Tutorial-6

ME-101 (Engineering Mechanics, Semester-II)

Date: 03/05/2023 and Time: 8.00 to 8.55 AM

1. Solution of Problem 1:
(a) Force exerted on the pieces of wood by clamp
In the given problem, the mean radius of the screw (r) is 5 mm. As the screw is double threaded,
the lead L is equal to twice the pitch i.e., L = 2 × 3 = 6 mm. [1 mark]
Then, the lead angle (θ) can be obtained from the expression
L
tan θ =
2πr
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 tan θ = 10π = 0.191 θ = 10.81⁰ [2 marks]

The coefficient of friction (μs) between the threads is 0.45. [1 mark]

The angle of friction is calculated as follows:
 tan ϕs = μs = 0.45
 ϕs = 24.23⁰ [1 mark]
The force Q that should be applied to the block representing [1 mark]
the screw can be calculated by setting its moment Qr about
the axis of the screw equal to the applied couple.
 Q × 5 mm = 50 Nm
 Q = 10 kN [1 mark]
The free body diagram and the corresponding force triangle
for the block is shown in Figure 1(a). The magnitude of
force W exerted on the pieces of wood cab be determined by
[1 mark]
solving the force triangle.

W Q
=
sin (90⁰ – (θ + ϕs ) ) sin (θ + ϕs )

 𝑊 = 𝑄 cot (𝜃 + ϕ𝑠 )
[1 mark]
 W = 14.26 kN [3 marks]
(b) Couple required to loosen the clamp
The force Q required to loosen the clamp and its corresponding couple can be determined from
the free body diagram and force triangle shown in Figure 1(b).
 Q = W tan (ϕs ̶ θ) = 14.26 tan (13.42⁰) = 3.40 kN [2 marks]

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  Couple = Q × r = 3.40 kN × 5 mm = 17 N.m [1 mark]
2. Solution of Problem 2:
Impending slipping of the cable over the fixed drum is given by the following expression:
T2/T1 =𝑒 𝜇𝛽 (1) [1 mark]
(a) With 𝛼 = 0, the angle of contact 𝛽 = 𝜋/2 rad. For impending upward motion of the load (Fig-
ure 2a),
T2 = Pmax, T1 = 1177.2 N, we have;
Pmax/1177.2 = 𝑒 0.35(𝜋/2)
 Pmax = (1177.2 × 1.733) = 2040.09 N [2 marks]
For impending downward motion of the load, T2 = 1177.2 N and T1 = Pmin. [1 mark]

1177.2/Pmin = 𝑒 0.35(𝜋/2)
 Pmin = 1177.2 / 1.733 = 679.28 N [2 marks]
(b) Minimum value for angle α before the load begins to slip (Figure 2(b))
The angle α can be evaluated by substituting T2 = 1177.2 N and T1 = P = 600 N in Eq. (1).
1177.2/600 = 𝑒 0.35𝛽
 0.35𝛽 = ln(1177.2/600) = 0.674
180
𝛽 = 1.926 rad = 1.926( 𝜋 ) = 110.35° [2 marks]

 𝛼 =110.35° – 90° = 20.35° [1 mark] [1 mark]

3. Solution of Problem 3:
The active force diagram of the system is shown in Figure 3(a), and includes weight of the mem-
bers and the couple M that has to be applied at O in order to support the mechanism in the position
θ = 45o.

[1 mark]

Figure 3(a)

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From Figure 3(a),
l
yD = sin θ; yA = l sin θ; yC = 2l sin θ
2
l
𝛿yD = cos θ 𝛿𝜃 [0.5 mark]
2
𝛿yA = l cos θ 𝛿𝜃 [0.5 mark]
𝛿yC = 2l cos θ 𝛿𝜃 [0.5 mark]
[𝛿𝑈 = 0]
 0.5mg 𝛿yD + mg 𝛿yA + mog 𝛿yC – M 𝛿𝜃 = 0 [1 mark]

Substituting the expressions of 𝛿yD, 𝛿yA, and 𝛿yC in the equation of virtual work results in:
l
 0.5mg cos θ 𝛿𝜃 + mg l cos θ 𝛿𝜃 + mog 2l cos θ 𝛿𝜃 – M 𝛿𝜃 = 0 [0.5 mark]
2

By solving the above equation, we get,

5
 𝑀 =𝑔 𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ( 𝑚 + 2 𝑚o )
4
[0.5 mark]

For θ = 45o, 𝑀 =𝑔 √2𝑙 (54 𝑚 + 2 𝑚o ) [0.5 mark]

4. A hollow plate clutch having a single driving plate with contact surfaces on each side is required
to transmit 110 kW at 1250 rpm. The outer diameter of the contact surfaces is to be 300 mm. The
coefficient of friction is 0.4. Consider the relationship between power (P) and torque/moment (T)
is 𝑇 = (𝑃 × 60)/(2𝜋𝑁), where N is in rpm. Determine the following:

(a)The inner diameter of the friction surfaces by assuming a uniform pressure of 0.17 N/mm2.

(5 marks)

(b) Assuming the same dimensions and the same total axial thrust, calculate the maximum torque
that can be transmitted and the maximum intensity of pressure when uniform wear conditions have
been reached. (5 marks)

4. Solution of Question 4:

Given: 𝑃 = 110 kW = 110 × 103 W ; 𝑁 = 1250 r. p. m. ; 𝑑1 = 300 mm or 𝑟1 =

150 mm ; μ = 0.4 ; 𝑝 = 0.17 N/mm2

(a) Inner diameter of the friction surfaces

Let 𝑑2 = Inner diameter of the contact or friction surfaces, and

𝑟2 = Inner radius of the contact or friction surfaces.

