodnocletocny cancer
261. The characteristic features of fibrous cancer (of skirra) ... 2,4,5
1. the predominance of stroma over parenchyma
2. the predominance of stroma over parenchyma
3. often exophytic growth
4. the growth of endophytic often
5. distinct tissue and cell irregularities
262. The first cancer metastases are localized in ... 4

1. light
2. bones
3. the brain
4. regional lymph nodes
5. liver
263. The histogenesis of undifferentiated tumors helps to establish ... 4

1. electron microscopy
2. morphometry
3. Cytology
4. immunohistochemical study
5. biochemical research
264. The method of morphological diagnosis, which is based on the detection of specific antigens using labeled antibodies is ... 4
1. electron microscopy
2. histochemistry
3. morphometry
4. immunohistochemistry
265. To neuroectodermal tumors are ... 1,2

1. astrocytoma
2. glioblastoma
3. meningioma
4. melanoma
5. adenocarcinoma
266. Mature (benign) brain tumors are ... 1,4

1. astrocytoma
2. glioblastoma
3. neurinoma
4. ependymoma
5. medulloblastoma
267. Features of CNS tumors ... 2,4,5

1. occur exclusively in children
2. usually metastasize within the Central nervous system via the cerebrospinal
3. always have Mature (differentiated) structure
4. the brain is affected more often than the spinal cord
5. always occur in clinically malignant
268. Typical signs of astrocytoma ... 2,5
1. a pronounced polymorphism of cells and nuclei
2. clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue
3. mottled appearance on the cut
4. metastasize within the CNS
5. is of neuroectodermal origin
269. The characteristic features of glioblastoma ... 1,2,5

3. always associated with meninges
4. not metastasized
5. is of glial origin
270. The characteristic features of meningiomas ... 2,4,5

1. localized in the white matter of the brain
2. always has a connection with the brain lining
4. not metastasized
5. expansive growth
271. The characteristics of the neuroma (schwannoma) ... 1,4

1. growing from the sheaths of the nerves
2. grows directly from the nerve fibres
3. invasive growth
272. The varieties of nevi are ... 1,2,4

1. border
2. intradermal
3. simple
4. complex
5. composite
273. Melanoma primary may be localized in ... 1,2,3

1. the skin
2. eyeball
3. adrenal gland
4. the thyroid gland
5. the pituitary gland
274. Typical signs of melanoma ... 2,3,5

1. expansive growth
2. invasive (infiltrating) growth
3. may occur as a result of malignant transformation of nevus
4. may occur as a result of the malignancy of papillomas
5. pronounced cellular polymorphism
275. Microscopic characteristics of the melanoma ... 1,3

1. built of ugly atypical cells
2. has a distinct capsule
3. often there are deposits of melanin pigment
4. tumor cells forming glands of various sizes and shapes
5. often found "cancer pearls"
276. Anemia may manifest itself in the blood ... 1,2,3,4

1. the decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin
2. a decrease in the number of red blood cells
3. increase the color of the indicator
4. the decrease in color of the indicator
5. the appearance of blast cells
277. Etiological factors of anemia can be ... 1,3,4

1. blood loss
2. erythropoietic hyperfunction of the bone marrow
3. erythropoietic hypofunction of the bone marrow
4. increased roversrawsome (hemolysis)
278. For iron-deficiency anemia is characteristic of red blood cells ... 2,3
1. hyperchromia
2. hypochromia
3. mikrocytos
4. the macrocytosis
279. For B12 deficiency (pernicious) anemia characterized by the development ... 1,2,3
1. atrophic gastritis
2. goncharovskoe case
3. funicular myelosis
4. pulmonary fibrosis
5. hydronephrosis
280. A common manifestation of chronic anemia can be ... 1,2,3,4

1. hyperplasia of the bone marrow
2. reticulocytosis in the peripheral blood
3. pathological inclusions in erythrocytes
4. dystrophic changes of internal organs
5. the appearance of blast cells in the peripheral blood
281. Hereditary causes of hemolytic anemia can be ... 1,2,4
1. membranacei
2. fermentopathy
3. blastopore
4. hemoglobinopathies
282. To hereditary hemolytic anemia are ... 2,3

1. multiple myeloma
2. thalassemia
3. sickle cell anemia
283. Common symptoms of hemolytic anemia are complemented ... 1,3

1. jaundice
2. granulomatosis
3. hemosiderosis
4. hypermelanosis
5. hemimelaena
284. Tumor disease of hematopoietic tissue are ... 1,2

1. leukemia
2. lymphoma
3. aplastic syndromes
4. hemangioma
5. leukemoid reaction
285. Leukemia is characterized by ... 2,3

1. the primary lesion uncustomizable fabric
2. primary lesion bone marrow
3. primary systemic lesions
4. the primary focal nature of the lesion
286. For lymphomas is characterized by ... 1,4

1. the primary lesion uncustomizable fabric
2. primary lesion bone marrow
3. primary systemic lesions
4. the primary focal nature of the lesion
287. Leukemia according to the degree of maturity of the leukemic cells are divided into ... 1,2
1. sharp
2. chronic
3. subacute
4. monoklonovy
5. polikanova
288. Common manifestations of acute leukemia are ... 1,2,3

1. blastosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow
2. aplastic anemia
3. leukopenia
4. thrombocytosis
5. reticulocytosis
289. Immunomorphological variants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are ... 4,5

1. poorly differentiated
2. total lymphocytic
3. common myeloid
4. T - lymphoblastic
5. In - lymphoblastic
290. Cytogenetic variants of acute nelimfoblastnyh leukemia are ... 1,3,5

1. megacaryoblastic
2. plazmoblastny
3. erythroblastic
4. lymphoblastic
5. myeloid
291. Signs of undifferentiated leukemia are ... 2,3,4,5

1. leukemic infiltrates are composed of cells myelocytes
2. cells in the bone marrow punctates are not amenable to morphological identification
3. necrotizing gingivitis and tonsillitis
5. sepsis
292. In acute myeloid leukemia in the blood grow ... 3

1. myeloma cells
2. myelocytes
3. myeloblast
4. the plazmoblastov
5. erythroblasts
293. Causes of death of patients with acute leukemia can be ... 1,2,4
1. blast crisis
2. infectious necrotic complications
3. thromboembolic syndrome
4. hemorrhagic syndrome
5. intestinal obstruction
294. The main manifestations of chronic leukemias are ... 1,3,4,5
1. leukemic infiltration of the bone marrow
2. infarcts of the brain
3. leukemic infiltrates in the kidney
4. splenomegaly
5. hepatomegaly
295. The presence of tumor cells Philadelphia chromosome is characteristic of leukemia ... 1
1. chronic militarnego
2. chronic lymphocytic
3. acute lymphoblastic
4. acute nelimfoblastnyh
296. To militarnym chronic leukemia is ... 2

1. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
2. chronic granulocytic leukemia
3. multiple myeloma
297. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is accompanied by ... 1,2,3,4

1. secondary immunodeficiency
3. the crowding out of normal hematopoietic elements
4. primary bone marrow failure
5. the primary lymph nodes
298. The liver in chronic myeloid leukemia ... 4,5

1. the cut has knots regenerates
2. has a mottled appearance on the cut
3. has a wrinkled capsule
4. grey-yellow
5. dramatically increased
299. For chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the remission period is characterized by ... 1,3,4,5
1. infiltration in the internal organs of lymphocytes
2. Joigny bone marrow
3. swollen lymph nodes
4. the increase in the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood
5. enlargement of the spleen, liver
300. To chronic lymphocytic leukemia are ... 1,3

1. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
2. chronic myelogenous leukemia
3. multiple myeloma
301. Complications of leukemia include ... 1,2,3,4

1. sepsis
2. pneumonia
3. necrotic angina
4. bleeding in the brain
5. glomerulonephritis
302. Applies to lymphomas ... 1,2

2. mycosis fungoides
3. myeloblastic leukemia
4. multiple myeloma
303. Clinical-morphological forms of Hodgkin's disease are ... 2,3,4,5

1. nodular hyperplasia
2. lymphoid predominance
3. lymphoid depletion
4. mixed-cell variant
5. nodular sclerosis
304. If Hodgkin's disease in lymph nodes cells appear ... 1,3

1. Reed-Berezovsky-Sternberg
2. Gumprecht
3. Hodgkin's
4. Pirogov-Langhans
305. When Hodgkin's disease occurs ... 2,3,4

1. proliferation of neoplastic T-lymphocytes
2. erasing the structure of the lymph node
3. proliferation of neoplastic b-lymphocytes
4. proliferation of lymphocytes and connective tissue
5. the increase in the number of lymphoid follicles
306. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include ... 1,2,3,4

1. hypertension
2. diabetes
3. Smoking
4. the increase in the content of cholesterol in the blood
5. the increase in the content of HDL in the blood
307. Atherosclerosis mainly affects ... 1,3

1. artery of elastic type
2. the arteries of muscular type
3. artery muscle-elastic type
4. arterioles
5. venules
308. The most pronounced changes in atherosclerosis of the aorta is noted in it ... 3
1. arc
2. the ascending part of the
3. abdomen
4. the thoracic
309. To macroscopic stages of atherosclerosis are ... 1,2,3

1. fatty spots and stripes
2. fibrous plaques
3. the complicated defeats (ulceration, thrombosis, hemorrhage)
4. masorti
5. preclinical changes
310. To microscopic stages of atherosclerosis are ... 2,4,5

1. hyalinosis
2. lipoids
3. the lipomatosis
4. liposcelis
5. atheromatosis
311. Stages of atherosclerosis involving narrowing of the lumen of the artery ... 3,4,5
1. galipedia
2. lipoids
3. liposcelis
4. atheromatosis
5. calcification
312. To the clinical-morphological forms of atherosclerosis are ... 1,2,3,5

1. atherosclerosis of the aorta
2. atherosclerosis of renal arteries
3. atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries
4. atherosclerosis of the hepatic artery
5. atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
313. Hypertension blood pressure ... 3

1. 120/80 mm Hg.St. and more
314. Types of hypertension, depending on the nature of the flow are ... 3,4
1. brain
2. heart
3. benign
4. malignant
315. Clinical-morphological forms of hypertensive disease are ... 2,3,4

1. mesenteric
2. renal
3. brain
4. heart
5. liver
316. On hypertrophy of the heart adult say when its mass exceeds ... 3
1. 100 g
2. 200 g
3. 350 g
4. 600 g
5. 750 g
317. About hypertrophy of the left ventricle of an adult say, when the thickness of its wall exceeds ... 1
1. 1.2 cm
2. 0.3 cm
3. 0.5 cm
4. 2.0 cm
5. 1.8 cm
318. The increase in weight of the heart in hypertension due to ... 2,3
1. the increase in the number of muscle fibers
2. increase in the size of each muscle fiber
3. increase in intermuscular tissue
4. obesity myocardial
319. The main changes in hypertensive disease occur in ... 3

