Wharrean Angelo Abas

BSCE 3-A
APRILL 11, 2023

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

IN HYDRAULICS QUESTIONS

PROBLEM NO. 1

Solution:

Pressure is the force applied to a fluid over a given area. Working from the gas bulb to the open end,
a pressure balance based at the interface in each leg of the two “U” bends is
For the inclined leg

The difference in pressure between the bulb and the atmospheric pressure is therefore

PROBLEM NO. 2

Solution:

The Falkirk Wheel was originally designed as a boat lift in the nineteenth century, but it was only
examined as a possibility for connecting the two canals in 1994. It is an instance of Archimedes'
principle for floating bodies, which asserts that when a body floats, it displaces an equivalent weight
of liquid. In truth, Archimedes did not define the idea, although it is related to his hydrostatic
findings. When a body is half or completely submerged in a liquid, there is an upthrust on the body
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body. Regardless of the kind, size, and number of
floating vessels, both tanks will be equally balanced.

A body will float in a liquid if the displaced liquid weighs less than the body itself, according to
Archimedes' principle. A ship's hull built of steel will displace a volume or weight of water larger than
the ship's overall weight. Ice floats easily on water because it displaces its own weight, which is equal
to the weight of the displaced water. That is to say,

Expressing mass in terms of volume and density, for which the density of ice is 911 kgm–3, the
proportion below the surface, F, to the overall height, L, is therefore,

That is, over 90% of the ice lies below the surface.

FUN FACT:

Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician and philosopher who lived from 287 to 212 BC.
He is credited with developing lever mechanics, the Archimedean screw pump, and a system of
consecutive approximations that allowed him to estimate the value of to a good approximation.
According to legend, King Hiero requested Archimedes to determine if a crown was entirely
comprised of pure gold or contained a poor alloy. While pondering how to do this without damaging
the crown, Archimedes is said to have suddenly thought of immersing it in water and checking its
density by displacement, and to have been so excited that he ran naked through the streets
shouting Eureka! Eureka! I discovered it!
PROBLEM NO. 3

Solution:

The gauge pressure is the pressure measured relative to the changeable atmospheric pressure.
Because of the difference in levels in the manometer, the pressure in the chamber is larger than the
atmospheric pressure. Because the level of mercury in the right-hand leg connecting the bulb is
higher, the gauge pressure in the bulb must be higher as well. As a result, the pressure in the
chamber is

while the pressure in the bulb is

PROBLEM NO. 4

PROBLEM NO. 5
PROBLEM NO. 6