INFORMATION

1)Weathering is the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks, by temperature changes,

plants, animals, and human
activity

2)The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and
climatic factors. Other factors are
the topography, role of organic material, and time taken for the composition of
soil formation. All these
differ from place to place

3)In mulching, the bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic
matter like straw. It helps to
retain soil moisture.

4)Planting rows of trees on one side of an area prevents the wind from eroding the
soil. They are also called
shelter belts.

5)Almost three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Thus, our
planet is also known as the
‘water planet.

6)How can we plant trees in dry area For dry regions and coastal areas where soil
erosion occurs due to wind,
shelterbelts can be created by planting trees to control the force of the wind and
protect soil cover.

7)Freshwater accounts for only about 2.7% and nearly 70 % of it is locked in ice
sheets and glaciers in Antarctica,
Greenland, and mountain regions. Due to their location, they are inaccessible. Only
1% of freshwater is accessible
and fit for human use. It is found in groundwater, as surface water in rivers and
lakes, and as water vapour in
the atmosphere.Available freshwater is used 70% by agriculture, 25% by industries,
and 5% by households.

WATER CYCLE

1)Evaporation is the process of changing from a liquid or solid state into vapour.

2)Condensation is the process where water vapour becomes liquid.

3)Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and
falls back to the Earth.

MEATHODS OF IRRIGATION

1)Canals should be leak-proof, properly lined, and maintained on a regular basis to

minimise losses by water
seepage.

2)Treating industrial effluents timely before they get released into water
bodies .Public awareness on littering to
avoid water pollution .Regulating use of chemical fertilisers

NATURAL VEGETATION
1)Natural vegetation and wildlife are valuable resources.

2)A plant community, which has grown naturally without human interference, is known
as the natural vegetation.

ECOSYSTEM

1)Plants source energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil.It is then passed
to the grasshopper.Then a frog
eats the grasshopper.Some nutrients and energy are passed to the snake that eats
the frog.The eagles then will feed
on snakes. They are the apex predators and are considered the topmost in the food
chain.Decomposers like fungi and
bacteria turn organic wastes, such as dead plants and animals, into inorganic
materials, such as nutrient-rich soil.
So animals, big or small, are all essential to maintaining balance in the
ecosystem.‘The interdependency of living
beings for their mutual survival is known as an ecosystem’.

CITIES

1)CITES (The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna

and Flora).

2)Van Mahotsav is a pan-India tree planting festival celebrated in July every year.
This initiative was nationally
recognised in 1950 by Dr K M Munshi, who was the Union Minister for Agriculture and
Food during that period.