1. the aorta
2. a large major arteries
3. arterioles
4. venules
5. large veins
320. In the walls of arterioles in hypertensive disease occurs ... 1,2,3

1. hyalinosis
3. fibrinoid necrosis
4. amyloidosis
321. In hypertensive kidney develops ... 1

1. primary shrinkage
2. secondary shrinkage
3. hydronephrosis
4. amyloidosis
5. necrotic nephrosis
322. Forms of acute ischemic heart disease are ... 3,5

1. cardio
4. obesity myocardial
5. sudden coronary death
323. The immediate cause of myocardial infarction ... 1,2,3,4

1. thrombosis of the coronary arteries
2. thromboembolism of coronary arteries
3. prolonged spasm of the coronary arteries
4. functional overstrain of the myocardium
5. excessive development of collaterals
324. Grossly in the myocardium is usually formed ... 3

1. white infarction
2. red infarction
3. white infarction with hemorrhagic halo
4. gangrene
5. the sequester
325. Microscopic signs of myocardial infarction are ... 1,5

1. plasmahouse
2. fatty degeneration
3. mucoid swelling
4. vacuolization of the cytoplasm
5. karyopyknosis, karyorhexis
326. Morphological signs of necrosis appear in the myocardium after acute ... from the start of ischemia 4
1. 1 hour
2. 6 hours
3. 12 hours
4. 18 hours
5. 48 hours
327. Complications of myocardial infarction are ... 1,2,4

1. rhythm disorders
2. the broken heart
5. hydronephrosis
328. Re-called myocardial infarction, which is formed after the previous ... 3
1. after 7 days and more
2. after 14 days and more
3. 28 days later and more
4. after 6 months or more
5. after 1 year and more
329. To chronic forms of coronary heart disease are ... 2,3

2. small focal cardiosclerosis
3. large-focal cardiosclerosis
4. cardiac hypertrophy
5. heart disease
330. To cerebrovascular disease are ... 1,2,5

1. cerebral infarction
2. intracerebral hemorrhage
3. hydrocephalus
4. encephalomyelitis
5. subarachnoid hemorrhage
331. The reason for the development of cerebral infarction might be stenosing atherosclerosis of the arteries ... 1,2,4
1. vnutrineironalnah
2. vertebrates
3. external carotid
4. internal carotid
332. Complications of cerebral infarction are ... 1,2,4

1. hypostatic pneumonia
2. swelling of the brain
3. pulmonary embolism
4. dislocation of brain structures
333. Possible causes of death of patients with cerebral infarction can be ... 1,4
2. breakthrough blood into the ventricles of the brain
3. purulent meningoencephalitis
334. Possible outcome of major cerebral infarction can be ... 1

1. cyst
2. scarring
3. complete resorption
4. calcification
335. Complications hematoma of the brain can be ... 1,2,3

3. edema and dislocation of brain
4. hemorrhagic shock
5. DIC
336. In the group of rheumatic diseases ... 2,4,5

1. atherosclerosis
2. systemic lupus erythematosus
3. disease Budd-Chiari (thrombosis of hepatic veins)
4. a disease Sokolsky-Buyo (rheumatism)
5. periarteritis nodosa
337. Common symptoms for all arthritis ... 1,2,3

1. systemic progressive disorganization of connective tissue
2. immunopathological processes
3. chronic fluctuating course
4. mandatory lose heart
5. mandatory joint damage
338. The stages of disorganization of connective tissue in rheumatoid arthritis ... 2,3,5
1. amyloidosis
2. hyalinosis
3. mucoid swelling
4. purulent infiltration
339. The reversible phase of disorganization of connective tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is ... 1
1. mucoid swelling
4. hyalinosis
340. Mucoid swelling is characterized by ... 3,4,5

1. swelling of the connective tissue cells
2. impregnation of connective tissue, fibrin
3. accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the main substance of connective tissue
4. the increased vascular permeability
5. swelling of connective tissue fibers
341. For fibrinoidnogo swelling is characterized by ... 2,3,5

1. surface, a reversible phase of disorganization of connective tissue
2. destruction of the collagen fibers and proteoglycans ground substance
3. a significant increase in vascular permeability
4. is necessarily accompanied by necrosis
5. the outcome of hyalinosis is
342. For hyalinosis is characterized by ... 3,4

1. surface, a reversible phase of disorganization of connective tissue
2. extensive necrosis of connective tissue
3. accumulation in fabrics translucent dense masses, resembling hyaline cartilage
4. may occur in the walls of blood vessels
5. the outcome is amyloidosis
343. To the clinical-morphological forms of rheumatism are ... 1,2,3,5

1. cerebral
2. polyarthritises
3. nodosa
4. renal
5. cardiovascular
344. The endocarditis of rheumatism can occur in the form of ... 2,5
1. polypose-ulcerative
2. diffuse valvulitis
3. acute ulcer
4. calcifying
5. relapsing-warty
345. At the first attack of rheumatism endocarditis may be in the nature ... 1,2
1. acute diffuse
2. acute warty
3. fibroplastic
4. relapsing-warty
346. When remission rheumatism endocarditis may be in the nature ... 3

1. acute diffuse
2. acute warty
3. fibroplastic
4. relapsing-warty
347. In case of repeated attacks of rheumatism endocarditis may be in the nature ... 4
1. acute diffuse
2. acute warty
3. fibroplastic
4. relapsing-warty
348. Thromboembolic syndrome may complicate the course of ... in rheumatoid arthritis 2,4
1. acute diffuse endocarditis
2. acute warty endocarditis
3. fibroplastic endocarditis
4. relapsing-warty endocarditis
349. Outcome of rheumatic endocarditis can be ... 1,5

1. the failure of the valve
3. mucoid swelling
4. cardio
5. stenosis of the valve hole
350. Myocarditis of rheumatism can occur in the form of ... 1,2,3

1. nodular productive (granulomatous)
2. diffuse interstitial exudative
3. focal interstitial exudative
4. relapsing-warty
5. fibroplastic
351. Part of rheumatic granulomas composed of ... 2,4,5

1. neutrophils
2. cells Anichkov
3. cells Pirogov-Langhans
4. fibroblasts
5. lymphocytes
352. Outcome of rheumatic myocarditis is... 2

1. heart disease
3. brown atrophy of the heart
4. obesity heart
353. Pericarditis in rheumatism may meet in the form of ... 1,2,3

1. serous
2. seroplastic
3. fibrinous
4. fibrinous-purulent
5. hemorrhagic
354. "Hairy heart" is formed when ... 3

2. granulomatous myocarditis
3. fibrinous pericarditis
4. diffuse valvulae
355. Outcome of rheumatic pericarditis may be ... 3,4

1. mitral valve insufficiency
2. diffuse cardiosclerosis
3. obliteration of the pericardial cavity
4. "stone heart"
5. obesity heart
356. Concomitant rheumatic lesions of the endocardium and myocardium is called ... 2
1. pericarditis
2. rheumatic heart disease
3. myocarditis
4. pancardi
5. endocarditis
357. Concomitant rheumatic all shells of the heart is called ... 4

1. pericarditis
2. rheumatic heart disease
3. myocarditis
4. pancardi
5. endocarditis
358. Acquired heart defects are ... 1,2,3

1. mitral stenosis
2. aortic insufficiency
3. stenosis of the tricuspid valve
4. tetralogy of Fallot
5. ventricular septal defect
359. In conjunction with the development of stenosis and insufficiency of the valve defect is called ... 2
1. combined
2. combined
3. complex
4. integrated
5. isolated
360. With the simultaneous defeat of the two or more valve defect called ... 1
1. combined
2. combined
3. complex
4. integrated
5. isolated
361. In compensated heart disease observed ... 1

1. concentric hypertrophy of the myocardium
2. obesity heart
5. dilatation of heart cavities
362. In decompensated heart disease observed ... 3,4,5

1. concentric hypertrophy of the myocardium
2. obesity heart
5. dilatation of heart cavities
363. The most pronounced changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arise in ... 2,4,5
1. liver
2. the kidneys
3. the brain
4. heart
5. the skin
364. Characteristic skin changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ... 1,2,3
1. atrophy of hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands
2. the phenomenon of microvascular
3. the "figure of butterfly" on my face
4. multiple pustular rash
5. the formation of a coarse linear scarring
365. Characteristic changes of the kidneys in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ... 3,4
1. exudative nephritis interstitial
4. the phenomenon of "wire loops" in the capillaries of the glomerulus
5. hydronephrosis
366. Important features of lobar pneumonia ... 1,3,4

1. equity the nature of the lesion
2. the focal nature of the lesion
3. the exudate is fibrinous in character
4. necessarily accompanied by pleurisy
5. necessarily accompanied by bronchitis (bronchiolitis)
367. Features of lobar pneumonia are ... 1,4

1. stages of the flow
2. the primary lesion of the bronchi
3. a wide range of pathogens
368. Stages of lobar pneumonia are ... 1,2,3

1. stage of the tide
2. stage red obucheniya
3. the stage of approval
4. stage abecedarian
5. the stage of carnification
369. The primary causative agent of lobar pneumonia are ... 2

1. Proteas
2. pneumococci
3. adenoviruses
4. Mycobacterium
5. staphylococci
370. Sharp hyperemia and "microbial swelling" of the affected lobe of the lung in croupous pneumonia is typical for stage ... 1
1. tide
2. red obucheniya
3. gray obucheniya
4. resolution
371. Filling of alveoli fibrinous exudate and a large number of red blood cells in croupous pneumonia is typical for stage ... 2
1. tide
2. red obucheniya
3. gray obucheniya
4. resolution
372. Accumulation in the alveoli of the fibrin and leucocytes in croupous pneumonia is typical for stage ... 3
1. tide
2. red obucheniya
3. gray obucheniya
4. resolution
373. Resorption of exudate in the lumen of the alveoli under croupous pneumonia is typical for stage ... 4
1. tide
2. red obucheniya
3. gray obucheniya
4. resolution
374. Fibrinous exudate in the alveoli in lobar pneumonia may be ... 1,2,3
1. resorption
2. organization
3. the abscess
4. sequestration
375. To pulmonary complications of lobar pneumonia include ... 1,2,5

1. lung abscess
2. empyema
3. lung cancer
4. bronchitis
5. carnification
376. Carnification light ... 1

1. organization of exudate in the lumen of the alveoli
2. suppuration of the exudate in the lumen of the alveoli
3. the spread of the inflammation to the bronchi
4. necrosis of lung tissue
377. Extrapulmonary complications of lobar pneumonia include ... 1,4

1. purulent mediastinitis
2. purulent bronchitis
3. empyema
4. purulent meningitis
378. Polietiologic inflammation of the lung focal in nature, developing in connection with bronchitis (bronchiolitis) is called ... 3
1. chronic bronchitis
2. bronchiectasis
3. bronchopneumonia
4. emphysema
379. Important features of bronchopneumonia ... 2,3,5