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We know that the torque transmitted by the clutch,

𝑇 = (𝑃 × 60)/(2𝜋𝑁) = (110 × 103 × 60)/(2𝜋 × 1250) = 840Nm

= 840 × 103 Nmm [1 marks]

Axial thrust with which the contact surfaces are held together,

W = Pressure × Area

= 𝑝 × 𝜋 [𝑟1 2 − 𝑟2 2 ]

= 0.17 × 𝜋[1502 − 𝑟2 2 ] = 0.534 × [1502 − 𝑟2 2 ] ... (i)

and mean radius of the contact surface for uniform pressure conditions,

2 𝑟1 3 − 𝑟2 3 2 1503 − 𝑟2 3
𝑅 = [ 2 ] = [ ]
3 𝑟1 − 𝑟2 2 3 1502 − 𝑟2 2

Torque transmitted by the clutch (T),

840 × 103 = 𝑛. 𝜇. 𝑊. 𝑅

2 1503 − 𝑟2 3
= 2 × 0.4 × 0.534 × [1502 − 𝑟2 2 ] × [ ] … … . (∴ 𝑛 = 2)
3 1502 − 𝑟2 2

= 0.285 × [1503 − 𝑟2 3 ]

Or

840 × 103
[1503 − 𝑟2 3]
= = 2.95 × 106
0.285

∴ 𝑟2 3 = 1503 − 2.95 × 106 = 0.425 × 106 𝑜𝑟 𝑟2 = 75 𝑚𝑚

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑2 = 2 × 𝑟2 = 2 × 75 = 150 𝑚𝑚 𝑨𝒏𝒔. [4 marks]

(b) Maximum torque transmitted

We know that the axial thrust,

𝑊 = 0.534 × [1502 − 𝑟2 2 ]

= 0.534 × [1502 − 752 ] = 9011 𝑁 ... [From equation (i)]

and mean radius of the contact surfaces for uniform wear conditions,

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 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 150 + 75
𝑅 = = = 112.5 𝑚𝑚
2 2

∴ Maximum torque transmitted,

𝑇 = 𝑛. 𝜇. 𝑊. 𝑅 = 2 × 0.4 × 9011 × 112.5 = 811 × 103 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

= 811 𝑁 − 𝑚 Ans. [ 2 marks]

Maximum intensity of pressure

For uniform wear conditions, p. r = C (a constant). Since the intensity of pressure is maximum at
the inner radius 𝑟2 , therefore

𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑟2 = 𝐶 𝑜𝑟 𝐶 = 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 75 𝑁/𝑚𝑚

We know that the axial thrust (W),

9011 = 2𝜋 × 𝐶(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 ) = 2𝜋 × 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 75(150 − 75) = 35347 × 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥

∴ 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9011/ 35347 = 0.255 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 𝑨𝒏𝒔. [3 marks]

5. Calculate the horizontal force F required to keep the 60-kg platform (as shown in Figure 5) in
its balanced position in terms of the angle the supporting links make with the horizontal. The three
identical links each weigh 15 kg. [10 marks]

Figure 5

5. Solution of Question 5:
m 1g

b sinθ

m 2g (b/2)sinθ
θ θ θ

b cosθ

Fig: 5(a) [2 marks]

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 In the Fig: 5(a), the mass of the platform, m1 = 60 kg , the mass of each of the three supporting
links, m2 =15 kg and the length of each of the three supporting links, b = 600 mm .
Considering the work done by the external forces for a virtual angular displacement δθ of the
supporting links (δθ is a positive increment till θ which is the angle the supporting links make
with the horizontal at the shown instant),
The displacement of the links in horizontal direction is given by  (bcos )
So, the work done by the force F is given by, W1 =-F (bcos ) [1 mark]
The displacement of the platform in vertical direction is given by  (bsin )
So, the work done by the load m1g is given by, W2 =-m1 g (bsin ) [1 mark]
The displacement of the midpoint of the supporting links in vertical direction is given by
b 
  sin  
2 
 b  
So, the work done by the load m2g is given by, W3 = − m2 g    sin  [1 mark]
 2  
Applying the principle of virtual work,
 U = 0;
 W1 + W2 + 3W3 = 0
 b  
 −F (bcos ) − m1 g (bsin ) − 3m2 g    sin  = 0
 2  
3
 Fbsin  = m1 gbcos  + m2 gbcos  [5 marks]
2
3
 F = g cot  (m1 + m2 )
2
3
= 9.81(60 + (15)) cot 
2
= 809.325cot  N

Q6. What is the value of P in the system shown in Fig. to cause the motion of 400 N block to move
the right side? Assume that pulley is frictionless and friction coefficient between both blocks and
the surface is 0.2. Use MATLAB to solve the problem.

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Solution:

mu =0.2;
m1 = 500;
m2 = 400;

First block force balance

N1 = m1*cosd(60); % first mass normal force

F1 = mu*N1; % friction force
T = F1+m1*sind(60); % tension in string

Second block force balance

P = (T + mu*m2)/(cosd(45)+mu*sind(45))

P = 663.5168