2. the focal nature of the lesion
3. a wide range of pathogens
4. necessarily accompanied by pleurisy
5. necessarily accompanied by bronchitis (bronchiolitis)
380. For staphylococcal pneumonia is characterized by ... 1,2

1. severe
2. accompanied by necrosis and suppuration
3. the exudate is hemorrhagic in nature
4. the formation of bronchiectasis
5. abundant desquamation of the affected epithelium
381. For viral pneumonia is characterized by ... 1,3,5

1. the formation of giant multinucleated cells
2. accompanied by necrosis and suppuration
3. the exudate is hemorrhagic in nature
5. abundant desquamation of the affected epithelium
382. For interstitial (intermediate) pneumonia is characterized by ... 2,3,4

1. the process develops in the bronchi and spread to the adjacent alveoli
2. the process develops in the interstitial tissue of the lungs
3. often has a viral etiology
4. in the outcome often develop pulmonary fibrosis
5. often accompanied by suppuration
383. In the group of chronic obstructive lung diseases are included ... 1,3,4
2. chronic pneumonia
3. bronchial asthma
4. emphysema
5. fibrosing alveolitis
384. In a group of chronic restrictive lung diseases include ... 2,5

2. chronic pneumonia
3. bronchial asthma
4. emphysema
5. fibrosing alveolitis
385. The main morphological features of chronic bronchitis are ... 1,2,4
1. hyperplasia of mucous glands
2. a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the bronchial walls
3. the accumulation of exudate in the lumen of the alveoli
4. sclerosis of the bronchial walls
386. Bronhoektaza is ... 2
1. focal narrowing of the lumen of the bronchus
2. focal extension of the lumen of the bronchus
3. blockage of the lumen of the bronchus
4. sclerosis of the bronchial wall
387. Depending on the shape distinguish bronchiectasis ... 2,3

1. destructive
2. saccular
3. cylindrical
4. fusiform
388. The main varieties of bronchial asthma are ... 1,3

1. exogenous
2. heterogeneous
3. endogenous
4. Branchiopoda
389. For the acute period of bronchial asthma is characterized by ... 3,4
1. filling of alveoli fibrinous exudates
2. focal necrosis of the lung tissue
3. diffuse spasm of the bronchial tubes
4. acute obstructive emphysema
390. When repeated bouts of bronchial asthma in lungs are formed ... 1,2,3
1. sclerosis and hyalinosis of the walls of the bronchial tubes
2. chronic obstructive emphysema
4. abscesses
5. lobar pneumonia
391. Persistent expansion of pneumatic spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles that ... 2
1. bronhoektaza
2. emphysema
3. pneumothorax
4. atelectasis
5. pneumothorax
392. The main causes of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are ... 1,3,5
1. pulmonary heart disease
2. anemia
3. renal insufficiency (amyloidosis)
4. lobar pneumonia
5. respiratory failure
393. In the development of pulmonary heart hypertrophy observed ... 2

1. the left ventricle
2. the right ventricle
3. the left atrium
4. the right atrium
394. Depending on localization distinguish lung cancer ... 1,3,4

1. Central
2. exophytic
3. peripheral
4. massive
5. endophytic
395. Histological variants of lung cancer ... 1,2,3

2. glandular cancer (adenocarcinoma)
3. small cell lung cancer
4. papillary cancer
5. clear cell cancer
396. For Central lung cancer is characterized by ... 1,3

1. develops from the large bronchi
2. develops small bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3. most squamous histogenesis
4. often has glandular histogenesis
397. For peripheral lung cancer is characterized by ... 2,4

1. develops from the large bronchi
2. develops small bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3. most squamous histogenesis
4. often has glandular histogenesis
398. Small cell lung cancer ... 1,2,4

1. histologically, undifferentiated
2. has a neuroendocrine origin
3. arises from squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium
4. often has mixed (massive) growth pattern
5. built from the glands of various sizes and shapes
399. The first metastasis in lung cancer found in ... 2

1. liver
2. regional lymph nodes
3. contralateral lung
4. the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
400. Complications of lung cancer ... 1,3,5
1. pulmonary hemorrhage
2. lobar pneumonia
3. destructive suppurative processes in the lung
4. bronchial asthma
5. atelectasis
401. The group of kidney disease with the primary and predominant glomerular involvement is ... 1
1. glomerulopathy
2. tubulopatii
3. interstitial kidney disease
4. nephrosclerosis
5. renal amyloidosis
402. The group of kidney disease with the primary and predominant lesion of the tubules is ... 2
1. glomerulopathy
2. tubulopatii
3. interstitial kidney disease
4. nephrosclerosis
403. To glomerulopathy are ... 1,4

2. chronic pyelonephritis
4. minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)
5. hydronephrosis
404. Depending on the topography of the process of glomerulonephritis are ... 3,4
1. exudative
2. proliferative
3. glomerular intracapillary
4. extracapillary
5. mixed
405. Depending on the nature of the inflammation glomerulonephritis are ... 1,2,5
1. exudative
2. proliferative
4. extracapillary
5. mixed
406. As antigens in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis are ... 2,4

1. the basal membrane of the tubules
2. glomerular basement membrane
3. damaged cells remotely
4. damaged streptococcal enzyme antibodies
407. Characteristic morphological features of acute glomerulonephritis ... 1,2

1. cell proliferation of the glomerulus
2. fibrinoid necrosis of glomerular capillaries
3. focal sclerosis of the glomerulus
4. marked thickening of the basal membranes of the capillaries
5. ablation of the capsules of the glomeruli with the formation of "polloni"
408. Subacute glomerulonephritis is ... 2,4

2. extracapillary
3. exudative
4. proliferative
5. mesangial
409. Figuratively the name of the kidneys at subacute glomerulonephritis ... 1,3
1. large red buds
2. large grey buds
3. large speckled kidney
4. large sebaceous kidney
5. amyloid-wrinkled kidneys
410. Characteristic morphological signs of subacute glomerulonephritis ... 3,5

1. cell proliferation of the glomerulus
2. fibrinoid necrosis of glomerular capillaries
3. proliferation of podocytes and remotely external leaf capsule glomerular
4. marked thickening of the basal membranes of the capillaries
5. ablation of the capsules of the glomeruli with the formation of "polloni"
411. Morphological types of chronic glomerulonephritis ... 1,2,5

1. mesangiocapillary
2. mesangiocapillary
3. immunocomplex
4. extracapillary
5. fibroelastosis
412. For mezangioproliferativnom chronic glomerulonephritis characterized ... 1,4

1. the proliferation of mesangial
3. the interposition of mezangiya
4. clinically it occurs more benign
5. clinically occurs more malignant
413. For mesangiocapillary chronic glomerulonephritis characterized ... 1,3,5
1. the proliferation of mesangial
3. the interposition of mezangiya
4. clinically it occurs more benign
5. clinically occurs more malignant
414. For fibroplasias chronic glomerulonephritis characterized ... 2,4

1. swelling and necrosis of the glomeruli
2. sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli
3. hydronephrosis
4. adhesions in the cavity of the capsules
5. necrosis of the tubular epithelium
415. Pyelonephritis refers to a group of ... 4

1. inflammatory glomerulopathy
2. non-inflammatory glomerulopathy
3. of tubulopathy
4. interstitial diseases of the kidney
416. The factors contributing to the development of pyelonephritis ... 1,2,3,4

1. stones in the urinary tract
2. prostatic hyperplasia
3. pregnancy
4. diabetes
417. Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by 3,5

1. atrophy of renal parenchyma
2. sclerosis of the stroma
3. diffuse leukocytic infiltration
4. diffuse infiltration lymphomacrophagal
5. sharp hyperemia and edema of stroma
418. For chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by 1,2,4

1. atrophy of renal parenchyma
2. sclerosis of the stroma
3. diffuse leukocytic infiltration
4. diffuse infiltration lymphomacrophagal
5. sharp hyperemia and edema of stroma
419. A complication of pyelonephritis can be ... 2,3,5

2. Pioneros
3. the paranephritis
5. hypertension
420. To the development of renal amyloidosis can cause ... 1,2,3

1. tuberculosis
2. chronic osteomyelitis
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. lobar pneumonia
5. cirrhosis of the liver
421. Stages of amyloidosis of kidneys are ... 1,2,3,4

1. latent
2. proteinuric
3. nephrotic
4. uremic
5. necrotic
422. Figuratively the name of the kidney in proteinuric stage of amyloidosis ... 4
1. large red buds
2. large grey buds
423. Figuratively the name of the kidneys in uremic stage of amyloidosis ... 5
1. large red buds
2. large grey buds
424. For the detection of amyloid in histological sections used ... 3

1. Sudan
2. the fuchsin
3. Congo red
4. hematoxylin
5. silver nitrate
425. Amyloid in the kidney is delayed ... 1,2,3

1. in the capillary loops of the glomeruli
2. in misangyi
3. in the vessel walls of the stroma
4. in the epithelium of straight tubules
5. in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules
426. Stages of acute renal failure are: 1,2,3
1. shock
2. oligoanalgesia
3. recovery diuresis
4. uremic
5. latent
427. A pathological process characterized by proliferation of connective tissue with deformation and reduction in size of the kidney is called: 3
1. hypoplasia
2. hypertrophy
3. nephrosclerosis
4. aplasia
5. hydronephrosis
428. Nephrosclerosis may develop in the outcome ... 1,2,3,4

1. chronic glomerulonephritis
2. hypertension
3. pyelonephritis
4. diabetes
429. The characteristic morphological signs of uremia are ... 3,5

1. steatosis
2. purulent pleurisy
4. lobar pneumonia
5. catarrhal gastritis
430. Primary-wrinkled kidney is formed when ... 4,5

4. hypertension
431. Secondary-wrinkled kidney is formed when ... 1,2,3

4. hypertension
432. For diabetes mellitus I the type is characterized by ... 1,3,5

1. is associated with absolute deficiency of insulin
2. is associated with relative deficiency of insulin
3. observed autoimmune damage to islet apparatus
4. there has been a violation of the assimilation of insulin by cells
5. usually occurs in childhood and young age
433. For diabetes mellitus II the type is characterized by ... 2,4

1. is associated with absolute deficiency of insulin
2. is associated with relative deficiency of insulin
3. observed autoimmune damage to islet apparatus
4. there has been a violation of the assimilation of insulin by cells
5. usually occurs in childhood and young age
434. In diabetes the pancreas is most often defined ... 1,4,5

1. atrophy of the islet apparatus
2. necrosis
3. purulent inflammation
4. autoimmune insult
5. sclerosis
435. Diabetic microangiopathy is characterized ... 1,3,4

2. atherosclerosis
3. changes in arterioles and capillaries
4. hyalinosis
5. changes in large arteries
436. In diabetic microangiopathy most often suffer ... 1,3

1. kidney
2. liver
3. the retina
4. the brain
5. joints
437. Diabetic macroangiopathy characterize ... 2,5

2. atherosclerosis
3. changes in arterioles and capillaries
4. hyalinosis
5. changes in large arteries
438. Complications of diabetes ... 1,2,3,4

1. chronic renal failure
2. gangrene of the foot
3. ketoacidosis
5. amyloidosis
439. Macroscopically distinguish a goiter ... 1,2,3

1. knotty
2. diffuse
3. mixed
4. parenchymal
5. colloidal
440. Microscopically, there are craw ... 4,5

1. knotty
2. diffuse
3. mixed
4. parenchymal
5. colloidal
441. For diffuse toxic goitre and characteristic ... 1,3

1. the increase in size of the thyroid gland
2. reducing the size of the thyroid gland
3. reducing the amount of colloid in the follicles
4. increasing the amount of colloid in the follicles
442. Characteristic manifestations of hyperthyroidism ... 1,3,5

1. exophthalmos
2. generalized edema
3. hypertension
4. hypotension
5. tremor
443. For "thyrotoxic heart" characteristic ... 2,3,5

3. edema and lymphoid infiltration of the stroma of the myocardium
4. neutrophilic infiltration of the stroma of the myocardium
5. hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes
444. When thyrotoxic goiter ... 2,3

1. concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine reduced
2. concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine increased
3. the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) reduced
4. the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increased
445. Endemic goitre ... 1,4

1. concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine reduced
2. concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine increased
3. the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) reduced
4. the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increased
446. The cause of endemic goiter is ... 1

1. iodine deficiency
2. excess iodine
3. the excess of potassium
4. deficiency of fluorine
5. an excess of fluorine
447. The follicles of the thyroid gland in macro-macrofollicular (colloid) goiter ... 1,4
1. have different size and shape
2. destroyed and sklerozirovanie
3. devastated
4. filled with colloid
448. Typical symptoms of hypothyroidism ... 2,4

1. exophthalmos
2. generalized edema
3. hypertension
4. hypotension
5. tremor
449. When hypothyroidism develops ... 1,4

1. myxedema
2. gigantism
3. acromegaly
4. cretinism
5. thyrotoxicosis
450. Specific morphological features of autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto goiter) are ... 1,4,5
1. lymphoid follicles within thyroid tissue
2. heart attacks thyroid
3. abscesses of the thyroid gland
4. atrophy of the parenchyma of the thyroid gland
5. diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland
451. Morphological forms of acute gastritis are ... 1,2,3

1. catarrhal
2. fibrinous
3. purulent
4. surface
5. atrophic
452. Morphological forms of chronic gastritis are ... 4,5
1. catarrhal
2. fibrinous
3. purulent
4. surface
5. atrophic
453. Depending on the types of pathogenesis of chronic gastritis ... 1,3,4

1. autoimmune
2. vascular
3. nekony (infectious)
4. reflux-gastritis
454. For autoimmune gastritis are characteristic ... 1,3

1. affects mainly fundic section of the stomach
2. affects mainly the antral Department of a stomach
3. identifies antibodies to parietal cells of gastric glands
4. not detected antibodies to parietal cells of gastric glands
5. associated with H. pylori infection
455. For non-immune (infection) gastritis are characteristic ... 2,4,5

1. affects mainly fundic section of the stomach
2. affects mainly the antral Department of a stomach
3. identifies antibodies to parietal cells of gastric glands
4. not detected antibodies to parietal cells of gastric glands
5. associated with H. pylori infection
456. Morphological signs of chronic superficial gastritis ... 1,3

1. degenerative changes in pit epithelium
2. necrosis of the mucous membrane
3. lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the mucosa
4. enterolitica mucosa (intestinal metaplasia)
5. the decrease in the number of glands of the mucous membrane
457. Morphological signs of chronic atrophic gastritis ... 3,4,5

1. erosion and ulceration of the mucous membrane
2. necrosis of the mucous membrane
3. lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the mucosa
5. the decrease in the number of glands of the mucous membrane
458. In chronic gastritis precancerous significance ... 1,3

2. sclerosis of the mucous membrane
3. dysplasia of the epithelium of the glands of the mucous membrane
4. petechial hemorrhages in the submucosa
5. degeneration of the epithelium of the glands of the mucous membrane
459. In the etiology of peptic ulcer disease may play a role ... 1,2,3,4,5
1. hereditary factors
2. nutritional factors
3. neurogenic factors
4. hormonal factors
5. infectious factors
460. Local factors in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer includes a breach ... 1,4
1. acid-peptic equilibrium
2. endocrine regulation
3. nervous regulation
4. mucus barrier
5. immune responses
461. Common factors in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer includes a breach ... 2,3
1. acid-peptic equilibrium
2. endocrine regulation
3. nervous regulation
4. mucus barrier
5. immune responses
462. To the stages of morphogenesis of peptic ulcer disease include ... 2,3,4
1. the stage of necrosis
2. the stage of erosion
3. stage of acute ulcers
4. the stage of chronic ulcers
5. the stage of atrophy
463. Erosion of the stomach is ... 1

1. the defect of the wall, not penetrating beyond the mucosa
2. the wall defect, penetrating beyond the mucosa, without signs of sclerosis
3. the wall defect, penetrating beyond the mucosa, with symptoms of multiple sclerosis
4. through the defect of the stomach wall
464. Acute gastric ulcer is ... 2

465. Chronic ulcer of the stomach is ... 3
466. Most often, chronic gastric ulcers are being formed. 1,3
1. along the lesser curvature
2. along the greater curvature
3. in the antrum
4. in the fundal
5. in cardiac Department
467. Microscopically in the bottom of a chronic ulcer in the acute stage are determined ... 1,3,4,5
1. fibrinous-purulent exudate
2. hyperplastic changes of the epithelium
4. granulation tissue
5. fibrous tissue
468. Microscopically in the bottom of a chronic ulcer in remission are defined ... 4,5
1. fibrinous-purulent exudate
2. hyperplastic changes of the epithelium
4. granulation tissue
5. fibrous tissue
469. Among the complications of ulcerous disease of stomach and duodenum secrete ... 2,3,4,5
1. infectious
2. malignancy
3. inflammatory
4. ulcer-scar
5. ulcerative-destructive
470. Complications of gastric ulcer include ... 1,3,4,5

1. bleeding
2. atrophy
3. penetration
4. perforation
5. cicatricial deformity
471. Penetration of ulcer-destructive process beyond the stomach wall (duodenal ulcer) to adjacent organs – is a ... 1
1. penetration
2. perforation
3. cicatricial stenosis
4. polyposis
5. malignancy
472. The formation of a through defect of the stomach wall (duodenum) as a result of ulcerative destructive process is ... 2
1. penetration
2. perforation
3. cicatricial stenosis
4. polyposis
5. malignancy
473. Gastric cancer precancerous diseases can be ... 1,2,3

1. chronic atrophic gastritis
2. chronic ulcer of the stomach
3. adenomatous polyps of the stomach
4. syndrome zollingerellison
5. syndrome Mallory-Weiss
474. Histological types of stomach cancer ... 1,2,4

1. glandular (adenocarcinoma)
2. Muco (perstnevskiy)
3. sanochnitsy
4. fibrous cancer (skirr)
5. clear cell
475. Possible ways of metastasis of gastric cancer ... 1,2,3,4

1. orthography lymphogenous
2. retrograde lymphogenous
3. hematogenous
4. contact (implant)
5. liquorologic
476. Typical retrograde lymphogenous metastasis of gastric cancer ... 1,2,3,4

1. in the left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow metastasis)
2. in the ovaries (metastasis Krukenberg)
3. in the lymph nodes adrectal fiber (Schnitzler's metastasis)
4. navel (metastasis sisters Joseph)
5. in inguinal lymph nodes (metastasis of Burkitt's)
477. Morphological forms of appendicitis are ... 1,2,3

1. acute superficial
2. acute destructive
3. chronic
4. granulomatous
5. necrotic
478. To destructive forms of acute appendicitis are ... 2,3,5
1. catarrhal
2. abscess
3. gangrenous
4. granulomatous
5. epistemology
479. Characteristic signs of acute appendicitis are ... 3,4,5

1. sclerosis of vessel walls
2. sclerosis of the wall of the Appendix
3. infiltration of the wall of leukocytes
4. the presence of purulent exudate in the lumen of the Appendix
5. hyperplasia in the lymphoid apparatus process
480. Complications of appendicitis are ... 1,2,3

1. perforation
2. peritonitis
3. abscesses of the liver
4. abscess
5. pancreatitis
481. A group of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease are ... 3,5
1. pseudomembranous colitis
2. shigellosis
3. Crohn's disease
4. salmonellosis
5. ulcerative colitis
482. Morphological features of ulcerative colitis are ... 2,3,5

1. the defeat of all layers of the bowel wall
2. isolated lesions of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
3. the formation of crypts abscesses
4. the formation of granulomas in the thickness of the intestinal wall
5. the formation of pseudopolyps mucosa
483. Morphological features of Crohn's disease are ... 1,4

1. the defeat of all layers of the bowel wall
2. isolated lesions of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon
3. the formation of crypts abscesses
4. the formation of granulomas in the thickness of the intestinal wall
5. the formation of pseudopolyps mucosa
484. In the bowel cancer most commonly affects ... 4,5

1. the duodenum
2. skinny gut
3. the ileum
4. colon
5. the rectum
485. For colon cancer precancerous diseases can be ... 1,2,4

2. Crohn's disease
3. appendicitis
4. polyposis of the intestine
5. shigellosis (dysentery)
486. A group of diseases, which are degenerative and necrotic changes in the hepatic parenchyma, called ... 1
1. hepatosis
2. hepatitis
4. jaundice
5. polycystic
487. Group of disorders which are based on diffuse inflammatory changes in the liver, called ... 2
1. hepatosis
2. hepatitis
4. jaundice
5. polycystic
488. Group of liver diseases, which are based on irreversible structural reorganization of the body, called ... 3
1. hepatosis
2. hepatitis
4. jaundice
5. polycystic
489. Progressive massive necrosis (toxic degeneration) of the liver can occur when ... 1,2,3,4
1. poisoning with alcohol substitutes
2. food poisoning
3. gestosis
4. thyrotoxicosis
5. heart failure
490. To the stages of progressive massive necrosis (toxic degeneration) of the liver are ... 3,4
1. stage of necrosis
2. stage of scarring
3. stage of yellow dystrophy
4. stage of red dystrophy
5. stage red obucheniya
491. For the stage of yellow dystrophy with progressive massive liver necrosis characterized by ... 1,2
1. acute fatty degeneration of hepatocytes
2. fat necrosis of hepatocytes
3. the exposure and collapse of the reticular stroma
4. resorption of detritus jorobekova
5. the massive growth of connective tissue
492. For the stage of red dystrophy with progressive massive liver necrosis characterized by ... 3,4
1. acute fatty degeneration of hepatocytes
2. fat necrosis of hepatocytes
3. the exposure and collapse of the reticular stroma
4. resorption of detritus jorobekova
5. the massive growth of connective tissue
493. When fatty hepatosis liver. 1,4,5

1. increased
2. reduced
3. dense
4. flabby
5. yellow
494. Microscopic with fatty hepatosis found ... 1,5

1. fat droplets in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
2. centrolobular massive necrosis
3. mandatory plethora of Central parts of lobules
4. leukocyte infiltrates in the portal tracts
5. the death of individual hepatocytes
495. Outcomes fatty hepatosis may be ... 1,3,5

1. recovery
2. the transition in hepatitis
3. the transition to liver cirrhosis
4. acute liver failure
5. chronic liver failure
496. To the etiological factors of hepatitis are ... 1,2,3,4

1. infectious (viral)
2. drug
3. toxic
4. autoimmune
5. vascular
497. For viral hepatitis And characteristic ... 1,3

1. fecal-oral mechanism of transmission
2. parenteral transmission mechanism
3. the incubation period is 15-45 days
4. the incubation period of 30-180 days
5. the transition to the chronic form
498. For viral hepatitis In the ... 2,4,5

1. fecal-oral mechanism of transmission
2. parenteral transmission mechanism
3. the incubation period is 15-45 days
4. the incubation period of 30-180 days
5. the transition to the chronic form
499. Figurative name of the liver in acute viral hepatitis ... 4

1. goose liver
2. nutmeg liver
3. big yellow liver
4. big red liver
5. wrinkled liver
500. Typical microscopic features of acute viral hepatitis. 4,5

1. about slices
2. periportally and interlobular fibrosis
3. fatty degeneration of hepatocytes
4. bullock of Councilmen
5. bridge necrosis of hepatocytes
501. Possible outcomes of acute viral hepatitis ... 1,2,3,5

1. full recovery
2. carriers of the virus
3. the transition in the chronic form
4. the transition to liver cirrhosis
5. death from acute liver failure
502. Forms of chronic hepatitis are ... 1,3

1. persistent
2. lightning
3. active
4. Busselton
5. asymptomatic
503. The main histological signs of chronic active hepatitis are ... 1,2,3,5
1. step necrosis of hepatocytes
2. bridge necrosis of hepatocytes
3. damage to the edge of the plate segments
4. the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate only within portal tracts
5. the penetration of inflammatory infiltrate into hepatic lobules
504. The main histological signs of persistent hepatitis are ... 1,4
1. a clear boundary edge of the plate segments
2. necrosis of hepatocytes
3. pronounced inter - and intralobular fibrosis
4. the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate only within portal tracts
5. the penetration of inflammatory infiltrate into hepatic lobules
505. The characteristic histological signs of alcoholic hepatitis. 1,3,5

1. fatty degeneration of hepatocytes
3. bullock, Mallory
4. proliferation of the epithelium of the bile ducts
5. periportally sclerosis
506. To the morphogenetic type of cirrhosis are ... 1,2,5

1. postnecrotic
2. portal
3. SKD
4. CKD
5. mixed
507. To macroscopic types of cirrhosis are ... 3,4,5

1. postnecrotic
2. portal
3. SKD
4. CKD
5. mixed
508. Macroscopically the liver cirrhosis ... 1,4,5

1. dense
2. flabby
3. smooth
4. bumpy
5. red
509. Microscopically, cirrhosis is characterized by ... 1,2,3,4

1. the formation of connective tissue septa
2. necrosis of hepatocytes
3. the appearance of false lobules
4. violation of histoarchitectonic liver
5. cellular atypical hepatocytes
510. Extrahepatic changes in liver cirrhosis include ... 1,2,3,4

2. ascites
3. jaundice
4. the extension of Porto navalnyj anastomoses
5. extension of hepatic veins
511. Characteristic signs of portal hypertension are ... 1,3,4

1. ascites
2. nutmeg liver
3. splenomegaly
4. varicose veins of the esophagus
5. hemolysis
512. Manifestations of liver failure are ... 2,3,4

1. anemia
2. jaundice
4. disharmonize
5. ascites
513. Complications of cirrhosis of the liver can be ... 1,2,3,4

1. hepatic coma
2. esophageal bleeding
3. ascites-peritonitis
4. the development of liver cancer
5. hemolytic anemia
514. For acute pancreatitis characterized by ... 1,2

1. redness and swelling of the pancreas
2. massive necrosis of parenchyma of the pancreas
3. atrophy of the parenchyma of the pancreas
4. sclerosis of the stroma of the pancreas
5. regeneration of acinar epithelium with the formation of a "regenerative adenomas"
515. For chronic pancreatitis is characterized ... 3,4,5

1. redness and swelling of the pancreas
2. massive necrosis of parenchyma of the pancreas
3. atrophy of the parenchyma of the pancreas
4. sclerosis of the stroma of the pancreas
5. regeneration of acinar epithelium with the formation of a "regenerative adenomas"
516. The main clinical-morphological forms of tuberculosis include ... 1,2,5
1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. lymphogenous
5. hematogenous
517. Primary tuberculosis is characterized ... 1,2,4

1. develops during the period of infection (at the first meeting with Infekt)
2. the prevalence of exudative-necrotic changes
3. the predominance of productive (granulomatous) changes
4. the tendency to hematogenic and lymphogenic generalization
5. only the tendency to hematogenic generalization
518. Primary tuberculosis complex can be localized in ... 1,2

1. easy
2. the gut
3. the brain
4. liver
5. the spleen
519. Components of primary tuberculosis complex are ... 2,3,4

1. cavity
2. lymphangitis
3. primary affect
4. lymphadenitis
5. 's a tuberculoma
520. The options of primary tuberculosis ... 1,4,5

1. the attenuation process and the healing of primary lesions
2. the transition to hematogenous tuberculosis
3. the transition into secondary TB
4. the progression of the process with the generalization of infection
5. chronic
521. Forms of progression of primary tuberculosis. 1,2,3,5

1. lymphogenous generalization
2. hematogenous generalization
3. growth of primary affect
4. abscess formation
5. combined form
522. For chronic primary tuberculosis is characterized ... 1,3,5

1. healing of primary affect
2. growth of primary affect
3. slow progression is lymphogenous component
4. hematogenous generalization
5. the tendency to paraspecific immune responses
523. For hematogenous tuberculosis is characterized ... 3,5

1. develops during the period of infection (at the first meeting with Infekt)
2. the prevalence of exudative-necrotic changes
3. the predominance of productive (granulomatous) changes
4. the tendency to hematogenic and lymphogenic generalization
5. only the tendency to hematogenic generalization
524. Varieties hematogenous tuberculosis are ... 3,4

1. caseous pneumonia
2. acute cavernous tuberculosis
3. generalized tuberculosis
4. tuberculosis with predominantly extrapulmonary lesions
5. infiltrative tuberculosis
525. Miliary tuberculosis is a manifestation of ... 2,4

1. primary tuberculosis complex
2. the generalization of primary tuberculosis
3. chronic primary tuberculosis
4. hematogenous tuberculosis
5. secondary tuberculosis
526. Tuberculosis granuloma is characterized ... 2,3,4

1. the presence of neutrophils
2. the predominance of epithelioid cells
3. the presence of caseous necrosis
4. the presence of giant cells Pirogov-Langhans
5. the abundance of blood vessels with symptoms of endovasculitis
527. Tuberculosis granuloma form ... 1,2,4

2. lymphocytes
3. leukocytes
4. giant cells of Pirogov-Langhans
5. erythrocytes
528. The characteristic features of the giant cells of Pirogov-Langhans ... 1,2,4
1. a large number of nuclei
2. nuclei are located at periphery of the cell in the form of a horseshoe or ring
3. cores are placed in the center of the cell
4. the absence of primary lysosomes
5. active phagocytosis
529. Possible outcomes of tuberculous granulomas are ... 1,2,4

1. fibrosis
2. total necrosis
3. resorption
4. calcification
530. For secondary tuberculosis is characterized ... 1,3,5

1. selective pulmonary localization process
2. the generalised nature of the lesion
3. contact and intracanalicular the propagation path
4. hematogenous route of spread
5. occurs in humans who have had previous primary tuberculosis
531. Forms-phases of secondary tuberculosis are ... 1,2,3

1. infiltrative
2. cirrhotic
3. cavernous
4. necrotic
5. tuberculous sepsis
532. The progression of the inflammatory process, reflects the following forms of secondary tuberculosis. 2,3
1. fibrous-focal
2. infiltrative
4. fibro-cavernous
5. 's a tuberculoma
533. Attenuation of the inflammatory process, reflects the following forms of secondary tuberculosis. 1,4,5
1. fibrous-focal
2. infiltrative
4. fibro-cavernous
5. 's a tuberculoma
534. For infiltrative tuberculosis is characterized ... 1,3,5

1. predominant exudative-necrotic tissue reaction
2. dominated by the productive tissue reaction
3. perifocal changes prevail over cheesy
4. accompanied by caseous lymphadenitis
5. the progression comes to a sharp cavernous form
535. For acute cavernous tuberculosis is characterized ... 1,2,3

1. a quick breakdown of lung tissue with cavity formation
2. frequent localization of changes in I-II segments of lungs
3. bronchial colonization the lungs
4. massive fibrotic process at the periphery of the centers
5. lymphogenous generalization process
536. Typical complications of primary tuberculosis are ... 2,3

2. tuberculous meningitis
3. pleurisy
4. sequestration, deformation of bones and joints
5. lobar pneumonia
537. Typical hematogenous complications of tuberculosis include ... 2,3,4

3. tuberculous sepsis
5. lobar pneumonia
538. Typical secondary complications of tuberculosis include ... 1,3,5

3. empyema
5. pneumothorax
539. Tuberculous meningitis may develop in ... 1,3

1. hematogenic generalization of primary tuberculosis
2. lymphogenous generalization of primary tuberculosis
3. hematogenous tuberculosis
4. infiltrative tuberculosis
5. fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis
540. Primary syphilis is characterized ... 1,2

1. the formation of the chancre at the entrance gate of infection
2. regional lymphadenitis
3. the appearance of lesions (syphilides) on the skin and mucous membranes
4. chronic diffuse interstitial inflammation of the internal organs
5. education Gumm
541. Morphological characteristics of the chancre ... 1,3,5

1. ulcers with dense edges and a lacquered bottom
2. loosening of tissue with massive granulation on the surface
3. lymphoplasmacytic infiltration
4. massive neutrophilic infiltration
5. proliferation of endothelium of small vessels, up to obliteration of the lumen
542. Secondary syphilis is characterized ... 3

5. education Gumm
543. For tertiary syphilis is characterized ... 4,5

5. education Gumm
544. The rash of secondary syphilis (syphilides) can be represented ... 1,2,3
1. the roseola
2. papules
3. pustules
4. ulcers
5. nodes
545. Gunma is an expression ... of tissue reaction 4

1. alterative
2. exudative
3. hemorrhagic
4. productive
546. For syphilitic gum typical ... 1,2,3,5

1. the presence of blood vessels
2. the predominance of plasma cells
3. the presence of necrosis in the center
4. a large number of giant cells Pirogov Langhans
5. endovasculitis
547. Typical visceral manifestations of syphilis – ... 2,3,4,5

1. chancre
2. syphilitic cirrhosis of the internal organs
3. syphilitic masorti
4. progressive paralysis
5. tabes dorsalis
548. For syphilitic Mesaoria typical ... 1,4,5

1. the predominant lesion of the ascending part and the aortic arch
2. the predominant lesion of abdominal aorta
3. the localization process in the inner lining (intima)
4. the localization process in the middle shell (tunica media)
5. the aorta takes the form of "pebbled leather"
549. The characteristic features of early congenital syphilis ... 1,2,3

1. specific interstitial pneumonia ("white pneumonia")
2. specific interstitial hepatitis ("silicon liver")
3. papular and pustular eruptions on the skin
4. the triad of Hutchinson (tverdokopchenye teeth, parenchymatous keratitis, deafness)
5. Dubois abscesses in the thymus
550. The characteristic features of late congenital syphilis ... 4,5

1. specific interstitial pneumonia ("white pneumonia")
2. specific interstitial hepatitis ("silicon liver")
3. papular and pustular eruptions on the skin
4. the triad of Hutchinson (tverdokopchenye teeth, parenchymatous keratitis, deafness)
5. Dubois abscesses in the thymus
551. Acute respiratory viral infections are caused by ... 1,2,3,5

1. influenza virus
2. virus parainfluenza
3. respiratory syncytial virus
4. Coxsackie virus
5. the adenovirus
552. Pathogenic properties of influenza virus are implemented through ... 2,3,5
1. stimulation of immunity
2. immune suppression
3. asoptions action
4. neuropathic effect
5. cytopathic effect on the airway epithelium
553. Cytopathic effect of influenza virus appears microscopically ... 4,5

1. inflammation
2. swelling of tissues
3. hemorrhages
4. necrosis of the epithelium of bronchioles and alveoli
5. dystrophy of the epithelium of bronchioles and alveoli
554. Asoptions action of influenza virus appears microscopically ... 1,3,4

1. plasmatic impregnation of the vessel walls
2. necrosis of the epithelium of bronchioles and alveoli
3. hemorrhages
4. a plethora
5. inflammation
555. Local changes in influenza of mild severity characterized by the defeat ... 1,4
1. nasopharynx
2. terminal bronchioles
3. alveoli
4. trachea
5. stomach
556. Inflammation in the Airways in mild form of the flu is ... character 1
1. serous
2. purulent
3. granulomatous
4. hemorrhagic
557. Pneumonia develops when ... forms of flu 2,3

1. easy
2. average weight
3. heavy
4. latent
5. toxic
558. The characteristic signs of pneumonia in influenza of moderate severity are: 1,3
1. interstitial nature
2. viral-bacterial etiology
3. lymphomacrophagal infiltration
5. granulomatous inflammation
559. Options severe forms of influenza are ... 1,5

1. toxic
2. cardiovascular
3. renal
4. cerebral
5. pulmonary complications
560. Toxic variant of severe forms of influenza is characterized by ... 1,5

1. hemorrhages
4. catarrhal inflammation
5. hemorrhagic pulmonary edema
561. The characteristic signs of pneumonia in the heavy form of influenza with pulmonary complications are ... 2,3,4
1. interstitial nature
2. viral-bacterial etiology
3. bronchopneumonia
4. purulent-hemorrhagic inflammation
5. granulomatous inflammation
562. Figurative name of the lung in severe influenza with pulmonary complications – lung ... 3
1. "big red"
2. "big greasy"
3. "great spotted"
4. "great white"
563. False croup with parainfluenza in children is associated with ... 1

1. edema of the larynx
2. bronchospasm
3. obturation of the respiratory tract with fibrinous films
4. obturation of the respiratory tract with mucus
564. Measles rash (exanthema) morphologically characterized ... 1,4

1. hyperemia
2. the hyalinosis of the dermis
3. atrophy of the epidermis
4. lymphohistiocytic infiltration
5. giant multinucleated cells of Pirogov-Langhans
565. Spots Filatov-Koplik found on ... 4

1. hands and feet
2. the extensor surfaces of the forearms
3. language
4. the inner surface of the cheeks
5. the head
566. Uncomplicated form of measles pneumonia is characterized by ... 3,5

1. purulent pneumonia
3. interstitial inflammation
4. purulent-necrotic pobraniem
5. multinucleated cells in the infiltrate
567. Periods of HFRS are ... 1,5

1. oligoanalgesia
2. proteinuric
3. hematuric
4. nephrotic
5. politicheskii
568. Kidney disease in HFRS is more common with -- day of illness 2

1. 1-2
2. 5-7
3. 10-12
4. 14-15
569. Macroscopic changes of the kidney in HFRS ... 1,3,4

1. a dramatic increase in size and weight
2.shrinkage and weight reduction
3. pyramid purple-cyanotic
4. the bark is pale grey
5. pyramid pale grey
570. Microscopic changes of the kidney in HFRS ... 1,3,4

1. hemorrhage and edema in the stroma of the pyramids
2. diffuse glomerulosclerosis
3. degeneration, necrobiosis and desquamation of the tubular epithelium
4. acute hydronephrosis in the cortex
5. leukocytic infiltration of the stroma with the formation of microabscesses
571. Characteristic changes of the pituitary gland from dead in HFRS ... 3,5
1. hyperplasia of the anterior lobe
2. hyperplasia of the posterior lobe
3. necrosis
4. atrophy
5. hemorrhage
572. Sheehan's syndrome in HFRS is an acute insufficiency... 2

1. adrenal
2. pituitary
3. renal
4. liver
5. heart
573. Typical complications of HFRS are ... 1,2,4

1. toxic shock
2. acute renal failure
3. acute respiratory failure
4. DIC
574. The main features of sepsis ... 1,4,5

1. polyetiological
2. has a strictly cyclic for
3. necessarily accompanied by bacteremia
4. not contagious
5. not formed an immune response
575. Clinical-morphologic forms of sepsis are ... 1,3,5

1. infective endocarditis
2. infectious myocarditis
3. septicaemia
4. bacteremia
5. pyosepticemia
576. General changes in sepsis are ... 1,3,4

1. degeneration and interstitial inflammation of parenchymal organs
2. infective endocarditis
3. the vasculitis
4. hyperplasia of the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues
5. thrombophlebitis in the field of septic hearth
577. The characteristic signs of septicemia are ... 1,3,4

1. severe hyperergic reaction
2. multiple metastatic abscesses of the internal organs
3. acute or fulminant course
4. General changes prevail over the local
5. chromobacterium embolism
578. The characteristics of septicopyemia are ... 2,5

1. severe hyperergic reaction
2. multiple metastatic abscesses of the internal organs
3. acute or fulminant course
4. General changes prevail over the local
5. chromobacterium embolism
579. The morphological picture is characterized by septic endocarditis ... endocarditis 2

1. relapsing-warty
2. polypose-ulcerative
3. fibroelastosis
4. phlegmonous-ulcerative
580. Septic spleen characterized ... 1,4

1. the increase in size
2. reducing the size
3. atrophy of lymphoid system
4. hyperplasia of lymphoid system
5. multiple abscesses
581. Currently prevails diphtheria ... 1

1. throat
2. nose
3. eyes
4. skin
5. vulva
582. In the input gate in diphtheria the inflammation has ... character 2
1. productive
2. fibrinous
3. purulent
4. hemorrhagic
5. putrid
583. For diphtheria of the throat characteristic ... 2,3

1. croupous inflammation
2. diphtheric inflammation
3. the formation of massive fibrinous membranes, is strongly related to the underlying tissue
4. education friable fibrinous films, easily extending from the underlying tissue
5. the development of true grits
584. For diphtheria of the respiratory tract characterized ... 1,4,5

1. croupous inflammation
2. diphtheric inflammation
3. the formation of massive fibrinous membranes, is strongly related to the underlying tissue
4. education friable fibrinous films, easily extending from the underlying tissue
5. the development of true grits
585. The effect of diphtheria exotoxin causes ... 3,4,5

2. purulent myocarditis
3. toxic myocarditis
4. parenchymatous neuritis
5. necrosis, degenerative changes in the adrenal glands
586. Typical signs of early heart failure in diphtheria ... 1,3

1. occurs at the beginning of the 2nd week of the disease
2. occurs after 1.5-2 months after onset of illness
3. associated with toxic myocarditis
4. associated with damage to peripheral nerves and autonomic ganglia
5. can be combined with paralysis of the soft palate, vocal cords, larynx
587. The characteristic features of late heart failure in diphtheria ... 2,4,5
1. occurs at the beginning of the 2nd week of the disease
2. occurs after 1.5-2 months after onset of illness
3. associated with toxic myocarditis
4. associated with damage to peripheral nerves and autonomic ganglia
5. can be combined with paralysis of the soft palate, vocal cords, larynx
588. A typical localization of local changes in scarlet fever is ... 4

1. the bronchioles
2. leather
3. the intestines
4. the mucous membrane of the throat
589. Typical symptoms of scarlet fever ... 1,2,3

1. a sharp hyperemia of the throat and tonsils ("burning throat")
2. catarrhal and necrotic angina
4. croupous laryngitis
5. purulent-hemorrhagic pneumonia
590. The characteristics of the rash in scarlet fever ... 2,3,5

1. krupnopyatnistaya rash papular
2. petechial rash is bright red
3. covers the entire surface of the body except nasolabial triangle
4. covers the face, neck, torso, and extensor surfaces of the extremities
5. in the end – plate peeling
591. The second period of scarlet fever may manifest by the development ... 1,2,3
2. rheumatism
3. vasculitis
4. lobar pneumonia
5. meningitis
592. Forms of meningococcal disease are ... 3,4,5

1. allergic
2. toxic
3. nasopharyngitis
4. meningitis
5. meningococcemia
593. In meningococcal meningitis is typical ... inflammation. 4

1. hemorrhagic
2. catarrhal
3. productive
4. purulent
5. granulomatous
594. Changes in meningococcal meningitis ... 1,3

1. the meninges is cloudy, thickened, covered with a purulent coating
2. meninges blood-soaked
3. brain tissue is plethoric, edematous
4. brain tissue richly infiltrated with leukocytes
5. in the brain tissue formed multiple cysts
595. Causes of death by meningococcemia are .. . 3,4,5

1. acute liver failure
2. acute respiratory failure
3. acute adrenal insufficiency
5. brain swelling
596. The characteristics of the rash in meningococcal infection. 2,4,5

1. occurs when any form of meningococcal disease
2. occurs only when meningococcemia
3. is coming papular form
4. has star-shaped hemorrhagic character
5. is located mainly on the buttocks, lower limbs, eyelids
597. Syndrome Waterhouse-Friderichsen associated ... 1

1. massive necrosis and hemorrhage in adrenal glands
2. massive necrosis and hemorrhage in the pituitary gland
3. massive necrosis and hemorrhage in the brain
4. massive purulent meningitis
598. While typhoid fever often affects the ... 4

1. sigmoid colon
2. duodenum
3. cecum
4. ileum
5. rectum
599. For typhoid fever, the most characteristic changes are ... 4,5
1. fibrinous colitis
2. hemorrhagic colitis
4. mozgovenko swelling of Peyer's patches
5. the formation of ulcers in the small intestine
600. For typhoid fever is characterized by the following changes in Peyer's patches ... 1,2,3,4
1. mozgovenko swelling
2. necrosis
3. ulceration
4. the outcome of the process – sclerosis
5. atrophy
601. Complications of typhoid fever include: 2,4,5

1. pylephlebitis abscesses of the liver
2. bruchkomitsky sepsis
3. lobar pneumonia
4. peritonitis
5. intestinal bleeding
602. In dysentery (shigellosis) often affects the ... 1,5

1. sigmoid colon
2. Peyer's patches of the ileum
3. the vermiform Appendix of the colon
4. duodenum
5. rectum
603. In dysentery (shigellosis) release stage ... 1,2,3

1. catarrhal colitis
2. fibrinous colitis
4. mozgovogo the swelling of Peyer's patches
5. necrosis
604. In dysentery (shigellosis) in the first stage occurs ... inflammation 2

1. fibrinous
2. catarrhal
3. hemorrhagic
4. purulent
5. productive
605. For the second stage of the characteristic dysenteric colitis ... colon. 1,2,3
1. fibrinous inflammation of the mucous membrane
2. common foci of necrosis of the mucous membrane
3. dystrophic and necrotic changes in the neuromuscular apparatus
4. mozgovenko swelling of Peyer's patches
5. the formation of deep ulcers in the intestinal wall
606. The third stage dysenteric colitis is characterized by ... 4
1. catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane
2. croupous inflammation of the mucous membrane
3. diphtheric inflammation of the mucous membrane
4. the formation of ulcers
5. the scarring in the intestinal wall
607. Clinical-morphological forms of salmonellosis are: 1,3,5

1. bruchnotifozna
2. hepatorenal
3. intestinal
4. lymphoid
5. septic
608. Stages of cholera are ... 3,4,5

1. proctitis
2. sigmoid
3. gastroenteritis
4. ALGID
5. serous enteritis
609. In the wall of the small intestine in cholera occur ... 1,2
1. sharp hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane
2. infiltration of the mucosa by lymphocytes, with plasma cells, neutrophils
3. deep ulcers
4. massive sclerosis
5. atrophy of the mucous membrane
610. Dehydration with cholera occurs due to ... 2,4

1. disorders of protein metabolism
2. vomiting
3. edema of the gastric mucosa
4. diarrhea
5. uremia
611. The human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause ... 1,4

1. genital warts genital
2. endocervicoses
3. breast cancer
4. cervical cancer
5. uterine cancer
612. To dishormonal disease of the sexual organs are ... 2,3,4

1. acute endometritis
2. glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium
3. nodular hyperplasia of prostate
4. endocervicoses
5. endocervicitis
613. Macroscopic signs of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate ... 1,4

1. the enlarged prostate
2. reducing the size of cancer
3. the cut – a single encapsulated node
4. in the context of multiple nodules separated by layers
614. Microscopic signs of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate ... 1,3,4

1. the increase in the number of glands
2. the decrease in the number of glands
3. the glands are of different size and shape
4. the emergence of "psammoma Taurus"
615. Morphological forms of acute prostatitis ... 1,4,5

1. catarrhal
2. hemorrhagic
3. abscess
4. follicular
5. parenchymal
616. Morphological signs of acute prostatitis ... 1,2,3,4

1. small disseminated abscesses
2. purulent-necrotic changes of gland
3. leukocytic infiltration of stroma
4. diffuse stromal edema
5. diffuse fibrosis of the stroma
617. Morphological signs of chronic prostatitis ... 2,3,5

1. excess growth of the glandular tissue
2. a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the stroma of the gland
3. the growth of granulation and scar tissue
4. multiple foci of necrosis
5. atrophy of parenchymatous elements
618. For prostate cancer is characterized by ... 1,3,5

1. most of the structure of adenocarcinoma
2. most of the structure of squamous cell carcinoma
3. the tendency to invasion of adjacent organs
4. the tumor node is always clearly demarcated by a capsule
5. often metastasizes to the bones
619. Morphological signs of acute suppurative mastitis ... 1,3
1. mammary gland is sharply edematous, hyperemic
2. in thicker glands - multiple painless nodules
3. microscopically – diffuse leukocytic infiltration
4. microscopically, diffuse fibrosis and atrophy of the parenchyma
620. Nodular painless education in the breast can be manifestation of ... 1,3,4,5
1. chronic mastitis
2. acute mastitis
3. fibrocystic disease
4. fibroadenoma
5. cancer
621. Morphological features of fibrocystic disease of the breast ... 1,2

1. violation of differentiation of the epithelium
2. violation of the histological structure
3. invasion of the epithelium in be basement membrane
4. multiple pathological mitoses
622. Basic morphological forms of fibrocystic disease of the breast ... 1,2
1. proliferative
2. nonproliferative
3. benign
4. malignant
623. Benign breast tumors include ... 1,3

1. fibroadenoma
2. adenocarcinoma
3. intraductal papilloma
4. melanoma
5. Paget's disease
624. Options neinfectingo (non-invasive) breast cancer ... 1,2

1. intralobular
2. intraductal
3. diffuse
4. mixed
5. Paget's disease
625. Variants of infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer ... 1,4

1. Paget's disease
2. intralobular cancer
3. intraductal cancer
4. skirr
626. The most common morphological variant of breast cancer ... 3

1. intraductal cancer
2. intralobular cancer
3. invasive ductal carcinoma
4. invasive lobular carcinoma
5. Paget's disease
627. Favourite localization of nodal metastases in breast cancer ... 1,2,5

1. axillary lymph nodes
2. supraclavicular lymph nodes
3. cervical lymph nodes
4. para-aortic lymph nodes
5. subclavian lymph nodes
628. Transformation of the stratified squamous epithelium of the vaginal portion of the cervix in a single layer glandular is ... 3
1. leukoplakia
2. erythroplakia
3. endocervicoses (pseudo)
4. true erosion
629. Options (stages) endocervicosis (pseudo cervix) ... 1,2,3

1. simple
2. proliferating
3. healing
4. invasive
5. malignant
630. To precancerous diseases of the cervix include ... 1,2,3

1. endocervicoses
2. cervical polyps
3. viral warts (HPV infection)
4. uterine prolapse
631. Significant risk factors for cervical cancer ... 1,5

1. early sexual debut
2. the use of oral contraceptives
3. Smoking
4. fungal infections of the genitals
5. HPV infection
632. The most frequent histological variants of cervical cancer ... 1,2
1. squamous
3. perstnevskiy
4. skirr
633. To precancerous diseases of the endometrium include ... 3,4

1. endometritis
2. endometriosis
4. glandular endometrial polyp
634. The most frequent histological variant of endometrial cancer ... 2

1. squamous
3. perstnevskiy
4. skirr
635. The most common benign tumor of the uterine body ... 2
1. adenoma
2. leiomyoma
3. cancer
4. papilloma
636. Endometriosis is ... 1

1. the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the endometrium
3. the formation of foci of squamous epithelium in the endometrium
4. neoplastic transformation of the epithelium of endometrial glands
637. The development of tubal pregnancy contribute ... 1,2,3

1. hypoplasia of the fallopian tubes
2. adhesive disease of the peritoneum
3. oophoritis
4. endocervicoses
5. cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium
638. The most frequent localization of ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy ... 2

1. the cervix
2. fallopian tube
3. ovaries
4. vagina
5. abdominal cavity
639. Forms of trophoblastic disease ... 1,2

1. molar pregnancy
2. horionkartsinoma
3. placental polyp
4. decidual polyp
640. The gestosis (late toxicosis of pregnant women) are ... 1,2,3
1. nephropathy
2. preeclampsia
3. eclampsia
4. endometritis
5. molar pregnancy
641. Inflammation of the bone marrow proliferation for the bone tissue and the periosteum is ... 3
1. periostitis
2. osteoporosis
3. osteomyelitis
4. osteoarthritis
642. The origin of osteomyelitis is ... 1,2

1. primary (hematogenous)
2. secondary
3. specific
4. infectious
5. hereditary
643. In the course of osteomyelitis is ... 3,4

1. benign
2. malignant
3. sharp
4. chronic
644. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the ... 1,2,4

1. often is purulent
2. is characterized by focal necrosis of the bone tissue
3. acts as a complications of trauma
4. associated with hematogenous drift of an infection from other foci
645. In chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis observed ... 1,2,3,4

1. sequestration and formation of fistulas
2. the activation of osteogenesis
3. the development of amyloidosis of internal organs
4. the risk of pathological fractures
646. Secondary osteomyelitis may occur ... 1,2,3

1. with open fractures
2. for gunshot wounds
3. when the distribution process from the surrounding tissues
4. with the introduction of infection through the blood
647. Complications of osteomyelitis ... 1,2,3,5

1. fistulas
2. the formation of abscesses in the surrounding tissues
3. the development of sepsis
4. the development of osteosarcoma
5. the development of amyloidosis
648. Lesions of the osteoarticular system specific nature is possible if ... 2,3
1. sepsis
2. tuberculosis
3. syphilis
4. myasthenia gravis
5. rickets
649. Mineralization of bone tissue increases with ... 2,3

1. the decrease in level of calcitonin
2. the increase in level of calcitonin
3. the decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone
4. increasing the level of parathyroid hormone
650. Bone tissue mineralization decreases when ... 1,4

1. the decrease in level of calcitonin
2. the increase in level of calcitonin
3. the decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone
4. increasing the level of parathyroid hormone
651. The characteristic features of rheumatoid arthritis ... 1,4,5

1. it is based on a systemic progressive disorganization of connective tissue
2. it is based on infectious-inflammatory process in the joint
3. it affects mainly large joints
4. it affects mainly the small joints
5. in Exodus formed fibrous ankylosis
652. Benign tumors of bone-joint system are ... 1,2,4

1. osteoma
2. giant cell tumor (osteoblastoclastoma)
3. osteosarcoma
4. the osteoid osteoma
5. chondrosarcoma
653. To malignant tumors of bone-joint system are ... 3,4

1. osteoma
2. giant cell tumor (osteoblastoclastoma)
3. osteosarcoma
4. chondrosarcoma
5. Kaposi's sarcoma
654. Microscopic signs of osteosarcoma ... 1,4

1. invasion into the surrounding tissue and vessels
2. expansive growth
3. the only atypical tissue
4. the atypical tissue and cellular
655. A hereditary disease characterized by dysfunction of osteoclasts is ... 3

1. primary osteoporosis
2. secondary osteoporosis
3. osteopetrosis
4. disease Reklingauzena
5. Ewing's sarcoma
656. Hyperkeratosis is ... 1

1. excessive thickening of the Horny layer of the epidermis
2. saving in the Horny layer of cells with nuclei in the absence of the granular layer
3. hyperplasia of the epidermis with elongation of appendages misonikomi
4. the intercellular edema of the epidermis
5. surface damage with incomplete destruction of the epidermis
657. Parakeets is ... 2

658. Acanthosis is ... 3

659. Sponges is ... 4

660. Erosion of the skin is ... 5
661. The macula is ... 1

1. delimited flat spot differing in color from surrounding skin
2. distinguished bespalatnoe seal, towering above the skin surface
3. abdominal education, towering above the skin surface
4. dry and thin Horny plate
662. Papule is ... 2

663. A vesicle is ... 3

664. Examples of hyperpigmentation (of hypermelanosis) are ... 1,2,4

1. freckles
2. nevi
3. vitiligo
4. lentigines
5. albinism
665. Examples of hypopigmentation (hypomelanosis) are ... 3,5

1. freckles
2. nevi
3. vitiligo
4. lentigines
5. albinism
666. Malignant tumor of melanocytic origin ... 5

1. vitiligo
2. lentigines
3. melasma
4. nevus
5. melanoma
667. Types of nevi are ... 1,2,5

1. intradermal
2. border
3. malignant
4. blue
5. complex
668. A characteristic morphological feature of dysplastic nevus is ... 2

1. significant accumulations of melanin
2. nebesnyh proliferation of atypical cells along the border of epidermis and dermis
3. circumscribed accumulations of melanocytes in the dermis
4. circumscribed accumulations of melanocytes in the epidermis
669. Benign tumors of the skin and its appendages are ... 1,3
1. papilloma
2. melanoma
3. adenoma
4. basal cell carcinoma
5. adenocarcinoma
670. To malignant tumors of the skin and its appendages are ... 2,4,5
1. papilloma
2. melanoma
3. adenoma
4. basal cell carcinoma
5. adenocarcinoma
671. Changes of neurons during hypoxia ... 2,3,4

1. vallerosa rebirth
2. microvasculature
3. chromolysis
4. karyopyknosis
5. transneuronal degeneration
672. To cerebrovascular disease are ... 1,2,5

1. cerebral infarction
2. intracerebral hemorrhage
3. hydrocephalus
4. encephalomyelitis
673. The reason for the development of cerebral infarction might be stenosing atherosclerosis of the arteries ... 1,2,4
1. vnutrineironalnah
2. vertebrates
3. external carotid
4. internal carotid
674. Ischemic lesions of the brain most commonly associated with blood circulation in the pool ... 3
1. anterior cerebral artery
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. middle cerebral artery
4. back connecting artery
675. The immediate causes of cerebral infarction ... 1,2,3

1. thrombosis of the cerebral arteries and precerebral
2. thromboembolism and cerebral arteries precerebral
3. prolonged spasm of the cerebral arteries and precerebral
4. rupture of the aneurysm of cerebral arteries and precerebral
676. The focus of grey softening of the brain is a manifestation of ... 3

2. hematoma of the brain
3. ischemic cerebral infarction
4. transient ischemic attack
677. Complications of cerebral infarction are ... 1,2,4

3. tromboembolia pulmonary artery
678. Possible causes of death of patients with cerebral infarction can be ... 1,4
3. purulent meningoencephalitis
679. Possible outcome of major cerebral infarction can be ... 1

1. cyst
2. scarring
3. complete resorption
4. calcification
680. Complications hematoma of the brain can be ... 1,2,3

5. DIC
681. Hematoma of the brain can occur when ... 1,2,4

1. hypertension
2. symptomatic hypertension
3. copious hemorrhage
4. the rupture of intracerebral blood vessels
5. thrombosis of intracerebral vessels
682. Complications hematoma of the brain can be ... 1,3

2. pulmonary embolism
5. DIC
683. Meningitis is a ... 1

1. inflammation of the meninges
2. inflammation of the brain
3. inflammation of substance of spinal cord
4. concomitant inflammation of the membranes and substances of the brain
684. Encephalitis is ... 2

1. inflammation of the meninges
2. inflammation of the brain
3. inflammation of substance of spinal cord
4. concomitant inflammation of the membranes and substances of the brain
685. Purulent inflammation of the meninges, typical for ... 2

1. tick-borne encephalitis
2. meningococcal disease
4. neurosyphilis
686. The predominant form of inflammation in tuberculous meningitis. 1,5

1. serous
2. fibrinous
3. purulent
4. hemorrhagic
5. productive
687. Secondary meningitis may occur when ... 1,2,5
1. otitis
2. sinusitis
3. meningococcal disease
4. tick-borne encephalitis
5. odontogenic infection
688. Microscopic features of acute viral encephalitis ... 2,5

1. diffuse leukocytic infiltration of the substance of the brain
2. lymphocytes and plasma cells in the subarachnoid space
3. hemosiderosis
4. extensive hemorrhage
5. lymphoplasmacytic clutch
689. Pathognomonic sign of lesion of the Central nervous system in rabies - ... 2
1. Lewy body
2. Taurus the Babes-Negri
4. calf of Guarnieri
690. To dystrophic (degenerative) diseases of the CNS are ... 1,2

1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Parkinson's disease
3. multiple sclerosis
4. polio
691. Secondary dementia may be the result of ... 2,3,4,5

2. traumatic brain injury
3. neuroinfections
4. of brain tumors
5. cerebrovascular diseases
692. A disease characterized by focal demyelination and gliosis of tissue of brain and spinal cord is ... 2
1. polio
2. multiple sclerosis
3. syringomyelia
693. Pathognomonic signs of Alzheimer's disease ... 1,2,3

1. senile plaques
2. neurofibrillary bundles
3. amyloid deposits
4. Taurus the Babes-Negri
5. cells Pirogov-Langhans
694. To neuroectodermal tumors are ... 1,2

1. astrocytoma
2. glioblastoma
3. meningioma
4. melanoma
5. adenocarcinoma
695. Mature (benign) brain tumors are ... 1,4

1. astrocytoma
2. glioblastoma
3. neurinoma
4. ependymoma
5. medulloblastoma
696. Features of CNS tumors ... 2,4,5

1. occur exclusively in children
2. usually metastasize within the Central nervous system via the cerebrospinal
3. always have Mature (differentiated) structure
4. the brain is affected more often than the spinal cord
5. always occur in clinically malignant
697. Typical signs of astrocytoma ... 2,5

2. clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue
4. metastasize within the CNS
5. is of neuroectodermal origin
698. The characteristic features of glioblastoma ... 1,2,5

3. always associated with meninges
4. not metastasized
5. is of glial origin
699. The characteristic features of meningiomas ... 2,4,5

1. localized in the white matter of the brain
2. always has a connection with the brain lining
4. not metastasized
5. expansive growth
700. The characteristics of the neuroma (schwannoma) ... 1,4
1. growing from the sheaths of the nerves
2. grows directly from the nerve fibres
3. invasive growth

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Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of

Department of Pathological Anatomy

2. To non-lethal damage of cells and tissues are ... 2

3. To lethal damage of cells and tissues are ... 1,3

5. Depending on localization distinguish pathological accumulation (dystrophy) ... 1,4

8. Morphogenetic mechanisms of pathological accumulation (dystrophies) are ... 1,3

9. Morphogenetic mechanisms of pathological accumulation (dystrophies) are ... 1,2,4,5

13. The transformation products of one type of exchange to another is ... 1

14. Intracellular (parenchymal) pathological accumulations are ... 2,4

15. To intracellular accumulation of lead: 1,4,5

19. For hepatitis b ... the most typical dystrophy of hepatocytes 2

20. Intracellular accumulation of glycogen observed in ... 4,5

24. Fatty liver often develops on the mechanism ... 1,4

25. In the fatty degeneration of the liver. 1,4,5

27. To the stromal-vascular dystrophy protein are ... 1,2,3

28. Hyalinosis is the outcome ... 3

29. The hyalinosis of vessels characteristic of ... 1,3

31. Obesity heart characterizes ... 1,2

33. Mixed type is usually postponed ... 1,4

34. To endogenous pigments are ... 1,3,4,5

35. To hemoglobinopathy pigments are ... 2,3,5

37. The hemosiderosis of the liver leads ... 1,2,3

38. In hemochromatosis there exists an excessive accumulation in the tissues ... 2

39. Hemosiderin gives the organs (tissues) ... color 4

41. To proteinogenic (tyrosinaemia) pigments are ... 3,4

42. Local hypermilers develops when ... 3,4

43. Addison's (bronze) disease is a manifestation ... 1

44. Albinism is a manifestation of ... 2

45. The types of pathological calcification are ... 2,5

47. Necrosis is ... 1

48. To changes the cells during necrosis include ... 1,2,3,4

49. The main symptom of a dead cell is ... 2

50. Morphological verification of in vivo necrotic changes is ... 4

51. Types of necrosis depending on the reasons ... 2,3,5

52. Clinical-morphological forms of necrosis are ... 1,2,5

53. Types dry necrosis are ... 1,3

54. Fibrinoid necrosis characteristic of ... 3,5

55. Caseation is characteristic of ... 2,5

56. A typical variant of necrosis in the brain is ... 4

57. A typical localization colliquation necrosis is ... 3

58. Necrosis of tissues in contact with the external environment is ... 3

59. Land of the dead tissue is not exposed to autolysis it ... 4

60. A heart attack is ... 2

62. On the morphology of a heart attack is ... 1,2,3

63. White (ischemic) infarction occurs more often in ... 2

64. Red (hemorrhagic) infarction occurs more often in ... 4,5

66. Favorable outcomes of necrosis are ... 1,2,4

68. The organization is the outcome of necrosis, characterized by ... 1

69. Petrification is the outcome of necrosis, characterized by ... 3

70. Apoptosis is ... 2

72. The main cause of arterial plethora is ... 3

73. The color of the tissues with arterial plethora ... 1

74. The main cause of venous plethora is ... 2

75. Venous plethora could be ... 2,3

76. General venous hyperemia develops at ... 4,5

78. Phase of pulmonary edema ... 1,4

79. With chronic venous plethora of internal organs ... 3,4,5

83. Signs of chronic heart insufficiency are ... 1,3,5

86. The figurative name of liver at chronic venous plethora ... 4

87. For nutmeg liver is characterized by ... 1,4

88. Skin at total venous plethora ... 3

89. Ascites is ... 2